Proactive and Reactive Control in Emotional States: an Investigation of Fear using the AX-Continuous Performance Task in Virtual Reality DOI Creative Commons

Jordan Schulde

Published: Sept. 9, 2023

<p><strong>Fear is a primitive and powerful emotion which affects us in many ways. Exactly how it may influence however, particularly our ability to effectively pursue goals, less well understood. Our goals directed by cognitive control proposed be comprised of proactive reactive mechanisms (Braver, 2012; Braver et al., 2009). Proactive relies on the active sustained maintenance thereby reducing conflict ahead time, but also heavily consuming resources. Reactive acts more transiently, re-activating response stimuli events within environment thus effective, resource intensive. To investigate fear mechanisms, I conducted two studies participants performed AX-Continuous Performance Test (AX-CPT) while exposed extreme heights an ecologically valid virtual reality scene. If results reallocation resources towards perceived threat, overall (Pessoa, 2009; Curci 2013; Klein 2001; Hermans 2014), there one influences mechanisms. First, decreased use control, increased as heavy. Alternatively, reduction both modes necessitate Results from initial pilot study demonstrated that induction procedure was successful, AX-CPT successfully implemented VR. main indicated under suggesting threat impairs flexibly choose between modes, impairing specifically situations where necessary. further support notion are independent.</strong></p>

Language: Английский

The Memory and Affective Flexibility Task: a new behavioral tool to assess neurocognitive processes implicated in emotion-related impulsivity and internalizing symptoms DOI Creative Commons
J. D. Allen, Matthew Elliott, Eivind Haga Ronold

et al.

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Background Cognitive rigidity and working memory impairment are established features of internalizing syndromes. Growing evidence suggests that deficits in affective control –cognitive the context emotion – may underpin elevated emotion-related impulsivity various psychiatric disorders. Objective This study examines two components (affective flexibility emotional memory) as potential neurocognitive processes linking to psychopathology. Method Undergraduate participants (analysis n = 120) completed Memory Affective Flexibility Task (MAFT), a novel behavioral assessment designed assess hot cognition performance, alongside self-report measures symptoms Results Structural equation modeling suggested less accurate during neutral trials (cool cognition) was associated with more However, effects were not significantly related or psychopathology scores. Conclusions Although findings provide no support for validity MAFT indices cognition, these results replicate extend work on importance cool correlates

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Targeting cognitive resilience through prebiotics: A focused perspective DOI Creative Commons
Boushra Dalile, Neil Bernard Boyle, François Ruiz

et al.

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100343 - 100343

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Acute stress influences the emotional foundations of executive control: Distinct effects on control-related affective and cognitive processes DOI
Grant S. Shields, Colton L. Hunter,

Elleona V. Trudell

et al.

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 106942 - 106942

Published: Dec. 22, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Stress exposure, perceived stress severity, and their effects on health DOI Open Access
Kateryna Maltseva

Sociology Theory Methods Marketing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1, P. 187 - 197

Published: Feb. 24, 2024

While stress is one of the central concepts in many contemporary theories health, there no universal definition or stressors. Stress usually understood as a subjective experience tension, pressure, distress, fear negative emotions that occurs result perceived threat to one’s mental physical well-being and accompanied by an evolved biological response facilitates adaptive reaction. conceptualized taxing condition, it not uniformly harmful per se. In fact, often cited Moreover, every incident exposure results disease has undermining effect on health. Mere does warrant healthy organism’s falling ill. Yet been shown affect health both directly indirectly, having impact multiple chronic conditions. Stressors vary their severity ability leave mark therefore important develop reliable methods measuring better understand how affects instigates pathology. One difficulties effects connected distinction between external stressors internal appraisal. More recently, researchers began make (i.e., facing objectively measurable stressor) resulting from individual’s stressor). The latter have superior predictive terms outcomes (both breadth depth observed effects) compared former. Measurement-wise, also tends yield more precise results, which makes preferable stress-assessment tool. present article literature review study delves into this attempts shed light onto its implications for

Language: Английский

Citations

1
No effects of acute stress on monetary delay discounting: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis DOI Creative Commons
Paul Forbes, Jonas P. Nitschke,

Nicole Hochmeister

et al.

Neurobiology of Stress, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31, P. 100653 - 100653

Published: June 3, 2024

Many everyday decisions, including those concerning our health, finances and the environment, involve choosing between a smaller but imminent reward (e.g., €20 now) later larger €40 in month). The extent to which an individual prefers rewards over delayed can be measured using delay discounting tasks. Acute stress induces cascade of biological psychological responses with potential consequences for how individuals think about future, process rewards, make all impact discounting. Several studies have shown that focus more on under stress. These findings been used explain why detrimental choices acute Yet, evidence linking is equivocal. To address this uncertainty, we conducted meta-analysis 11 (14 effects) systematically quantify effects monetary Overall, find no effect discounting, compared control conditions (SMD = -0.18, 95% CI [-0.57, 0.20], p 0.32). We also neither gender/sex participants, type stressor physical vs. psychosocial) nor whether decisions were hypothetical or incentivized (i.e. actually paid out) moderated argue establishing separate processes involved such as valuation prospection, will help resolve inconsistencies field.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
No Effects of Acute Stress on Monetary Delay Discounting: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis DOI Open Access
Paul Forbes, Jonas P. Nitschke,

Nicole Hochmeister

et al.

Published: Dec. 19, 2023

Many everyday decisions, including those concerning our health, finances and the environment, involve choosing between a smaller but imminent reward (e.g., €20 now) later larger €40 in month). The extent to which an individual prefers rewards over delayed can be measured using delay discounting tasks. Acute stress induces cascade of biological psychological responses with potential consequences for how individuals think about future, process rewards, make all impact discounting. Several studies have shown that focus more on under stress. These findings been used explain why detrimental choices acute Yet, evidence linking is equivocal. To address this uncertainty, we conducted meta-analysis 11 (14 effects) systematically quantify effects monetary Overall, find no effect discounting, compared control conditions (SMD=-0.18, 95% CI [-0.57, 0.20], p=.32). We also neither gender/sex participants, type stressor physical vs. psychosocial) nor whether decisions were hypothetical or incentivized (i.e. actually paid out) moderated argue establishing separate processes involved such as valuation prospection, will help resolve inconsistencies field.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Acute Stress Differentially Influences Risky Decision-Making Processes by Sex: A Hierarchical Bayesian Analysis DOI
Grant S. Shields, Trey Malone, Zach J. Gray

et al.

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 107259 - 107259

Published: Dec. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Stress from early life to adulthood: Is there a protective role of cognitive control? DOI Creative Commons
Mauro F. Larra, Patrick D. Gajewski, Stephan Getzmann

et al.

Brain and Cognition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 178, P. 106165 - 106165

Published: May 16, 2024

Early life events can have long-lasting effects that may impact the quality of into adulthood. The link between childhood adversities and adult mental physical health is well documented, however, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Executive functions are assumed to be a key factor in successfully dealing with cognitive-emotional challenges thereby contributing stress resilience across lifespan. Here, we examined whether cognitive control moderates early adversity depression. Data was available from sample 424 participants aged 20-70 years (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05155397). They performed Stroop task behavior as frontal theta power were recorded. Negative experiences assessed Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), chronic measured Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS) depression symptoms Beck's Depression (BDI). CTQ predicted Regression models pointed TICS crucial mediator relationship BDI. However, parameters demonstrated rather weak effect moderators. These results indicate an important linking trauma but suggest only limited role control.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Contexts of urgency may go beyond emotion DOI Creative Commons
Matthew Elliott, Oliver P. John, J. D. Allen

et al.

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Urgency has been defined as the tendency towards rash speech and behavior in context of emotion. Measures have found to robust predictive power for psychopathologies problematic behaviors. In current study, we question whether emotions are unique drivers urgency, or if potent exemplars contexts that lead behavior. The Emotion Specific model Broader Contexts correspond with these two conceptualizations they frame our pre-registered hypotheses.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Validation of the Virtual Reality Stroop Room:Effects of Inhibiting Interfering Information under Time Pressure and Task-Switching Demands DOI Creative Commons
Veronika Ringgold, Luca Abel, Bjoern M. Eskofier

et al.

Computers in Human Behavior Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100497 - 100497

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

0