Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Feb. 21, 2024
Abstract
Inflammation-associated
diseases
encompass
a
range
of
infectious
and
non-infectious
inflammatory
diseases,
which
continuously
pose
one
the
most
serious
threats
to
human
health,
attributed
factors
such
as
emergence
new
pathogens,
increasing
drug
resistance,
changes
in
living
environments
lifestyles,
aging
population.
Despite
rapid
advancements
mechanistic
research
development
for
these
current
treatments
often
have
limited
efficacy
notable
side
effects,
necessitating
more
effective
targeted
anti-inflammatory
therapies.
In
recent
years,
nanotechnology
has
provided
crucial
technological
support
prevention,
treatment,
detection
inflammation-associated
diseases.
Various
types
nanoparticles
(NPs)
play
significant
roles,
serving
vaccine
vehicles
enhance
immunogenicity
carriers
improve
targeting
bioavailability.
NPs
can
also
directly
combat
pathogens
inflammation.
addition,
facilitated
biosensors
pathogen
imaging
techniques
This
review
categorizes
characterizes
different
NPs,
summarizes
their
applications
It
discusses
challenges
associated
with
clinical
translation
this
field
explores
latest
developments
prospects.
conclusion,
opens
up
possibilities
comprehensive
management
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(18)
Published: Jan. 15, 2024
Abstract
Mitochondria,
widely
known
as
the
energy
factories
of
eukaryotic
cells,
have
a
myriad
vital
functions
across
diverse
cellular
processes.
Dysfunctions
within
mitochondria
serve
catalysts
for
various
diseases,
prompting
widespread
demise.
Mounting
research
on
remedying
damaged
indicates
that
constitute
valuable
target
therapeutic
intervention
against
diseases.
But
less
clinical
practice
and
lower
recovery
rate
imply
limitation
traditional
drugs,
which
need
further
breakthrough.
Nanotechnology
has
approached
favorable
regiospecific
biodistribution
high
efficacy
by
capitalizing
excellent
nanomaterials
targeting
drug
delivery.
Mitochondria‐remedying
nanodrugs
achieved
ideal
effects.
This
review
elucidates
significance
in
cells
organs,
while
also
compiling
mortality
data
related
Correspondingly,
nanodrug‐mediate
strategies
applicable
mitochondria‐remedying
disease
are
detailed,
with
full
understanding
roles
dysfunction
advantages
nanodrugs.
In
addition,
future
challenges
directions
discussed.
conclusion,
this
provides
comprehensive
insights
into
design
development
nanodrugs,
aiming
to
help
scientists
who
desire
extend
their
fields
engage
interdisciplinary
subject.
Neurotherapeutics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
21(4), P. e00368 - e00368
Published: April 30, 2024
In
the
context
of
stroke
and
revascularization
therapy,
brain
ischemia-reperfusion
injury
is
a
significant
challenge
that
leads
to
oxidative
stress
inflammation.
Central
cell's
intrinsic
immunity
cGAS-STING
pathway,
which
typically
activated
by
unusual
DNA
structures.
The
involvement
oxidized
mitochondrial
(ox-mtDNA)-an
byproduct-in
this
type
neurological
damage
has
not
been
fully
explored.
This
study
among
first
examine
effect
ox-mtDNA
on
innate
neurons
following
injury.
Using
rat
model
transient
middle
cerebral
artery
occlusion
cellular
oxygen-glucose
deprivation/reoxygenation,
we
have
discovered
activates
pathway
in
neurons.
Importantly,
pharmacologically
limiting
release
into
cytoplasm
reduces
inflammation
improves
functions.
Our
findings
suggest
targeting
may
be
valuable
strategy
attenuate
therapy
for
acute
ischemic
stroke.
Nano Convergence,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: April 30, 2024
Ischemia-reperfusion
injury
(IRI)
poses
significant
challenges
across
various
organ
systems,
including
the
heart,
brain,
and
kidneys.
Exosomes
have
shown
great
potentials
applications
in
mitigating
IRI-induced
cell
tissue
damage
through
modulating
inflammatory
responses,
enhancing
angiogenesis,
promoting
repair.
Despite
these
advances,
a
more
systematic
understanding
of
exosomes
from
different
sources
their
biotransport
is
critical
for
optimizing
therapeutic
efficacy
accelerating
clinical
adoption
IRI
therapies.
Therefore,
this
review
article
overviews
administration
routes
sources,
such
as
mesenchymal
stem
cells
other
somatic
cells,
context
treatment.
Furthermore,
covers
how
delivered
modulate
molecular
pathways
recipient
aiding
prevention
death
promotions
regeneration
models.
In
end,
discusses
ongoing
research
efforts
propose
future
directions
exosome-based
Molecular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
30(1)
Published: June 5, 2024
Abstract
Background
Ischemic
stroke
presents
a
significant
threat
to
human
health
due
its
high
disability
rate
and
mortality.
Currently,
the
clinical
treatment
drug,
rt-PA,
has
narrow
therapeutic
window
carries
risk
of
bleeding.
There
is
an
urgent
need
find
new
effective
drugs
for
ischemic
stroke.
Icariin
(ICA),
key
ingredient
in
traditional
Chinese
medicine
Epimedium,
undergoes
metabolism
vivo
produce
Icaritin
(ICT).
While
ICA
been
reported
inhibit
neuronal
apoptosis
after
cerebral
ischemia-reperfusion
(I/R),
yet
underlying
mechanism
remains
unclear.
Methods
PC-12
cells
were
treated
with
200
µM
H
2
O
8
h
establish
vitro
model
oxidative
damage.
After
administration
ICT,
cell
viability
was
detected
by
Thiazolyl
blue
tetrazolium
Bromide
(MTT)
assay,
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
level,
mPTP
status
mitochondrial
membrane
potential
(MMP)
flow
cytometry
immunofluorescence.
Apoptosis
permeability
transition
pore
(mPTP)
related
proteins
assessed
Western
blotting.
Middle
artery
occlusion
(MCAO)
used
I/R
injury
vivo.
ICA,
neurological
function
scored
ZeaLonga
socres;
infarct
volume
observed
2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium
chloride
(TTC)
staining;
HE
Nissl
staining
detect
pathological
state
cortex;
expression
changes
Results
In
vitro:
ICT
effectively
improved
-induced
through
decreasing
ROS
inhibiting
opening
apoptosis.
addition,
protective
effects
not
enhanced
when
it
co-treated
inhibitor
Cyclosporin
A
(CsA),
but
reversed
combined
activator
Lonidamine
(LND).
vivo:
Rats
MCAO
shown
cortical
32–40%,
severe
impairment,
while
obviously
increased.
Those
damage
caused
CsA.
Conclusions
improves
opening,
making
candidate
drug
Graphical
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: July 4, 2024
The
therapeutic
strategies
for
acute
ischemic
stroke
were
faced
with
substantial
constraints,
emphasizing
the
necessity
to
safeguard
neuronal
cells
during
cerebral
ischemia
reduce
neurological
impairments
and
enhance
recovery
outcomes.
Despite
its
potential
as
a
neuroprotective
agent
in
treatment,
Chikusetsu
saponin
IVa
encounters
numerous
challenges
clinical
application.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
313, P. 116597 - 116597
Published: May 3, 2023
The
combination
of
Alisma
and
Atractylodes
(AA),
a
classical
traditional
Chinese
herbal
decoction,
may
protect
against
cerebral
ischaemia/reperfusion
injury
(CIRI).
However,
the
underlying
mechanism
has
not
been
characterized.
Intriguingly,
exosomal
microRNAs
(miRNAs)
have
recognized
as
vital
factors
in
pharmacology
decoctions.The
aim
present
study
was
to
assess
whether
neuroprotective
effect
AA
dependent
on
efficient
transfer
miRNAs
via
exosomes
brain.Bilateral
common
carotid
artery
ligation
(BCAL)
used
induce
transient
global
(GCI/R)
C57BL/6
mice
treated
with/without
AA.
Neurological
deficits
were
assessed
with
modified
neurological
severity
score
(mNSS)
Morris
water
maze
(MWM)
test.
Western
blot
(WB)
analysis
detect
expression
sirtuin
1
(SIRT1)
cortex.
inflammatory
state
quantitatively
evaluated
by
measuring
phospho-Nuclear
factor
kappa
B
(p-NF-κB),
Interleukin-1β
(IL-1β)
tumor
necrosis
factor-α
(TNF-α)
using
WB
glial
fibrillary
acidic
protein
(GFAP)
immunohistochemical
staining.
zonula
occluden-1
(ZO-1),
occludin,
caudin-5
CD31
examined
staining
determine
blood‒brain
barrier
(BBB)
permeability.
Exosomes
extracted
from
brain
interstitial
space
ultracentrifugation
identified
transmission
electron
microscopy
(TEM),
nanoparticle
tracking
(NTA).
origin
clarified
specific
mRNAs
within
Real
Time
Quantitative
PCR
(RT‒qPCR).
Differential
microarray
screening
validated
RT‒qPCR.
labelled
fluorescent
dye
(PKH26)
incubated
bEnd.3
cells,
supernatant
collected,
IL-1β/TNF-α
measured
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
(ELISA),
total
RNA
extracted,
miR-200a-3p/141-3p
In
addition,
levels
oxygen
glucose
deprivation/reoxygenation
(OGD/R)-induced
cells
quantified.
direct
interaction
between
SIRT1
3'
untranslated
region
(3'UTR)
determining
transfected
mimic/inhibitor.Severe
memory
loss
caused
GCI/R
markedly
ameliorated
treatment,
particularly
medium-dose
group.
Moreover,
AA-treated
GCI/R-induced
showed
significant
increases
SIRT1,
ZO-1,
caudin-5,
decreases
p-NF-κB,
IL-1β,
TNF-α,
GFAP
compared
those
untreated
mice.
Furthermore,
we
found
that
enriched
astrocyte-derived
could
be
inhibited
treatment
medium
dose
mediated
into
promoted
IL-1β
TNF-α
release
downregulated
SIRT1.
No
changes
observed
OGD/R-induced
cells.
mimic/inhibitor
decreased/increased
respectively.Our
findings
demonstrated
attenuated
inflammation-mediated
CIRI
inhibiting
targeting
gene,
which
provided
further
evidence
novel
regulatory
for
effects
Medical Review,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
3(1), P. 49 - 74
Published: Feb. 1, 2023
Abstract
Ferritin
is
an
endogenous
protein
which
self-assembled
by
24
subunits
into
a
highly
uniform
nanocage
structure.
Due
to
the
drug-encapsulating
ability
in
hollow
inner
cavity
and
abundant
modification
sites
on
outer
surface,
ferritin
has
been
demonstrated
great
potential
become
multi-functional
nanomedicine
platform.
Its
good
biocompatibility,
low
toxicity
immunogenicity,
intrinsic
tumor-targeting
ability,
high
stability,
cost
massive
production,
together
make
stand
out
from
other
nanocarriers.
In
this
review,
we
summarized
ferritin-based
field
of
disease
diagnosis,
treatment
prevention.
The
different
types
drugs
be
loaded
ferritin,
as
well
drug-loading
methods
were
classified.
strategies
for
site-specific
non-specific
functional
investigated,
then
application
imaging,
drug
delivery
vaccine
development
discussed.
Finally,
challenges
restricting
clinical
translation
nanomedicines
analyzed.
Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(12)
Published: Dec. 19, 2023
Abstract
Microglia
play
a
pivotal
role
in
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
homeostasis,
acting
as
housekeepers
and
defenders
of
surrounding
environment.
These
cells
can
elicit
their
functions
by
shifting
into
two
main
phenotypes:
pro‐inflammatory
classical
phenotype,
M1,
anti‐inflammatory
alternative
M2.
Despite
CNS
microglia
phenotypes
influence
development
progression
several
disorders
such
Alzheimer's
disease,
Parkinson's
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis,
multiple
ischemic
stroke,
traumatic
brain
injuries,
even
cancer.
It
is
thus
clear
that
possibility
modulating
activation
has
gained
attention
therapeutic
tool
against
many
pathologies.
Nanomaterials
are
an
unprecedented
for
manipulating
responses,
particular,
to
specifically
target
situ
immunomodulation
activity.
This
review
focuses
discussion
on
aspects:
analyzing
using
nanomaterials
stimulate
response
cancer
introducing
nanostructures
able
foster
treating
neurodegenerative
disorders.
The
final
aim
analysis
new
nano‐immunomodulators,
paving
way
innovative
effective
approaches
treatment
