Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: Dec. 16, 2022
RNA
is
a
vital
biomolecule,
the
function
of
which
tightly
spatiotemporally
regulated.
organelles
are
biological
structures
that
either
membrane-less
or
surrounded
by
membrane.
They
produced
all
cells
and
indulge
in
cellular
mechanisms.
include
intracellular
granules
extracellular
exosomes.
play
an
essential
role
regulation
localization,
stability
translation.
Aberrant
connected
to
disease
development.
For
example,
microsatellite
diseases
such
as
CXG
repeat
expansion
disorders,
mutant
RNA’s
localization
affected.
not
only
transported
intracellularly
but
can
also
be
between
via
The
loading
exosomes
regulated
RNA-protein
complexes,
recent
studies
show
cytosolic
share
common
content.
Intracellular
exosome
may
therefore
related.
Exosomes
transfer
pathogenic
molecules
from
cell
cell,
thereby
driving
progression.
Both
vesicles
serve
source
for
diagnostic
treatment
strategies.
In
therapeutic
approaches,
pharmaceutical
agents
loaded
into
then
transport
them
desired
cells/tissues.
This
promising
target
specific
strategy
with
few
side
effects.
With
respect
diagnostics,
disease-specific
content
exosomes,
e.g.,
RNA-signatures,
attractive
biomarker
central
nervous
system
detecting
early
physiological
disturbances,
even
before
symptoms
neurodegeneration
appear
irreparable
damage
occurs.
this
review,
we
summarize
known
cytoplasmic
vesicles,
well
their
dysfunction
disorders.
We
provide
summary
established
protocols
isolation
characterization
both
organelles.
Biology Direct,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: Nov. 14, 2022
Abstract
Background
Small
extracellular
vesicles
(sEVs)
are
emerging
natural
nanoplatforms
in
cancer
diagnosis
and
therapy,
through
the
incorporation
of
signal
components
or
drugs
their
structure.
However,
for
translation
into
clinical
field,
there
is
still
a
lack
tools
that
enable
deeper
understanding
vivo
pharmacokinetics
interactions
with
cells
tumor
microenvironment.
In
this
study,
we
have
designed
dual-sEV
probe
based
on
radioactive
fluorescent
labeling
goat
milk
sEVs.
Results
The
imaging
nanoprobe
was
tested
vitro
model
glioblastoma.
assessment
uptake
dual
different
cell
populations
(RAW
264.7,
U87,
HeLa)
by
optical
nuclear
techniques
(gamma
counter,
confocal
imaging,
flow
cytometry)
revealed
highest
inflammatory
264.7),
followed
glioblastoma
U87
cells.
evaluation
pharmacokinetic
properties
nanoparticles
confirmed
blood
circulation
time
~
8
h
primarily
hepatobiliary
elimination.
diagnostic
capability
xenograft
model,
which
showed
intense
SEV-based
tissue.
Histological
enabled
quantification
tumor-associated
macrophages,
cancer-associated
fibroblasts
endothelial
Conclusions
We
developed
chemical
approach
This
methodology
enables
study
these
after
exogenous
administration.
would
be
promising
technology
powerful
tool
studying
biological
behavior
nanosystems
use
drug
delivery.
Graphical
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(11), P. 1282 - 1282
Published: Nov. 15, 2024
Milk-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(mEVs)
are
emerging
as
promising
therapeutic
candidates
due
to
their
unique
properties
and
versatile
functions.
These
play
a
crucial
role
in
immunomodulation
by
influencing
macrophage
differentiation
cytokine
production,
potentially
aiding
the
treatment
of
conditions
such
bone
loss,
fibrosis,
cancer.
mEVs
also
have
capacity
modulate
gut
microbiota
composition,
which
may
alleviate
symptoms
inflammatory
bowel
diseases
promote
intestinal
barrier
integrity.
Their
potential
drug
delivery
vehicles
is
significant,
enhancing
stability,
solubility,
bioavailability
anticancer
agents
while
supporting
wound
healing
reducing
inflammation.
Additionally,
bovine
exhibit
anti-aging
protect
skin
cells
from
UV
damage.
As
vaccine
platforms,
offer
advantages
including
biocompatibility,
antigen
protection,
ability
elicit
robust
immune
responses
through
targeted
specific
cells.
Despite
these
applications,
challenges
persist,
complex
roles
cancer,
effective
loading,
regulatory
hurdles,
need
for
standardized
production
methods.
Achieving
high
targeting
specificity
understanding
long-term
effects
mEV-based
therapies
essential
clinical
translation.
Ongoing
research
aims
optimize
mEV
methods,
enhance
capabilities,
conduct
rigorous
preclinical
studies.
By
addressing
challenges,
hold
revolutionize
development
delivery,
ultimately
improving
outcomes
across
various
medical
fields.
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: Dec. 16, 2022
RNA
is
a
vital
biomolecule,
the
function
of
which
tightly
spatiotemporally
regulated.
organelles
are
biological
structures
that
either
membrane-less
or
surrounded
by
membrane.
They
produced
all
cells
and
indulge
in
cellular
mechanisms.
include
intracellular
granules
extracellular
exosomes.
play
an
essential
role
regulation
localization,
stability
translation.
Aberrant
connected
to
disease
development.
For
example,
microsatellite
diseases
such
as
CXG
repeat
expansion
disorders,
mutant
RNA’s
localization
affected.
not
only
transported
intracellularly
but
can
also
be
between
via
The
loading
exosomes
regulated
RNA-protein
complexes,
recent
studies
show
cytosolic
share
common
content.
Intracellular
exosome
may
therefore
related.
Exosomes
transfer
pathogenic
molecules
from
cell
cell,
thereby
driving
progression.
Both
vesicles
serve
source
for
diagnostic
treatment
strategies.
In
therapeutic
approaches,
pharmaceutical
agents
loaded
into
then
transport
them
desired
cells/tissues.
This
promising
target
specific
strategy
with
few
side
effects.
With
respect
diagnostics,
disease-specific
content
exosomes,
e.g.,
RNA-signatures,
attractive
biomarker
central
nervous
system
detecting
early
physiological
disturbances,
even
before
symptoms
neurodegeneration
appear
irreparable
damage
occurs.
this
review,
we
summarize
known
cytoplasmic
vesicles,
well
their
dysfunction
disorders.
We
provide
summary
established
protocols
isolation
characterization
both
organelles.
