International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 19, P. 945 - 964
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Abstract:
The
active
metabolite
of
irinotecan
(CPT-11),
7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin
(SN38),
is
100–
1000
times
more
than
CPT-11
and
has
shown
inhibitory
effects
on
a
range
cancer
cells,
including
those
from
the
rectal,
small
cell
lung,
breast,
esophageal,
uterine,
ovarian
malignancies.
Despite
SN38's
potent
anticancer
properties,
its
hydrophobicity
pH
instability
have
caused
substantial
side
activity
loss,
which
make
it
difficult
to
use
in
clinical
settings.
To
solve
above
problems,
construction
SN38-based
drug
delivery
systems
one
most
feasible
methods
improve
solubility,
enhance
stability,
increase
targeting
ability,
bioavailability,
therapeutic
efficacy
reduce
adverse
reactions.
Therefore,
based
mechanism
systems,
this
paper
reviews
SN38
polymeric
micelles,
liposomal
nanoparticles,
protein
conjugated
targeted
by
aptamers
ligands,
antibody-drug
couplings,
magnetic
targeting,
photosensitive
redox-sensitive
multi-stimulus-responsive
co-loaded
systems.
focus
review
nanocarrier-based
We
hope
provide
reference
for
translation
application
novel
medications.
Keywords:
SN38,
system,
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Feb. 12, 2024
Abstract
Cancer
treatment
faces
many
hurdles
and
resistance
is
one
among
them.
Anti-cancer
strategies
are
evolving
due
to
innate
acquired
capacity,
governed
by
genetic,
epigenetic,
proteomic,
metabolic,
or
microenvironmental
cues
that
ultimately
enable
selected
cancer
cells
survive
progress
under
unfavorable
conditions.
Although
the
mechanism
of
drug
being
widely
studied
generate
new
target-based
drugs
with
better
potency
than
existing
ones.
However,
broader
flexibility
in
resistance,
advanced
therapeutic
options
efficacy
need
be
explored.
Combination
therapy
an
alternative
a
success
rate
though
risk
amplified
side
effects
commonplace.
Moreover,
recent
groundbreaking
precision
immune
ways
overcome
has
revolutionized
anticancer
greater
extent
only
limitation
individual-specific
needs
further
attention.
This
review
will
focus
on
challenges
opted
withstand
current
therapies
at
molecular
level
also
highlights
emerging
-like
immunological,
stem
cell-based
may
prove
have
potential
challenge
problem
resistance.
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(4), P. 1320 - 1320
Published: Feb. 19, 2023
Breast
cancer
is
the
most
common
cause
of
cancer-related
death
in
women
worldwide.
Multidrug
resistance
(MDR)
has
been
a
large
hurdle
reducing
BC
rates.
The
drug
mechanisms
include
increased
efflux,
enhanced
DNA
repair,
senescence
escape,
epigenetic
alterations,
tumor
heterogeneity,
microenvironment
(TME),
and
epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition
(EMT),
which
make
it
challenging
to
overcome.
This
review
aims
explain
further,
identify
viable
targets,
elucidate
how
those
targets
relate
progression
resistance.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(15), P. 12222 - 12222
Published: July 30, 2023
One
of
the
leading
causes
death
worldwide,
in
both
men
and
women,
is
cancer.
Despite
significant
development
therapeutic
strategies,
inevitable
emergence
drug
resistance
limits
success
impedes
curative
outcome.
Intrinsic
acquired
are
common
mechanisms
responsible
for
cancer
relapse.
Several
factors
crucially
regulate
tumourigenesis
resistance,
including
physical
barriers,
tumour
microenvironment
(TME),
heterogeneity,
genetic
epigenetic
alterations,
immune
system,
burden,
growth
kinetics
undruggable
targets.
Moreover,
transforming
factor-beta
(TGF-β),
Notch,
epidermal
factor
receptor
(EGFR),
integrin-extracellular
matrix
(ECM),
nuclear
kappa-light-chain-enhancer
activated
B
cells
(NF-κB),
phosphoinositol-3-kinase/protein
kinase
B/mammalian
target
rapamycin
(PI3K/Akt/mTOR),
wingless-related
integration
site
(Wnt/β-catenin),
Janus
kinase/signal
transducers
activators
transcription
(JAK/STAT)
RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated
protein
(MAPK)
signalling
pathways
some
key
players
that
have
a
pivotal
role
mechanisms.
To
guide
future
treatments
improve
results,
deeper
comprehension
necessary.
This
review
covers
intrinsic
gives
comprehensive
overview
recent
research
on
enable
to
bypass
barriers
put
up
by
treatments,
and,
like
“satellite
navigation”,
find
alternative
routes
which
carry
their
“journey”
progression.
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(6), P. 1897 - 1897
Published: March 22, 2023
First-line
cancer
treatments
successfully
eradicate
the
differentiated
tumour
mass
but
are
comparatively
ineffective
against
stem
cells
(CSCs),
a
self-renewing
subpopulation
thought
to
be
responsible
for
initiation,
metastasis,
heterogeneity,
and
recurrence.
CSCs
thus
presented
as
principal
target
elimination
during
treatment.
However,
challenging
drug
because
of
numerous
intrinsic
extrinsic
mechanisms
resistance.
One
such
mechanism
that
remains
relatively
understudied
is
DNA
damage
response
(DDR).
presumed
possess
properties
enable
enhanced
repair
efficiency
relative
their
highly
proliferative
bulk
progeny,
facilitating
improved
double-strand
breaks
induced
by
radiotherapy
most
chemotherapeutics.
This
can
occur
through
multiple
mechanisms,
including
increased
expression
splicing
fidelity
genes,
robust
activation
cell
cycle
checkpoints,
elevated
homologous
recombination-mediated
repair.
Herein,
we
summarise
current
knowledge
concerning
genome
integrity
in
non-transformed
CSCs,
discuss
therapeutic
opportunities
within
DDR
re-sensitising
genotoxic
stressors,
consider
challenges
posed
regarding
unbiased
identification
novel
DDR-directed
strategies
CSCs.
A
better
understanding
mediating
chemo/radioresistance
could
lead
approaches,
thereby
enhancing
treatment
efficacy
patients.
Genes & Diseases,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(3), P. 101026 - 101026
Published: July 22, 2023
The
evolutionarily
conserved
Wnt
signaling
pathway
plays
a
central
role
in
development
and
adult
tissue
homeostasis
across
species.
proteins
are
secreted,
lipid-modified
molecules
that
activate
the
canonical
(β-catenin
dependent)
non-canonical
independent)
pathways.
Cellular
behaviors
such
as
proliferation,
differentiation,
maturation,
proper
body-axis
specification
carried
out
by
pathway,
which
is
best
characterized
of
known
paths.
has
emerged
an
important
factor
stem
cell
biology
to
affect
self-renewal
cells
various
tissues.
This
includes
but
not
limited
embryonic,
hematopoietic,
mesenchymal,
gut,
neural,
epidermal
cells.
also
been
implicated
tumor
exhibit
cell-like
properties.
crucial
for
bone
formation
presents
potential
target
therapeutics
disorders.
Not
surprisingly,
aberrant
associated
with
wide
variety
diseases,
including
cancer.
Mutations
members
cancer
can
lead
unchecked
epithelial-mesenchymal
transition,
metastasis.
Altogether,
advances
understanding
dysregulated
disease
have
paved
way
novel
components
pathway.
Beginning
brief
overview
mechanisms
Wnt,
this
review
aims
summarize
current
knowledge
cells,
aberrations
targeting
preclinical
clinical
studies.
Advances in Cancer Biology - Metastasis,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10, P. 100114 - 100114
Published: Jan. 17, 2024
A
significant
obstacle
to
treating
cancer
is
multidrug
resistance
(MDR),
which
the
capacity
of
cancerous
cells
develop
both
traditional
and
cutting-edge
chemotherapeutic
treatments.
Following
initial
discovery
that
cellular
pumps
reliant
on
ATP
were
root
chemotherapy
resistance,
more
research
has
revealed
involvement
additional
mechanisms,
including
increased
drug
metabolism,
reduced
entry,
compromised
apoptotic
pathways.
Numerous
projects
have
focused
MDR,
innumerable
been
conducted
better
understand
MDR
methods
mitigate
its
consequences.
Multidrug
(MDR)
a
key
challenge
in
cancer.
90%
cancer-related
fatalities
are
brought
by
tumor
metastasis
recurrence,
possible
with
MDR.
Drug
influenced
diverse
internal
extrinsic
variables,
genetic
epigenetic
changes,
efflux
systems,
DNA
repair
apoptosis,
autophagy.
In
this
review
paper,
we
list
potential
hazards
associated
therapy
general,
primarily
developing
theory
for
colorectal
particular.
We
discussed
unique
instance
malignancies
generally
5-fluorouracil,
curcumin,
lipids
as
viable
options
condition.
The
use
nanotechnology
(mainly
nanoparticles)
facilitated
vitro
well
vivo
efficacy
during
preclinical
phases,
summarized
below,
allowing
thorough
investigation
cancers
pancreatic
carcinomas
their
translation
following
clinical
trials.
Pharmacological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
76(3), P. 414 - 453
Published: March 15, 2024
Since
its
discovery
over
35
years
ago,
MDM2
has
emerged
as
an
attractive
target
for
the
development
of
cancer
therapy.
MDM29s
activities
extend
from
carcinogenesis
to
immunity,
response
various
therapies.
report
first
inhibitor
more
than
30
approaches
inhibit
have
been
attempted,
with
hundreds
small
molecule
inhibitors
evaluated
in
preclinical
studies
and
numerous
molecules
tested
clinical
trials.
Although
many
degraders
trials,
there
is
currently
no
FDA-approved
on
market.
Nevertheless,
are
several
current
trials
promising
agents
that
may
overcome
past
failures,
including
granted
FDA
orphan
drug
or
fast-track
status.
We
herein
summarize
research
efforts
discover
develop
inhibitors,
focusing
those
induce
degradation
exert
anticancer
activity,
regardless
p53
status
cancer.
also
describe
how
investigations
moved
towards
combining
other
agents,
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors.
Finally,
we
discuss
challenges
future
directions
accelerate
application
In
conclusion,
targeting
remains
a
treatment
approach,
protein
represents
novel
strategy
downregulate
without
side
effects
existing
blocking
p53-MDM2
binding.
Additional
needed
finally
realize
full
potential
inhibition
treating
chronic
diseases
where
implicated.
Significance
Statement
Overexpression/amplification
oncogene
detected
human
cancers
associated
disease
progression,
resistance,
poor
patient
outcomes.
Herein,
review
previous,
emerging
MDM2-targeted
therapies
chemotherapy
immunotherapy
regimens.
The
findings
these
contemporary
lead
safer
effective
treatments
patients
overexpressing
MDM2.
