Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): An overview of current therapies and mechanisms of resistance

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 171, P. 105780 - 105780

Published: July 21, 2021

Language: Английский

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Aspects of the Tumor Microenvironment Involved in Immune Resistance and Drug Resistance

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 27, 2021

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and ever-changing “rogue organ” composed of its own blood supply, lymphatic nervous systems, stroma, immune cells extracellular matrix (ECM). These components, utilizing both benign malignant cells, nurture the harsh, immunosuppressive nutrient-deficient environment necessary for cell growth, proliferation phenotypic flexibility variation. An important aspect TME cellular crosstalk cell-to-ECM communication. This interaction induces release soluble factors responsible evasion ECM remodeling, which further contribute to therapy resistance. Other aspects are presence exosomes contributed by circulating deregulated microRNAs TME-specific metabolic patterns potentiate progression and/or resistance therapy. In addition biochemical signaling, specific characteristics such as hypoxic environment, derangements, abnormal mechanical forces have been implicated in development treatment this review, we will provide an overview microenvironmental composition, structure, features that influence suppression

Language: Английский

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Metabolism of Amino Acids in Cancer

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Jan. 12, 2021

Metabolic reprogramming has been widely recognized as a hallmark of malignancy. The uptake and metabolism amino acids are aberrantly upregulated in many cancers that display addiction to particular acids. Amino facilitate the survival proliferation cancer cells under genotoxic, oxidative, nutritional stress. Thus, targeting acid is becoming potential therapeutic strategy for patients. In this review, we will systematically summarize recent progress malignancy discuss their interconnection with mammalian target rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, epigenetic modification, tumor growth immunity, ferroptosis. Finally, highlight applications.

Language: Английский

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DNA hypermethylation in disease: mechanisms and clinical relevance

Epigenetics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 1141 - 1163

Published: July 8, 2019

Increasing numbers of studies implicate abnormal DNA methylation in cancer and many non-malignant diseases. This is consistent with numerous findings about differentiation-associated changes at promoters, enhancers, gene bodies, sites that control higher-order chromatin structure. Abnormal increases or decreases contribute to are markers for formation tumour progression. Aberrant also associated neurological diseases, immunological atherosclerosis, osteoporosis. In this review, I discuss hypermethylation disease its interrelationships normal development as well proposed mechanisms the origin pathogenic consequences disease-associated hypermethylation. Disease-linked can help drive oncogenesis partly by effects on stem cells CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP); atherosclerosis disease-related cell transdifferentiation; autoimmune diseases through perturbations memory; diverse age-associated age-related accumulation epigenetic alterations.

Language: Английский

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Clinical Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials in Diagnostics and Therapy

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 30(47)

Published: Aug. 21, 2018

Nanomaterials have the potential to improve how patients are clinically treated and diagnosed. While there a number of nanomaterials that can be used toward improved drug delivery imaging, these confer an advantage over other nanomaterials, as well current clinical approaches is often application or disease specific. How unique properties carbon such nanodiamonds, nanotubes, nanofibers, graphene, graphene oxides, make them promising for wide range applications discussed herein, including treating chemoresistant cancer, enhancing magnetic resonance improving tissue regeneration stem cell banking, among others. Additionally, strategies further imaging by reviewed, inducing endothelial leakiness applying artificial intelligence designing optimal nanoparticle-based combination delivery. still emerging field research, substantial preclinical evidence translational nanomaterials. Early trial studies highlighted, supporting use in both imaging.

Language: Английский

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Sirtuins at the crossroads of stemness, aging, and cancer

Aging Cell, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 1208 - 1218

Published: Oct. 10, 2017

Summary Sirtuins are stress‐responsive proteins that direct various post‐translational modifications ( PTM s) and as a result, considered to be master regulators of several cellular processes. They known both extend lifespan regulate spontaneous tumor development. As aging cancer associated with altered stem cell function, the possibility involvement sirtuins in these events is mediated by their roles cells worthy investigation. Research date suggests individual sirtuin family members can differentially embryonic, hematopoietic well other adult tissue‐ type‐specific context. Sirtuin‐driven regulation differentiation signaling pathways previously involved maintenance has been described where downstream effectors determine biological outcome. Similarly, diverse have reported CSC s), depending on tissue origin. This review highlights current knowledge which places at intersection cells, aging, cancer. By outlining plethora cell‐related for contexts, our purpose was provide an indication significance relation generate clearer picture therapeutic potential. Finally, we propose future directions will contribute better understanding sirtuins, thereby further unraveling full repertoire functions normal s.

Language: Английский

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Conversion of Stem Cells to Cancer Stem Cells: Undercurrent of Cancer Initiation

Cancers, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 345 - 345

Published: March 11, 2019

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) also known as cancer-initiating (CIC), are responsible for the sustained and uncontrolled growth of malignant tumors proposed to play significant roles in metastasis recurrence. Several hypotheses have that events either and/or differentiated cells, such genomic instability, inflammatory microenvironment, cell fusion, lateral gene transfer, should be considered possible origin CSCs. However, until now, exact CSC has been obscure. The development induced pluripotent (iPSCs) 2007, by Yamanaka’s group, met with much fervency hailed a breakthrough discovery scientific research communities, especially regeneration therapy. studies on from iPSCs open new page cancer research, which will help designing therapies applicable Currently most reviews focused CSCs niches. insight into niche before keen interest. This review introduces novel concept initiation introducing conversion proposes relationship between microenvironment key cancer-inducing CSC.

Language: Английский

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Hypoxia-Induced Cancer Cell Responses Driving Radioresistance of Hypoxic Tumors: Approaches to Targeting and Radiosensitizing

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1102 - 1102

Published: March 4, 2021

Within aggressive malignancies, there usually are the “hypoxic zones”—poorly vascularized regions where tumor cells undergo oxygen deficiency through inadequate blood supply. Besides, hypoxia may arise in tumors as a result of antiangiogenic therapy or transarterial embolization. Adapting to hypoxia, acquire hypoxia-resistant phenotype with characteristic alterations signaling, gene expression and metabolism. Both lack by itself hypoxia-responsive phenotypic modulations render more radioresistant, so that hypoxic serious challenge for radiotherapy. An understanding causes radioresistance would help develop novel ways overcoming this challenge. Molecular targets various approaches radiosensitizing considered present review. It is here analyzed how hypoxia-induced cellular responses involving hypoxia-inducible factor-1, heat shock transcription factor 1, proteins, glucose-regulated epigenetic regulators, autophagy, energy metabolism reprogramming, epithelial–mesenchymal transition exosome generation contribute be inhibited attenuating radioresistance. The pretreatments multitarget inhibition cancer cell adaptation seem promising approach sensitizing carcinomas, gliomas, lymphomas, sarcomas radiotherapy and, also, liver radioembolization.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the mechanisms and challenges of cancer drug resistance

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Abstract Cancer treatment faces many hurdles and resistance is one among them. Anti-cancer strategies are evolving due to innate acquired capacity, governed by genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, metabolic, or microenvironmental cues that ultimately enable selected cancer cells survive progress under unfavorable conditions. Although the mechanism of drug being widely studied generate new target-based drugs with better potency than existing ones. However, broader flexibility in resistance, advanced therapeutic options efficacy need be explored. Combination therapy an alternative a success rate though risk amplified side effects commonplace. Moreover, recent groundbreaking precision immune ways overcome has revolutionized anticancer greater extent only limitation individual-specific needs further attention. This review will focus on challenges opted withstand current therapies at molecular level also highlights emerging -like immunological, stem cell-based may prove have potential challenge problem resistance.

Language: Английский

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Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Cancer remains a significant risk to human health. Nanomedicine is new multidisciplinary field that garnering lot of interest and investigation. shows great potential for cancer diagnosis treatment. Specifically engineered nanoparticles can be employed as contrast agents in diagnostics enable high sensitivity high-resolution tumor detection by imaging examinations. Novel approaches labeling are also made possible the use nanoprobes nanobiosensors. The achievement targeted medication delivery therapy accomplished through rational design manufacture nanodrug carriers. Nanoparticles have capability effectively transport medications or gene fragments tissues via passive active targeting processes, thus enhancing treatment outcomes while minimizing harm healthy tissues. Simultaneously, context radiation sensitization photothermal enhance therapeutic efficacy malignant tumors. This review presents literature overview summary how nanotechnology used According oncological diseases originating from different systems body combining pathophysiological features cancers at sites, we most recent developments applications. Finally, briefly discuss prospects challenges cancer.

Language: Английский

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