Trends in insulin resistance: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic strategy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: July 6, 2022

The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes from a fatal diagnosis into medically manageable chronic condition. Insulin is key peptide hormone and mediates the systemic glucose metabolism in different tissues. resistance (IR) disordered biological response for stimulation through disruption molecular pathways target Acquired conditions genetic factors have been implicated IR. Recent biochemical studies suggest that dysregulated metabolic mediators released by adipose tissue including adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, excess lipids toxic lipid metabolites promote IR other associated with several groups abnormal syndromes include obesity, diabetes, dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), abnormalities. Although no medication specifically approved treat IR, we summarized lifestyle changes pharmacological medications used as efficient intervention improve sensitivity. Ultimately, systematic discussion complex mechanism will help identify potential new targets closely

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular Risk and Statin Therapy Considerations in Women

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 483 - 483

Published: July 16, 2020

Despite major progress in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, women remain an underdiagnosed insufficiently treated group, with higher hospitalization death rates compared to men. Obesity, more frequently encountered women, raises risk metabolic syndrome diseases as age. There are some differences based on sex regarding screening, diagnosis, dyslipidemia, it has been observed that less prescribed statins and, when they are, receive lower doses, even after myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization. Real-life data show that, men, at non-adherence statin predisposed discontinue because side effects. Statin metabolism particularities due a glomerular filtration rate, body fat percentage, overall faster metabolism. In fertile age, before initiating treatment, contraception methods should be discussed may have teratogenic Older likelihood polypharmacy, greater potential for drug interactions prescribing statin.

Language: Английский

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Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases: a nationwide population‐based cohort study

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 452 - 459

Published: Sept. 8, 2022

Accumulating evidence suggests a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases among individuals with mental disorders, but very little is known about the overall and specific groups of in people attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated prospective associations between ADHD wide range adults. In nationwide population-based cohort study, identified 5,389,519 adults born 1941 1983, without pre-existing diseases, from Swedish registers. The study period was January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2013. Incident disease events were according ICD codes. Hazard ratios (HR) 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression model, as time-varying exposure. After an average 11.80 years follow-up, 38.05% versus 23.57% those had at least one diagnosis (p<0.0001). significantly associated increased any (HR=2.05, CI: 1.98-2.13) after adjusting sex year birth. Further adjustments education level, birth country, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, sleep problems heavy smoking attenuated association, which however remained significant (HR=1.84, 1.77-1.91). adjustment psychiatric comorbidities could not fully explain association (HR=1.65, 1.59-1.71). strongest found cardiac arrest (HR=2.28, 1.81-2.87), hemorrhagic stroke (HR=2.16, 1.68-2.77), peripheral vascular disease/arteriosclerosis 1.76-2.38). Stronger observed males younger adults, while comparable or psychotropic medications family history diseases. These data suggest that independent factor They highlight importance carefully monitoring health developing age-appropriate individualized strategies reduce ADHD.

Language: Английский

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Soluble Fiber Supplementation and Serum Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 465 - 474

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

To present a comprehensive synthesis of the effect soluble fiber supplementation on blood lipid parameters in adults, systematic search was undertaken PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web Science relevant articles published before November 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating effects fibers lipids adults were included. We estimated change for each 5 g/d increment trial then calculated mean difference (MD) 95% CI using random-effects model. dose-dependent dose-response meta-analysis differences means. The risk bias certainty evidence evaluated Cochrane tool Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development, Evaluation methodology, respectively. A total 181 RCTs with 220 treatment arms (14,505 participants: 7348 cases 7157 controls) There significant reduction LDL cholesterol (MD: -8.28 mg/dL, CI: -11.38, -5.18), (TC) -10.82 -12.98, -8.67), TGs -5.55 -10.31, -0.79), apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) -44.99 mg/L, -62.87, -27.12) after overall analysis. Each increase had TC -6.11 -7.61, -4.61) -5.57 mg/dl, -7.44, -3.69). In large RCTs, results suggest that could contribute to management dyslipidemia cardiovascular disease risk.

Language: Английский

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Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

JCPP Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(3)

Published: April 5, 2023

Abstract Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co‐occurs with other psychiatric and physical diseases. However, available evidence on associations between ADHD cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is mixed. To systematically review, quantitatively synthesize, appraise the link CVDs, we searched relevant articles in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science from inception to May 1, 2022. Study quality was assessed by using Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale, random‐effects model meta‐analyses were performed. A total 18,391,169 (ADHD: n = 421,224) individuals 11 studies included our systematic review 8,196,648 (ADHD 332,619) five main meta‐analysis adjusted estimates. Pooled estimates showed that significantly associated an increased risk CVDs analyses based effect size (odds ratio (OR) 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–2.23, Q 140.74, P < 0.001, I 2 97.2%). When restricted among adults, heterogeneity declined null (OR 1.73; CI 1.14–2.62, 6.28, 0.10, 6.28%), suggesting age might be source heterogeneity. In subgroup analyses, found across groups, type data sources. This indicate for but further various study designs are warranted advance understanding underlying mechanisms observed association CVDs. Additional research also needed resolve role medications which remains unclear due limited number primary exploring this issue.

Language: Английский

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Artificial intelligence in preventive cardiology

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Machine learning algorithms for predictive modeling of dyslipidemia-associated cardiovascular disease risk in pregnancy: a comparison of boosting, random forest, and decision tree regression

Bulletin of the National Research Centre/Bulletin of the National Research Center, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 49(1)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are major contributors to maternal mortality and morbidity during pregnancy increased atherogenic index of plasma levels is associated with a higher risk CVD obesity. Methods In this study, we utilized three different machine learning algorithms (boosting, random forest, decision tree regression) predict dyslipidemia-associated cardiovascular disease using lipid profile parameters based on cross-sectional study datasets 112 pregnant women aged between 15 49 conducted at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Results The results showed that forest regression outperformed both boosting regression, recording the lowest error criteria (MSE = 0.071 RMSE 0.266) for evaluating model. These findings indicated all have potential effectively model data from indices but were found outperform models respective R 2 values 0.95 0.92. Conclusions Overall, highlights accuracy (random boosting, trees) in predicting could contribute development effective strategies prevention treatment diseases.

Language: Английский

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Joint association of TyG index and LDL-C with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients with cardio-renal-metabolic disease

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Both triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are independent risk factors for long-term prognosis among patients with cardio-renal-metabolic (CRM) disease. However, the co-exposures TyG index LDL-C to mortality is unclear. The aim this study investigate joint effects stratification on all-cause cardiovascular in CRM patients. We analyzed from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (1999–2018), calculating Ln[fasting triglyceride (mg/dL)×fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2] using multivariable Cox regression models assess mortality. interaction between was also evaluated. During median follow-up 7.6 years, 22.8% 8.4% died causes, respectively. Among < 2.6 mmol/L, no significant differences were observed when comparing higher lowest tertile (T1). Specifically, hazard ratio (HR) second (T2) third tertiles (T3) 0.81 (95% confidence interval(CI): 0.59–1.09) 0.87 (95%CI: 0.62–1.22), respectively, P trend 0.468. For mortality, HR T2 T3 compared T1 0.80 0.48–1.32) 0.72 0.45–1.15), 0.173. elevated related markedly increased ≥ mmol/L. 1.01 0.79–1.28) 1.38 1.07–1.79), 0.009. 1.09 CI: 0.72–1.65) 1.80 1.18–2.75) T3, 0.005. Interactive analysis demonstrated that association (P = 0.011) 0.050) observed. findings highlight can significantly increase only but not

Language: Английский

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Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperlipidemia Status Among Hypertensive Patients in the Community and Influencing Factors Analysis of Blood Pressure Control

Journal of Clinical Hypertension, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract To evaluate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hyperlipidemia in hypertensive patients South China assess relationship between these comorbidities blood pressure control to develop targeted strategies for hypertension management. Data from 2020 Guangzhou National Basic Public Health Service Program were analyzed using Chi‐square tests, t ‐tests, logistic regression with R 4.1.2. Among 275,789 patients, rate was 51.51%. The T2DM 12.79%, 12.78% alone, 33.54% 40.89% no comorbidities. Blood rates significantly differed by comorbidity ( p < 0.05): 52.84% those without T2DM/hyperlipidemia, 54.18%, 49.25% or 50.52% both conditions. Multivariate analysis indicated a lower alone (OR = 1.144) 1.082), higher 0.936). Subgroup revealed that males, older age, education, obesity, alcohol use, lack physical activity, poor medication adherence associated rates. This study found high among Guangzhou. Additionally, had poorer compared other diabetic patients. Key factors such as being overweight, unhealthy lifestyle choices impact management this population. Therefore, comprehensive measures should be implemented integrate lipid into community health efforts effectively levels

Language: Английский

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Association between Heavy Metal Exposure and Dyslipidemia among Korean Adults: From the Korean National Environmental Health Survey, 2015–2017

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. 3181 - 3181

Published: March 8, 2022

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in Korea. Dyslipidemia, characterized by the presence abnormal lipid levels, has been suggested as an early diagnostic and preventable factor for CVD. Recent studies have shown that exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) affects metabolism. This study aimed verify association between heavy metal concentrations serum profiles general population. A representative sample 2591 Korean adults from National Environmental Health Survey (2015–2017) was analyzed. The associations metals [Blood Pb (BPb), blood Hg (BHg), urinary (UHg), Cd (UCd)] [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), non-low level high-density (Non-HDL-C)] were assessed using regression analysis. After adjusting demographic socioeconomic factors, proportional changes levels significantly associated with increases BPb, BHg, UHg (p trend < 0.05). Overall, Uhg positively correlated dyslipidemia, whereas UCd did not show significant association. Our results suggest exposure, at low may contribute increased prevalence dyslipidemia adults.

Language: Английский

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