Pancreatic Cancer: A Review of Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

This review aims to summarize the latest knowledge on factors, diagnosis, and treatment of pancreatic cancer, promote further research this under-studied malignant tumor. At present, we urgently need identify high-risk patients with precancerous diseases through screening approaches, so that medical professionals general public may better understand prevention strategies or early detection measures. Pancreatic cancer is a highly invasive tumor fatal risk, mainly seen in men older adults (60-85 years old). now increasingly observed young patients. Because disease has no symptoms can quickly invade surrounding tissues organs, it one deadliest cancers. With view important factors for development previous studies have found smoking, alcohol, chronic pancreatitis are considered factors. Recent shown abnormal metabolism human microorganisms, blood type, glucose lipid levels also cancer. Identifying diagnosis options an way improve survival rates None many markers associated specific, which indicates required rate. Future directions terms evaluating relationship between microbiology-free system immunotherapy will bring major breakthrough expected exciting clinical applications improving life-cycle

Language: Английский

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Demystifying the manipulation of host immunity, metabolism, and extraintestinal tumors by the gut microbiome

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Oct. 11, 2019

Abstract The trillions of microorganisms in the gut microbiome have attracted much attention recently owing to their sophisticated and widespread impacts on numerous aspects host pathophysiology. Remarkable progress large-scale sequencing mass spectrometry has increased our understanding influence and/or its metabolites onset progression extraintestinal cancers efficacy cancer immunotherapy. Given plasticity microbial composition function, microbial-based therapeutic interventions, including dietary modulation, prebiotics, probiotics, as well fecal transplantation, potentially permit development novel strategies for therapy improve clinical outcomes. Herein, we summarize latest evidence involvement immunity metabolism, effects immune response, modulate microbiome, discuss ongoing studies future areas research that deserve focused efforts.

Language: Английский

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Intratumoral microbiota: roles in cancer initiation, development and therapeutic efficacy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

Abstract Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other eukaryotes, play critical roles in human health. An altered microbiome can be associated with complex diseases. Intratumoral microbial components are found multiple tumor tissues closely correlated cancer initiation development therapy efficacy. The intratumoral microbiota may contribute to promotion of the progression cancers by DNA mutations, activating carcinogenic pathways, promoting chronic inflammation, complement system, initiating metastasis. Moreover, not only enhance antitumor immunity via mechanisms STING signaling activation, T NK cell TLS production, microbiota-derived antigen presenting, but also decrease immune responses promote through pathways upregulation ROS, an anti-inflammatory environment, inactivation, immunosuppression. effect on is dependent composition, crosstalk between cancer, status cancers. regulate physiology response different β-catenin, TLR, ERK, NF-κB, STING, among others. These viewpoints help identify as diagnosis or prognosis evaluation cancers, new therapeutic strategy potential targets for therapy.

Language: Английский

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Oral–Gut Microbiome Axis in Gastrointestinal Disease and Cancer

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 2124 - 2124

Published: April 28, 2021

It is well-known that microbiota dysbiosis closely associated with numerous diseases in the human body. The oral cavity and gut are two largest microbial habitats, playing a major role microbiome-associated diseases. Even though continuous regions connected through gastrointestinal tract, microbiome profiles well-segregated due to oral-gut barrier. However, can translocate intestinal mucosa conditions of barrier dysfunction. Inversely, gut-to-oral transmission occurs as well inter- intrapersonal manners. Recently, it has been reported microbiomes interdependently regulate physiological functions pathological processes. Oral-to-gut transmissions shape and/or reshape ecosystem both eventually modulating pathogenesis disease. interaction underappreciated date. Here, we will highlight crosstalk its implications disease cancer. Better understanding axis be advantageous for precise diagnosis/prognosis effective treatment.

Language: Английский

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Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Origin, Polarization, Function, and Reprogramming

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Jan. 11, 2021

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy. PDAC only cured by surgical resection in its early stage, but there remains relatively high possibility of recurrence. The development closely associated with the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one most abundant immune cell populations pancreatic stroma. TAMs inclined to M2 deviation microenvironment, which promotes and supports behaviors, including tumorigenesis, escape, metastasis, chemotherapeutic resistance. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed latest researches on origin, polarization, functions, reprogramming PDAC.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota in Tumors: From Understanding to Application

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(21)

Published: May 23, 2022

Microbes with complex functions have been found to be a potential component in tumor microenvironments. Due their low biomass and other obstacles, intratumor microbiota is poorly understood. Mucosal sites normal adjacent tissues are important sources of microbiota, while hematogenous spread also leads the invasion microbes. Intratumor affects progression tumors through several mechanisms, such as DNA damage, activation oncogenic pathways, induction immunosuppression, metabolization drugs. Notably, different types tumors, composition abundance highly heterogeneous may play roles tumors. Because concern this field, techniques omics immunological methods used study microbiota. Here, recent progress field reviewed, including related heterogeneity. Techniques that can discussed. Moreover, research summarized into development strategies antitumor treatment prospects for possible future field.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome: what the oncologist ought to know

British Journal of Cancer, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 125(9), P. 1197 - 1209

Published: July 14, 2021

The gut microbiome (GM) has been implicated in a vast number of human pathologies and become focus oncology research over the past 5 years. normal microbiota imparts specific function host nutrient metabolism, xenobiotic drug maintenance structural integrity mucosal barrier, immunomodulation protection against pathogens. Strong evidence is emerging to support effects GM on development some malignancies but also responses cancer therapies, most notably, immune checkpoint inhibition. Tools for manipulating including dietary modification, probiotics faecal transfer (FMT) are development. Current understandings many complex interrelationships between GM, cancer, system, nutrition medication ultimately based combination short-term clinical trials observational studies, paired with an ever-evolving understanding biology. next generation personalised therapies focusses molecular phenotypic heterogeneity, tumour evolution status; it distinctly possible that will increasingly central amongst them. aim this review provide clinicians overview science our current role plays cancer.

Language: Английский

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Tumor microbiome links cellular programs and immunity in pancreatic cancer

Cancer Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 40(10), P. 1240 - 1253.e5

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Current understanding of plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles in regulating the inflammatory response and immune system microenvironment

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 190, P. 106733 - 106733

Published: March 15, 2023

Natural compounds are widely used to prevent and treat various diseases due their antioxidant anti-inflammatory effects. As a kind of promising natural compound, plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) extracted from multivesicular bodies edible plants, including vegetables, foods, fruits, mainly regulate the cellular immune response pathogen attacks. Moreover, PELNs could remarkably interfere with dynamic imbalance between pro-inflammatory effects, facilitating maintain homeostasis microenvironment. may serve as better alternative animal-derived exosomes (ADEs) owing widespread sources, cost-effectiveness, easy accessibility. can mediate interspecies communication by transferring cargoes such proteins, lipids, nucleic acids plant cells mammalian cells. This review summarizes biogenesis, composition, classification exosomes; common separation, purification, characterization methods PELNs, potential advantages over ADEs; immunomodulatory functions in colitis, cancer, inflammation-associated metabolic diseases. Additionally, future perspectives challenges associated clinical application discussed.

Language: Английский

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Drug-microbiota interactions: an emerging priority for precision medicine

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Oct. 9, 2023

Abstract Individual variability in drug response (IVDR) can be a major cause of adverse reactions (ADRs) and prolonged therapy, resulting substantial health economic burden. Despite extensive research pharmacogenomics regarding the impact individual genetic background on pharmacokinetics (PK) pharmacodynamics (PD), diversity explains only limited proportion IVDR. The role gut microbiota, also known as second genome, its metabolites modulating therapeutic outcomes human diseases have been highlighted by recent studies. Consequently, burgeoning field pharmacomicrobiomics aims to explore correlation between microbiota variation IVDR or ADRs. This review presents an up-to-date overview intricate interactions classical agents for systemic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular (CVDs), endocrine others. We summarise how directly indirectly, modify absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) drugs. Conversely, drugs modulate composition function leading changes microbial metabolism immune response. discuss practical challenges, strategies, opportunities this field, emphasizing critical need develop innovative approach multi-omics, integrate various data types, genomic data, well translate lab into clinical practice. To sum up, represents promising avenue address improve patient outcomes, further is imperative unlock full potential precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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