The durability of vaccine-induced protection: an overview

Expert Review of Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 389 - 408

Published: March 15, 2024

Introduction Current vaccines vary widely in both their efficacy against infection and disease, the durability of efficacy. Some provide practically lifelong protection with a single dose, while others only limited following annual boosters. What variables make vaccine-induced immune responses last? Can breakthroughs these factors technologies help us produce better fewer doses? The is now hot area vaccinology research, especially after COVID-19 lost luster. It has fueled discussion on eventual utility existing to society bolstered anti-vaxxer camp. To sustain public trust vaccines, lasting must be developed.

Language: Английский

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The Changing Landscape of Respiratory Viruses Contributing to Hospitalizations in Quebec, Canada: Results From an Active Hospital-Based Surveillance Study

JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10, P. e40792 - e40792

Published: March 20, 2024

Background A comprehensive description of the combined effect SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory viruses other than (ORVs) on acute infection (ARI) hospitalizations is lacking. Objective This study aimed to compare viral etiology ARI before pandemic (8 prepandemic influenza seasons, 2012-13 2019-20) during 3 years (periods increased ORV circulation in 2020-21, 2021-22, 2022-23) from an active hospital-based surveillance network Quebec, Canada. Methods We compared detection ORVs that 8 seasons among patients hospitalized with who were tested systematically by same multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay periods intense virus (RV) circulation. The proportions infections between using appropriate statistical tests. Results During overall RV was 92.7% (1384/1493) (respiratory syncytial [RSV]: 721/1493, 48.3%; coinfections: 456/1493, 30.5%) children (<18 years) 62.8% (2723/4339) (influenza: 1742/4339, 40.1%; 264/4339, 6.1%) adults. Overall lower but 58.6% (17/29) 2020-21 (all ORVs; 7/29, 24.1%) 90.3% (308/341) 2021-22 (ORVs: 278/341, 82%; SARS-CoV-2: 30/341, 8.8%; 110/341, 32.3%) 88.9% (361/406) 2022-23 339/406, 84%; 22/406, 5.4%; 128/406, 31.5%). In adults, also 43.7% (333/762) 26/762, 3.4%; 307/762, 40.3%; 7/762, 0.9%) 57.8% (731/1265) 179/1265, 14.2%; 552/1265, 43.6%; 42/1265, 3.3%) 50.1% (746/1488) 409/1488, 27.5%; 337/1488, 22.6%; 36/1488, 2.4%). No or RSV detected 2020-21; however, their 2 subsequent did not reach levels. Compared period, peaks hospitalization shifted (16 weeks earlier) (15 earlier). Moreover, (17 later) (4 Age distribution different especially first year. Conclusions Significant shifts etiology, seasonality, age occurred years. Changes observed our may reflect modifications landscape circulating RVs contribution hospitalizations. had a low pediatric hospitalizations, while it main contributor adult dropped below third season. Evolving epidemiology underscores need for scrutiny inform tailored public health recommendations.

Language: Английский

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Difference of SARS-CoV-2 infection and influence factors between people with and without HIV infection

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

There are mixed findings in the literature regarding association between HIV status and risk of COVID-19 infection. Thus, we aimed to estimate characteristics infection Infection a Chinese sample. We conducted cross-sectional survey 1995 people living with (PLWH) 3503 HIV-negative adults Ningbo, China. compared prevalence rates SARS-CoV-2 long nucleic acid conversion time (more than 2 weeks) among PLWH participants, respectively. In addition, explored factors associated two groups. Overall, 1485/1995 (74.4%) 2864/3503 (81.8%) were infected SARS-CoV-2. Among SARS-CoV-2-infected 437/1485 (29.4%) 649/2864 (22.7%) had time. After controlling for potential confounders, rate was lower group (adjusted OR = 0.836, 95% CI 0.706–0.990). However, significantly higher after 1.417, 1.176–1.707) negative participants. Compared those who did not receive ART, received ART increased Furthermore, participants receiving vaccines displayed decreased likelihood Our study indicates that different differently further studies needed confirm effect on PLWH.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Hospitalization and Death in Mexican Patients with Metabolic Syndrome from Northeast Mexico: A Multicenter Study

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 244 - 244

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Background/Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a predisposing factor for severe COVID-19. The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with MetS has been poorly investigated. aim this study was to evaluate the vaccination before (BO) and after Omicron (AO) SARS-CoV-2 variant MetS. Methods: This retrospective observational carried out total 3194 PCR or rapid antigen test. main outcomes were vaccine against infection, hospitalization death resulting from Results: BO, only two doses BNT162b2 effective lost AO. Also, doses, BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 CoronaVac BO; however, AO, effective. Regarding as an outcome COVID-19, whereas 100% BO presentation sore throat increased regardless type, dyspnea diminished CoronaVac. Conclusions: impacted vaccines’ A tailored scheme should be implemented due varying rates observed our study.

Language: Английский

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Durability of COVID-19 vaccine and infection induced immunity: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 54, P. 126966 - 126966

Published: March 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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Real-world effectiveness of the heterologous SOBERANA-02 and SOBERANA-Plus vaccine scheme in 2–11 years-old children during the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron wave in Cuba: a longitudinal case-population study

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34, P. 100750 - 100750

Published: April 23, 2024

Increased pediatric COVID-19 occurrence due to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has raised concerns about effectiveness of existing vaccines. The protection provided by SOBERANA-02-Plus vaccination scheme against this not yet been studied. We aimed evaluate scheme's symptomatic infection and severe disease in children.

Language: Английский

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Temporal changes in factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Chinese adults: Repeated nationally representative survey

SSM - Population Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25, P. 101574 - 101574

Published: Dec. 10, 2023

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has been cited as one of the main obstacles impacting coverage. However, factors that affect may change over time. Understanding these evolving concerns and adapting strategies accordingly are crucial for effectively addressing promoting public health. We aimed to explore temporal changes in associated with VH during pandemic assess dynamic evolution VH.

Language: Английский

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The effectiveness of booster vaccination of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against susceptibility, infectiousness, and transmission of omicron BA.2 variant: a retrospective cohort study in Shenzhen, China

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 31, 2024

Little studies evaluated the effectiveness of booster vaccination inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against being infected (susceptibility), infecting others (infectiousness), and spreading disease from one to another (transmission). Therefore, we conducted a retrospective cohort study evaluate susceptibility, infectiousness, transmission in Shenzhen during an Omicron BA.2 outbreak period 1 February 21 April 2022. The eligible individuals were classified as four sub-cohorts according status both close contacts their index cases: group 2-2, fully vaccinated seeded by cases (reference group); 2-3, booster-vaccinated cases; 3-2, 3-3, cases. Univariate multivariate logistic regression analyses applied estimate vaccination. sample sizes groups 3-3 846, 1,115, 1,210, 2,417, respectively. We found that had infectiousness 44.9% (95% CI: 19.7%, 62.2%) for adults ≥ 18 years, 62.2% 32.0%, 78.9%) female contacts, 60.8% 38.5%, 75.1%) non-household contacts. Moreover, 29.0% 3.2%, 47.9%) 38.9% 3.3%, 61.3%) 45.8% 22.1%, 62.3%) However, susceptibility did not provide any protective effect. In summary, this confirm provides low level protection moderate does susceptibility.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Studies against Symptomatic and Severe Outcomes during the Omicron Period in Four Countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 906 - 906

Published: Aug. 10, 2024

Vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies provide real-world evidence to monitor vaccine performance and inform policy. The WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean supported a regional study assess VE of COVID-19 vaccines against different clinical outcomes in four countries between June 2021 August 2023. Health worker cohort were conducted 2707 health workers Egypt Pakistan, whom 171 experienced symptomatic laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Test-negative design case–control Iran Jordan 4017 severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) patients (2347 controls 1670 cases) during Omicron variant dominant period. estimates calculated each pooled by several types (BBIBP-CorV, AZD1222, BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, among others). Among workers, complete primary series could only be computed compared partial vaccination, suggesting benefit providing an additional dose mRNA (VE: 88.9%, 95%CI: 15.3–98.6%), while results inconclusive other products. SARI patients, hospitalization with any non-vaccinated was 20.9% (95%CI: 4.5–34.5%). Effectiveness individual vaccines, booster doses, secondary (intensive care unit admission death) inconclusive. Future will need address challenges both analysis when late pandemic able utilize strengthened capacities countries.

Language: Английский

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Immunogenicity and real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in Lebanon: Insights from primary and booster schemes, variants, infections, and hospitalization

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(9), P. e0306457 - e0306457

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

In this study, we conducted a case-control investigation to assess the immunogenicity and effectiveness of primary first booster homologous heterologous COVID-19 vaccination regimens against infection hospitalization, targeting variants circulating in Lebanon during 2021–2022. The study population comprised active Lebanese military personnel between February 2021 September 2022. Vaccine (VE) laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 associated hospitalization was retrospectively determined different variant-predominant periods using design. Vaccines developed by Sinopharm, Pfizer, AstraZeneca as well Sputnik V were analyzed. Prospective assessment humoral immune response, which measured based on antispike receptor binding domain IgG titer, performed post at various time points, focusing Sinopharm Pfizer vaccines. Statistical analyses IBM SPSS GraphPad Prism. VE remained consistently high before emergence Omicron variant, with lower estimates Delta wave than those Alpha for schemes. However, vaccines continued offer significant protection infection. decreased variant across post-vaccination timeframes declined over influenced variant. No breakthrough infections progressed critical or fatal COVID-19. Immunogenicity analysis revealed that regimen elicited stronger response while Sinopharm/Pfizer yielded comparable results regimen. Over time, both Sinopharm’s Pfizer’s schemes exhibited immunity titers, being more effective Sinopharm. This healthy young adults, provides insights into pandemic waves. Continuous research monitoring are essential understanding vaccine-mediated responses under evolving circumstances.

Language: Английский

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