Methods, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: March 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Biomarker Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)
Published: Sept. 27, 2024
Abstract Cells, as the fundamental units of life, contain multidimensional spatiotemporal information. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is revolutionizing biomedical science by analyzing cellular state and intercellular heterogeneity. Undoubtedly, single-cell transcriptomics has emerged one most vibrant research fields today. With optimization innovation technologies, intricate details concealed within cells are gradually unveiled. The combination scRNA-seq other multi-omics at forefront field. This involves simultaneously measuring various omics data individual cells, expanding our understanding across a broader spectrum dimensions. precisely captures aspects transcriptomes, immune repertoire, spatial information, temporal epitopes, in diverse contexts. In addition to depicting cell atlas normal or diseased tissues, it also provides cornerstone for studying differentiation development patterns, disease heterogeneity, drug resistance mechanisms, treatment strategies. Herein, we review traditional technologies outline latest advancements multi-omics. We summarize current status challenges applying biological clinical applications. Finally, discuss limitations potential strategies address them.
Language: Английский
Citations
21
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14
Published: Jan. 20, 2025
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines offer an adaptable and scalable platform for cancer immunotherapy, requiring optimal design to elicit a robust targeted immune response. Recent advancements in bioinformatics artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly enhanced the design, prediction, optimization of mRNA vaccines. This paper reviews technologies that streamline vaccine development, from genomic sequencing lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation. We discuss how accurate predictions neoantigen structures guide sequences effectively target cells. Furthermore, we examine AI-driven approaches optimize mRNA-LNP formulations, enhancing delivery stability. These technological innovations not only improve but also enhance pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics, offering promising avenues personalized immunotherapy.
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)
Published: Feb. 25, 2025
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are central to tumor progression, metastasis, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. Characterized by remarkable self-renewal adaptability, CSCs can transition dynamically between stem-like differentiated states in response external stimuli, a process termed "CSC plasticity." This adaptability underpins their resilience therapies, including checkpoint inhibitors adoptive cell therapies (ACT). Beyond intrinsic properties, reside specialized microenvironment—the CSC niche—which provides immune-privileged protection, sustains stemness, fosters suppression. review highlights the critical role of niche driving immunotherapy resistance, emphasizing need for integrative approaches overcome these challenges.
Language: Английский
Citations
2
Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16
Published: March 21, 2025
Immunotherapy has emerged as a preeminent force in the domain of cancer therapeutics and achieved remarkable breakthroughs. Nevertheless, high resistance become most substantial impediment restricting its clinical efficacy. Beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), light chain major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, plays an indispensable part by presenting tumor antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for exerting anti-tumor effects. Accumulating evidence indicates that B2M mutation/defect is one key mechanisms underlying immunotherapy resistance. Therefore, elucidating role played devising effective strategies battle against are pressing issues. This review will systematically expound upon them, aiming provide insight into potential promising target anticancer immune response.
Language: Английский
Citations
2
Experimental Hematology and Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1)
Published: Aug. 5, 2024
Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor macrophage (CAR-MΦ) represents a significant advancement in immunotherapy, especially for treating solid tumors where traditional CAR-T therapies face limitations. CAR-MΦ offers promising approach to target and eradicate tumor cells by utilizing macrophages’ phagocytic antigen-presenting abilities. However, challenges such as the complex microenvironment (TME), variability expression, immune suppression limit their efficacy. This review addresses these issues, exploring mechanisms of action, optimal construct designs, interactions within TME. It also delves into ex vivo manufacturing CAR-MΦ, discussing autologous allogeneic sources importance stringent quality control. The potential synergies integrating with existing cancer like checkpoint inhibitors conventional chemotherapeutics are examined highlight possible enhanced treatment outcomes. Furthermore, regulatory pathways scrutinized alongside established protocols cells, identifying unique considerations essential clinical trials market approval. Proposed safety monitoring frameworks aim manage adverse events, cytokine release syndrome, crucial patient safety. Consolidating current research insights, this seeks refine therapeutic applications, overcome barriers, suggest future directions transition from experimental platforms standard care options.
Language: Английский
Citations
12
Antibody Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 68 - 85
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Abstract Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) involves the targeted delivery of a photosensitizer through antibody conjugation, which, upon binding to its cellular target and activation by external irradiation, induces localized toxicity. This approach addresses several limitations conventional cancer therapies, such as chemo- radiotherapies, which result in off-target effects that significantly reduce patient quality life. Furthermore, PIT improves on challenges encountered with photodynamic therapy (PDT), nonspecific localization photosensitizer, often results unintended toxicities. Although was first proposed early 1980s, clinical applications have been constrained engineering, conjugation chemistries, optical technologies. However, recent advances antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) research emergence sophisticated laser technologies greatly benefited broader applicability PIT. Notably, near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) treatment for head neck has approved Japan is currently phase III trials USA. A significant advantage over traditional ADCs management agnostic nature PDT, making it more adaptable different tumor types. Specifically, can act stem cells displaying resistance aggressive phenotypes—a capability beyond scope alone. review provides an overview mechanism action NIR-PIT, highlighting adaptability application therapeutics, concludes exploring potential advancing treatments.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 27, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 283 - 283
Published: Feb. 12, 2025
Tumor treatment has undergone revolutionary changes with the development of immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors. Because not all patients respond positively to therapeutic agents, and severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are frequently observed, biomarkers evaluating response a patient is key for application immunotherapy in wider range. Recently, various multi-omics features measured by high-throughput technologies, such as tumor mutation burden (TMB), gene expression profiles, DNA methylation have been proved be sensitive accurate predictors immunotherapy. A large number predictive models based on these features, utilizing traditional machine learning or deep frameworks, also proposed. In this review, we aim cover recent advances predicting using features. These include new measurements, research cohorts, data sources, models. Key findings emphasize importance TMB, neoantigens, MSI, mutational signatures ICI responses. The integration bulk single-cell RNA sequencing enhanced our understanding microenvironment enabled identification like PD-L1 IFN-γ signatures. Public datasets improved tools. However, challenges remain, need diverse clinical datasets, standardization data, model interpretability. Future will require collaboration among researchers, clinicians, scientists address issues enhance cancer precision.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16
Published: March 3, 2025
Immunotherapy for cancer has made significant strides in the last several years. The prognosis patients significantly improved as a result, particularly hematological diseases. However, it was discovered that translating these achievements to solid tumors proved challenging. peptide-loading complex (PLC), temporary multisubunit membrane assembly endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is crucial initiating hierarchical immune response. Chaperones calreticulin and tapasin make up PLC, unique class I glycoproteins, thiooxido-reductase ERp57, transporter associated with antigen processing. loading editing of major histocompatibility (MHC-I) molecules peptide translocation into ER are synchronized by PLC. One escape strategies revealed so far changes expression MHC molecules. This because antigens presenting T-lymphocytes controlling NK cell activity. Furthermore, decreased MHC-I been linked malignancies resistant T-cell-based immunotherapies (adoptive transfer antitumor CD8 T-cells or checkpoint inhibition). PLC essential T-cell priming, differentiation, tumor growth control can bind wide range allomorphs. In this review, we have looked PLC’s function effects all forms improve therapy techniques.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Cancer Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(7), P. 791 - 832
Published: June 23, 2024
Phagocytosis, a vital defense mechanism, involves the recognition and elimination of foreign substances by cells. Phagocytes, such as neutrophils macrophages, rapidly respond to invaders; macrophages are especially important in later stages immune response. They detect "find me" signals locate apoptotic cells migrate toward them. Apoptotic then send "eat that recognized phagocytes via specific receptors. "Find can be strategically harnessed modulate antitumor immunity support cancer therapy. These signals, calreticulin phosphatidylserine, mediate potent pro-phagocytic effects, thereby promoting engulfment dying or their remnants neutrophils, dendritic inducing tumor cell death. This review summarizes phagocytic including concepts, signaling mechanisms, involved ligands, functions. Furthermore, we delineate relationships between molecules tumors, roles these initiation, progression, diagnosis, patient prognosis. The interplay with biology is elucidated, approaches enhance explored. Additionally, novel therapeutic strategies combine better bridge innate adaptive treatment patients discussed.
Language: Английский
Citations
8