Keep off the grass? Cannabis, cognition and addiction

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 293 - 306

Published: April 7, 2016

Language: Английский

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Traditional marijuana, high‐potency cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids: increasing risk for psychosis

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 195 - 204

Published: Sept. 22, 2016

Epidemiological evidence demonstrates that cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of psychotic outcomes, and confirms a dose-response relationship between the level later psychosis. High-potency synthetic cannabinoids carry greatest risk. Experimental administration tetrahydrocannabinol, active ingredient cannabis, induces transient psychosis in normal subjects, but this effect can be ameliorated by co-administration cannabidiol. This latter constituent traditional hashish, largely absent from modern high-potency forms cannabis. Argument continues over extent to which genetic predisposition correlated to, or interacts with, use, what proportion could prevented minimizing heavy use. As yet, there not convincing increases other psychiatric disorders, are no such doubts concerning its detrimental on cognitive function. All negative aspects magnified if starts early adolescence. Irrespective whether decriminalized legalized, it component cause now sufficient for public health messages outlining risk, especially regular cannabinoids.

Language: Английский

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Assessing causality in associations between cannabis use and schizophrenia risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 47(5), P. 971 - 980

Published: Dec. 8, 2016

Background Observational associations between cannabis and schizophrenia are well documented, but ascertaining causation is more challenging. We used Mendelian randomization (MR), utilizing publicly available data as a method for from observational data. Method performed bi-directional two-sample MR using summary-level genome-wide the International Cannabis Consortium (ICC) Psychiatric Genomics (PGC2). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with initiation ( p < 10 −5 ) 5 × −8 were combined an inverse-variance-weighted fixed-effects approach. also height education association study data, representing negative positive control analyses. Results There was some evidence consistent causal effect of on risk [odds ratio (OR) 1.04 per doubling odds initiation, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.07, = 0.019]. strong likelihood (OR 1.10 schizophrenia, CI 1.05–1.14, 2.64 ). Findings predicted (height: OR 1.00, 0.99–1.01, 0.90) weaker than (years in education: 0.99, 0.97–1.00, 0.066) Conclusions Our results provide that increases although size estimate small. find stronger predicts possibly genetic instruments initiation.

Language: Английский

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Evidence for the Risks and Consequences of Adolescent Cannabis Exposure

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 56(3), P. 214 - 225

Published: Dec. 29, 2016

Language: Английский

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Clinical and Preclinical Evidence for Functional Interactions of Cannabidiol and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 142 - 154

Published: Sept. 6, 2017

Language: Английский

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Medical cannabis and mental health: A guided systematic review

Clinical Psychology Review, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 15 - 29

Published: Oct. 16, 2016

Language: Английский

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Consequences of adolescent drug use

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

Abstract Substance use in adolescence is a known risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric and substance disorders adulthood. This part due to fact that critical aspects brain occur during adolescence, which can be altered by drug use. Despite concerted efforts educate youth about potential negative consequences use, initiation remains common amongst adolescents world-wide. Additionally, though there has been substantial research on topic, many questions remain predictors adolescent In following review, we will highlight some most recent literature neurobiological behavioral effects rodents, non-human primates, humans, with specific focus alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, interactions between these substances. Overall, consumption substances produce long-lasting changes across variety structures networks have enduring behavior, emotion, cognition.

Language: Английский

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A Population-Based Analysis of the Relationship Between Substance Use and Adolescent Cognitive Development

American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 176(2), P. 98 - 106

Published: Oct. 3, 2018

Alcohol and cannabis misuse are related to impaired cognition. When inferring causality, four nonexclusive theoretical models can account for this association: 1) a common underlying vulnerability model; 2) neuroplasticity model in which impairment is concurrent with changes substance use but temporary because of neuroplastic brain processes that restore function; 3) neurotoxicity long-term consequential use; 4) developmental sensitivity hypothesis age-specific effects. Using developmentally sensitive design, the authors investigated relationships between year-to-year cognitive development.A population-based sample 3,826 seventh-grade students from 31 schools consisting 5% all entering high school 2012 2013 Greater Montreal region were assessed annually 4 years on alcohol use, recall memory, perceptual reasoning, inhibition, working using school-based computerized assessments. Multilevel regression models, performed separately each substance, used simultaneously test (between-subject) lagged within-subject effects domain.Common detected domains. Cannabis not consumption, showed (neurotoxic) inhibitory control memory delayed reasoning (with some evidence sensitivity). independent any effects.Beyond role cognition lasting adolescent be observed important functions appear more pronounced than those alcohol.

Language: Английский

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Can we make cannabis safer?

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 4(8), P. 643 - 648

Published: March 2, 2017

Language: Английский

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Cannabis use among U.S. adolescents in the era of marijuana legalization: a review of changing use patterns, comorbidity, and health correlates

International Review of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 32(3), P. 221 - 234

Published: Feb. 6, 2020

Decriminalization, medicalization, and legalization of cannabis use by a majority U.S. states over the past 25 years have dramatically shifted societal perceptions patterns among Americans. How marijuana policy changes affected population-wide health youth what downstream public implications are topics significant debate. Cannabis remains most commonly used federally illicit psychoactive drug adolescents is main for which present substance treatment. Converging evidence indicates that adolescent-onset exposure associated with short- possibly long-term impairments in cognition, worse academic/vocational outcomes, increased prevalence psychotic, mood, addictive disorders. Odds negative developmental outcomes early-onset, persistent, high frequency, high-potency Δ-9-THC use, suggesting dose-dependent relationships. disorders treatable conditions clear childhood antecedents respond to targeted prevention early intervention strategies. This review had mixed effects on adolescent including potential benefits from decriminalization evidenced increases cannabis-related motor vehicle accidents, emergency department visits, hospitalizations. Federal state legislatures should apply framework consider possible change paediatric health.

Language: Английский

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