Published: Jan. 1, 2023
teeltsystemen.In dit uitvoeringsprogramma zijn een groot aantal partijen als partner betrokken 1 .De toekomstvisie en het bouwen voort
Outlook on Agriculture, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 13 - 25
Published: March 1, 2021
Agriculture is in crisis. Soil health collapsing. Biodiversity faces the sixth mass extinction. Crop yields are plateauing. Against this crisis narrative swells a clarion call for Regenerative Agriculture. But what Agriculture, and why it gaining such prominence? Which problems does solve, how? Here we address these questions from an agronomic perspective. The term has actually been use some time, but there resurgence of interest over past 5 years. It supported often considered opposite poles debate on agriculture food. promoted strongly by civil society NGOs as well many major multi-national food companies. Many practices regenerative, including crop residue retention, cover cropping reduced tillage central to canon ‘good agricultural practices’, while others contested at best niche (e.g. permaculture, holistic grazing). Worryingly, generally with little regard context. Practices most encouraged (such no tillage, pesticides or external nutrient inputs) unlikely lead benefits claimed all places. We argue that represents re-framing have be two contrasting approaches futures, namely agroecology sustainable intensification, under same banner. This more likely confuse than clarify public debate. More importantly, draws attention away fundamental challenges. conclude providing guidance research agronomists who want engage
Language: Английский
Citations
362
Annual Review of Resource Economics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 351 - 381
Published: July 12, 2023
Agroecology is often considered as the ultimate and most comprehensive solution to many challenges of agricultural food system, also referred agri-food system. This review investigates what extent agroecology can become mainstream model for transforming agriculture toward more sustainable resilient systems within given economic political context. We find that enhancing will require a fully integrated multiscale approach from farm region globe. The must consider relevant processes relationships, actors stakeholders well drivers, sustainability indicators, respective assessment methods across all scales. Giving specific attention drivers related economy, technology, policy we point out needs be economically viable farmers other system actors. In particular, new emerging technologies digitalization breeding should consideration in agroecological transformation. stress need an analytical operational framework adequate design suggest six areas needed support large-scale adoption agroecology.
Language: Английский
Citations
91
Phytopathology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 112(10), P. 2099 - 2109
Published: May 10, 2022
Potato production worldwide is plagued by several disease-causing pathogens that result in crop and economic losses estimated to billions of dollars each year. To this day, synthetic chemical applications remain the most widespread control strategy despite their negative effects on human environmental health. Therefore, obtainment superior biocontrol agents or naturally produced metabolites replace fungicides be integrated into practical pest management strategies has become one main targets modern agriculture. Our focus present study was elucidate antagonistic potential a new strain identified as Bacillus subtilis EG21 against potato Phytophthora infestans Rhizoctonia solani using vitro screening assays. Microscopic examination interaction between R. showed extended damage fungal mycelium, while displayed strong anti-oomycete zoosporecidal effect P. infestans. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis revealed antifungal cyclic lipopeptides surfactins (C12 C19). Further characterization confirmed its ability produce siderophores extracellular lytic enzymes cellulase, pectinase chitinase. The activity cell-free culture filtrate (CF) found stable at high-temperature/pressure treatment extreme pH values not affected proteinase K treatment. Disease-inhibiting CF infection leaves tubers, respectively. Biotechnological microbial bioproducts for protection hold great promise develop effective, environment-friendly sustainable strategies. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 Author(s). This an open access article distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Language: Английский
Citations
32
Agriculture and Human Values, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 39(2), P. 733 - 755
Published: Dec. 5, 2021
Abstract Can gene editing and agroecology be complementary? Various formulations of this question now animate debates over the future food systems, including in UN Committee on World Food Security at Systems Summit. Previous analyses have discussed risks for agroecosystems, smallholders, concentration wealth by agro-industry. This paper takes a different approach, unpacking epistemic, socioeconomic, ontological politics inherent complementarity. I ask: How is complementarity understood? Who asking defining question? What are entertaining debate all? sketch epistemic foundations science technology that organize notions evidence used genetic engineering. On base, offer 8 angles compatibility question, exploring historical contradictions discourses reveal contemporary work they do. through questions (1) technological neutrality, (2) “root cause” problems, (3) working with nature, (4) encoding racism, dilemmas (5) ownership (6) access. These questions, argue, require reckoning (7) ontologies coloniality-modernity, which help us get underneath—and beyond—the question. Finally, (8) framework thinking about toward sovereignty.
Language: Английский
Citations
41
Food Science and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(2), P. 307 - 323
Published: Aug. 21, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
3
Agronomy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1163 - 1163
Published: June 7, 2021
Breeding innovations are relevant for sustainable agricultural development and food security, as new, resilient production systems require crop varieties optimally suited these systems. In the societal debate around genetic engineering other plant breeding innovations, ownership of patents on technology used in hands large companies is often seen a reason that small denied opportunities further improving or farmers restricted using such varieties. However, intellectual property (IP) may also be tools to ensure use good practices when cultivating resulting This paper explores documented cases which IP (plant variety rights, brand names) promote innovative grown according (GAP). These include effective disease resistance management regimes potato order prevent delay pathogens from overcoming genes, transgenic insect-resistant Bt herbicide-tolerant crops resistant pests weeds, respectively. The results discussed with respect influence breeders GAP measures through various forms contribution role stakeholders, authorities society at stimulating ensuring GAP.
Language: Английский
Citations
18
Agriculture and Human Values, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: April 11, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
2
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 76(4), P. 75A - 78A
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
Earth’s total land area is 1.3916 × 1010 ha (3.43725 ac), of which 4.285 108 (1.0584 109 ac) or 3.1% includes inland water (Knoema 2021). As a share area, agricultural (cropland and grazing land) 37.4%, arable 11.1%, forest 30.7% Therefore, about 5.04 (1.25 ac). Some estimates indicate that an additional 5.93 (1.4647 may be required to feed the projected population 10 billion by 2050 (Ranganathan et al. 2018). Such excessive human use, with strong implications for environmental health biodiversity (Ramankutty 2018), needs critical objective assessment. In context growing increasingly affluent world population, it important objectively assess resources needed meet food other requirements humanity. Prevalence undernourished people in decreased from 826 million 695 2019 (FAO 2020). However, disruption supply chain COVID-19 pandemic increased prevalence undernourishment 82 132 December 2020. This number increase 17 61 end 2021 19 60 2030 global cereal grain production 7.36 t (8.113 tn) 1961 3.0 (3.3 …
Language: Английский
Citations
16
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8
Published: Nov. 3, 2020
DNA modification techniques are increasingly applied to improve the agronomic performance of crops worldwide. Before cultivation and marketing, environmental risks such modified varieties must be assessed. This includes an understanding their effects on soil microorganisms associated ecosystem services. study analyzed impact a cisgenic potato variety Desirée enhance resistance against late blight-causing fungus Phytophthora infestans (Oomycetes) abundance diversity rhizosphere inhabiting microbial communities. Two experimental field sites in Ireland Netherlands were selected, for 2 subsequent years, version was compared presence absence fungicides its non-engineered blight-sensitive counterpart conventionally bred blight-resistant variety. At flowering stage, total extracted from subjected PCR quantifying sequencing bacterial 16S rRNA genes, fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, nir genes encoding nitrite reductases. Both communities responded conditions, varieties, year cultivation, bacteria sporadically also fungicide treatments. Dutch site, without annual replication, stimulated nirK all potatoes, but with significance only Desirée. In other cases, neither nor any marker differed between both versions. Overall, demonstrates variation similar patterns rhizospheres indicates that had no tangible
Language: Английский
Citations
14
Public Policy and Administration, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(3), P. 475 - 496
Published: June 3, 2023
Analyses of ‘wicked problems’ often lead to recommendations for collaborative governance as a metagovernance solution. The case deadlocked European Union genetically modified crop authorization processes offers good example. However, the stalemate is not result inherent ‘wickedness’ problem posed by risk genetic modification technology applied agricultural production food and feed. Rather, policy lock-in results from structure dynamics network. Rigid interactions between same institutionalized actors sustain instigation power games interlaced with question–answer or probing that jointly reproduce clash differently structured problems over again. This has created typical wrong-problem situation: EC imposing ‘safety’ ‘consumer choice’ GM crops on member states, business interests anti-GM NGOs that, different reasons, saw cultivation an uncertain normatively conflicted activity. Neither issue network’s opposing discourses advocacy coalitions gained sufficient political bring their preferred structuring journeys closure. Critical reflection practices suggest scepticism about meta-governance stakeholder dialogues solutions deal wickedness. Instead, we argue Commission’s recent coping strategy constitutes incomplete but intelligent management relational distances in regard complex problem.
Language: Английский
Citations
4