Systemic treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(10), P. 1569 - 1588

Published: March 14, 2023

Significant progress has been achieved in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients during last 20 years. There are currently numerous treatments available for first-line mCRC. Sophisticated molecular technologies have developed to reveal novel prognostic and predictive biomarkers CRC. The development next-generation sequencing whole-exome sequencing, which strong new tools discovery facilitate delivery customized treatment, resulted tremendous breakthroughs DNA technology recent appropriate adjuvant mCRC determined by tumor stage, presence high-risk pathologic characteristics, microsatellite instability status, patient age, performance status. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy main systemic with Despite fact that these choices increased overall survival mCRC, remains optimal individuals non-metastatic disease. being used support our ability practice personalized medicine; practical aspects applying regular clinical practice; evolution chemotherapy, strategies front-line setting all reviewed here.

Language: Английский

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The colibactin-producing Escherichia coli alters the tumor microenvironment to immunosuppressive lipid overload facilitating colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Intratumoral bacteria flexibly contribute to cellular and molecular tumor heterogeneity for supporting cancer recurrence through poorly understood mechanisms. Using spatial metabolomic profiling technologies 16SrRNA sequencing, we herein report that right-sided colorectal tumors are predominantly populated with Colibactin-producing

Language: Английский

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The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Carcinoma—Recent Findings and Review

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 1670 - 1670

Published: July 11, 2022

The inflammatory process plays a significant role in the development of colon cancer (CRC). Intestinal cytokine networks are critical mediators tissue homeostasis and inflammation but also impact carcinogenesis at all stages disease. Recent studies suggest that is greater importance serrated pathway than adenoma-carcinoma pathway. Interleukins have gained most attention due to their potential CRC pathogenesis promising results clinical trials. Malignant transformation associated with pro-tumorigenic anti-tumorigenic cytokines. harmony between proinflammatory anti-inflammatory factors crucial maintaining homeostasis. Immune cells tumor microenvironment modulate immune sensitivity facilitate escape from surveillance. Therefore, clarifying underlying pathways effects modulation may be an important step improve effectiveness immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Tumor-infiltrated activated B cells suppress liver metastasis of colorectal cancers

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 40(9), P. 111295 - 111295

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

More than 40% of patients with late-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) develop liver metastasis (LM). Which immune cells play important roles in CRC-LM and contribute to the difference between left-sided CRC (LCC) right-sided (RCC) remain unclear. By single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we not only find that activated B are significantly depleted LM, but also a subtype developed from cells, namely immature plasma cell population alpha (iMPA), highly correlated metastasis. Mechanistically, inhibition Wnt transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathways promotes migration via SDF-1-CXCR4 axis. This study reveals subpopulations tumor microenvironment (TIME) key role as well LCC RCC. The preventive effects modulating may provide rationale for subsequent drug development management.

Language: Английский

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Pathological and pharmacological functions of the metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids mediated by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and cytochrome P450s in cancers

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 256, P. 108612 - 108612

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Tumour DNA methylation markers associated with breast cancer survival: a replication study

Breast Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Tumour DNA methylation has been investigated as a potential marker for breast cancer survival, but findings often lack replication across studies. This study sought to replicate previously reported associations individual CpG sites and multi-CpG signatures using an Australian sample of 425 women with from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS). Candidate (N = 22) 3) potentially associated survival were identified five prior studies that used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, which shares key characteristics MCCS: comparable size, tissue type (formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; FFPE), technology (Illumina HumanMethylation450 array), participant (age, ancestry, disease subtype severity). Cox proportional hazard regression analyses conducted assess between these markers both cancer-specific overall adjusting relevant characteristics. Our revealed partial (9 out (2 3). These maintained after adjustment stronger mortality than mortality. In fully-adjusted models, strong observed in PRAC2 (per standard deviation [SD], HR 1.67, 95%CI: 1.24-2.25) signature based on 28 CpGs developed elastic net SD, 1.48, 1.09-2.00). While further are needed confirm expand findings, our suggests hold promise improving prognostication.

Language: Английский

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Liquid Biopsy and Artificial Intelligence as Tools to Detect Signatures of Colorectal Malignancies: A Modern Approach in Patient’s Stratification

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 8, 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most frequently diagnosed type of and a major worldwide public health concern. Despite global efforts in development modern therapeutic strategies, CRC prognosis strongly correlated with stage disease at diagnosis. Early detection has huge impact decreasing mortality while pre-lesion significantly reduces incidence pathology. Even though management patients based on robust diagnostic methods such as serum tumor markers analysis, colonoscopy, histopathological analysis tissue, imaging (computer tomography or magnetic resonance), these strategies still have many limitations do not fully satisfy clinical needs due to their lack sensitivity and/or specificity. Therefore, improvements current practice would substantially patients. In this view, liquid biopsy promising approach that could help clinicians screen for disease, stratify best treatment, monitor treatment response resistance mechanisms regular minimally invasive manner. Liquid biopsies allow different tumor-derived circulating cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA), cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs) bloodstream. The advantage its ability trace molecular profile patient's predict personalized real-time. On other hand, prospective use artificial intelligence (AI) medicine holds great promise oncology, diagnosis, prediction disease. AI two main branches medical field: (i) virtual branch includes imaging, assisted well drug research, (ii) physical surgical robots. This review summarizes findings relevant better stratification

Language: Английский

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Prognostic Factors in Stage IV Colorectal Cancer Patients With Resection of Liver and/or Pulmonary Metastases: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 15, 2022

Currently, surgical resection of distant metastatic lesions has become the preferred treatment for select colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with liver metastasis (LM) and/or pulmonary (PM). Metastasectomy is most common curative method. However, evidence factors affecting prognosis CRC after LM PM still insufficient. To explore prognostic who have undergone tumors and to provide reliable selection in affected by from CRC. The SEER database was used identify eligible underwent primary tumor metastases January 1, 2010, December 31, 2018. Kaplan-Meier method calculate survival, comparisons were performed using log-rank test univariate analysis. A Cox proportional hazards regression model multivariate outcomes included overall survival (OS) cancer-specific (CSS). total 3,003 this study. 3-year 5-year OS rates 53% 33.6%, respectively, CSS 54.2% 35.3%, respectively. In adjusted analysis, age < 65 years (OS: p=0.002, CSS: p=0.002) associated better long-term outcomes, located on left side colon p=0.004, p=0.006) or rectum p=0.006), T3 stage p<0.001, p<0.001), number regional lymph nodes examined ≥ 12 p=0.001), p<0.001) positive tumors. Age PM, analogously sided tumor, stage, metastases.

Language: Английский

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Circulating Tumor DNA Methylation Biomarkers for Characterization and Determination of the Cancer Origin in Malignant Liver Tumors

Cancers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 859 - 859

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

Malignant liver tumors include primary malignant and metastases. They are among the most common malignancies worldwide. The disease has a poor prognosis overall survival, especially with Therefore, early detection differentiation between critical for patient treatment selection. of cancer prediction its origin is possible DNA methylation profile tumor compared to that normal cells, which reflects tissue transformation. New technologies enable characterization methylome in circulating (ctDNA), providing variety new ctDNA biomarkers, can provide additional information clinical decision-making. Our review literature provides insight into changes from patients serve as starting point further research.

Language: Английский

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Serrated colorectal cancer: preclinical models and molecular pathways

Trends in cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 76 - 91

Published: Oct. 24, 2023

Serrated lesions are histologically heterogeneous, and detection can be challenging as these have subtle features that may missed by endoscopy. Furthermore, while approximately 30% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) arise from serrated lesions, only 8-10% invasive CRCs exhibit morphology at presentation, suggesting potential loss apparent characteristics with increased malignancy. Thus, understanding the genetic basis driving CRC initiation progression is critical to improve diagnosis identify therapeutic biomarkers targets guide disease management. This review discusses preclinical models reported date how systems been used provide mechanistic insights into tumor initiation, progression, novel treatment targets.

Language: Английский

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