Exosome-mediated delivery and regulation in neurological disease progression

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 264, P. 130728 - 130728

Published: March 11, 2024

Exosomes (EXOs), minute membranous structures originating from diverse biological sources, have recently seized the attention of researchers due to their theranostic potential for neurological diseases. Released actively by various cells, including stem adipose tissue, and immune EXOs wield substantial regulatory influence over intricate landscape complications, exhibiting both positive negative modulatory effects. In AD, play a pivotal role in disseminating breaking down amyloid-β protein. Moreover, derived mesenchymal cells showcase remarkable capacity mitigate pro-inflammatory phenotypes regulating miRNAs neurodegenerative These vesicles possess unique ability traverse blood-brain barrier, governing aggregation mutant huntingtin Understanding exosomal functions within CNS holds significant promise enhancing treatment efficacy This review intricately examines mechanisms involving disease development, highlighting therapeutic prospects exploring utility exosome-based nanomedicine complications. Additionally, delves into challenges associated with drug delivery brain, emphasizing complexities inherent this critical aspect neurotherapeutics.

Language: Английский

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Clinical Applications of Exosomes: A Critical Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(14), P. 7794 - 7794

Published: July 16, 2024

Exosomes, small membrane-bound vesicles secreted by cells, have gained significant attention for their therapeutic potential. Measuring 30–100 nm in diameter and derived from various cell types, exosomes play a crucial role intercellular communication transferring proteins, lipids, RNA between cells. This review analyzes existing literature on the clinical applications of exosomes. We conducted comprehensive search peer-reviewed articles trial data to evaluate benefits, limitations, challenges exosome-based therapies. Key areas focus included regenerative medicine, cancer therapy, gene diagnostic biomarkers. highlights vast In facilitate tissue repair regeneration. can deliver agents directly tumor serve as vectors delivery. As biomarkers, they are useful diagnosing diseases. Challenges such isolation, purification, characterization were identified. Current trials demonstrate potential therapies, though also reveal hurdles. Regulatory issues, including need standardization validation exosome products, critical advancing these While progress has been made understanding biology, further research is essential fully unlock Addressing regulatory successful application practice. provides concise overview exosomes, emphasizing both promise obstacles that be overcome.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Novel Insights and Perspectives on Lung Cancer from Early Detection to Targeted Treatment

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 123 - 123

Published: Jan. 7, 2024

Lung cancer demands innovative approaches for early detection and targeted treatment. In addressing this urgent need, exosomes play a pivotal role in revolutionizing both the treatment of lung cancer. Their remarkable capacity to encapsulate diverse range biomolecules, traverse biological barriers, be engineered with specific targeting molecules makes them highly promising diagnostic markers precise drug delivery cells. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis exosomal content biogenesis offers crucial insights into molecular profile tumors. This knowledge holds significant potential development therapies strategies Despite notable progress field, challenges standardization cargo loading persist. Collaborative research efforts are imperative maximize advance field precision medicine benefit patients.

Language: Английский

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Protein cargo in extracellular vesicles as the key mediator in the progression of cancer

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Abstract Exosomes are small vesicles of endosomal origin that released by almost all cell types, even those pathologically altered. widely participate in cell-to-cell communication via transferring cargo, including nucleic acids, proteins, and other metabolites, into recipient cells. Tumour-derived exosomes (TDEs) many important molecular pathways affect various hallmarks cancer, fibroblasts activation, modification the tumour microenvironment (TME), modulation immune responses, angiogenesis promotion, setting pre-metastatic niche, enhancing metastatic potential, affecting therapy sensitivity resistance. The unique exosome biogenesis, composition, nontoxicity, ability to target specific cells bring up their use as promising drug carriers cancer biomarkers. In this review, we focus on role exosomes, with an emphasis protein key mechanisms promoting progression. We also briefly summarise mechanism its structure, potential a signalling hub both normal pathological conditions.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes in skin photoaging: biological functions and therapeutic opportunity

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Abstract Exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles secreted by most cell types, which filled with proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (non-coding RNAs, mRNA, DNA), can be released donor cells to subsequently modulate the function of recipient cells. Skin photoaging is premature aging skin structures over time due repeated exposure ultraviolet (UV) evidenced dyspigmentation, telangiectasias, roughness, rhytides, elastosis, precancerous changes. associated aging-related processes including, oxidative stress, inflammation, senescence. Anti-aging features exosomes have been implicated in various vitro pre-clinical studies. Stem cell-derived restore physiological regenerate or rejuvenate damaged tissue through mechanisms such as decreased expression matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), increased collagen elastin production, modulation intracellular signaling pathways well as, intercellular communication. All these evidences promising for therapeutic potential photoaging. This review aims investigate molecular effects

Language: Английский

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Emerging roles of exosomes in oral diseases progression

International Journal of Oral Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Abstract Oral diseases, such as periodontitis, salivary gland and oral cancers, significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient’s digestive functions, pronunciation, esthetic demands. Delayed diagnosis non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients’ prognosis quality of life. The exploration innovative approaches for early detection precise represents a promising frontier in medicine. Exosomes, which are characterized nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles, secreted by virtually all types cells. As the research continues, complex roles these intracellular-derived vesicles biological processes have gradually unfolded. Exosomes attracted attention valuable diagnostic therapeutic tools ability transfer abundant cargos intricate involvement multiple cellular functions. In this review, we provide an overview recent applications exosomes within field focusing inflammation-related bone diseases squamous cell carcinomas. We characterize exosome alterations demonstrate potential biomarkers diagnosis, highlighting indicators diseases. also summarize targeted therapy proposed future directions use clinical treatment.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Applications of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 3562 - 3562

Published: March 21, 2024

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin, ranging from 30 to 150 nm in diameter, that mediate intercellular transfer various biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites. They modulate the functions recipient cells participate diverse physiological pathological processes, immune responses, cell-cell communication, carcinogenesis, viral infection. Stem (SCs) pluripotent or multipotent can differentiate into cell types. SCs also secrete exosomes, which exhibit remarkable therapeutic potential for diseases, especially field regenerative medicine. For example, exosomes derived mesenchymal stem (MSCs) contain miRNAs ameliorate endocrine disorders, diabetes cancer. (sc-exos) may offer similar advantages SCs, but with reduced risks challenges. Sc-exos have lower tumorigenicity, immunogenicity, infectivity. deliver drugs more efficiently penetrate deeper tissues. In this review, we provide an overview recent advances sc-exos their applications We elucidate how biological effects depend on molecular composition. address current challenges future directions using sc-exos.

Language: Английский

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Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles: Emerging Nanosystems for Enhanced Tissue Engineering

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 19, P. 1189 - 1204

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract: Tissue engineering holds great potential for tissue repair and rejuvenation. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) have recently emerged as a promising avenue in engineering. However, there is an urgent need to understand how plant ELNs can be therapeutically applied clinical disease management, especially regeneration. In this review, we comprehensively examine the properties, characteristics, isolation techniques of ELNs. We also discuss their impact on immune system, compatibility with human body, role To ensure suitability engineering, explore various modification strategies. Additionally, provide insights into progress commercialization industrial perspectives This review aims highlight regenerative medicine by exploring current research landscape key findings. Keywords: plant, nanoparticles, nanomedicine, cartilage, wound, bone

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive review of challenges and advances in exosome-based drug delivery systems

Nanoscale Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Key challenges in exosomal based therapies.

Language: Английский

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Optimizing therapeutic outcomes: preconditioning strategies for MSC-derived extracellular vesicles

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine, driven by capabilities immunomodulation tissue repair. However, MSCs present risks such as immunogenic responses, malignant transformation, the to transmit infectious pathogens due intrinsic proliferative differentiative abilities. In contrast, MSC-EVs, particularly exosomes (MSC-exosomes, 30–150 nm diameter), offer a safer profile. These acellular mitigate associated with immune rejection tumorigenesis inherently incapable of forming ectopic tissues, thereby enhancing clinical safety applicability. This review highlights promise MSC-exosomes especially focusing on modulation miRNA (one bioactive molecules MSC-EVs) profiles through various preconditioning strategies exposure hypoxia, chemotherapeutic agents, inflammatory cytokines, physical stimuli. Such conditioning is shown optimize potential. Key miRNAs including miR-21, miR-146, miR-125a, miR-126, miR-181a noted roles facilitating repair modulating responses. functionalities position valuable tool personalized case exosome-based interventions. Despite this also acknowledged limitations traditional MSC therapies advocates strategic pivot towards modalities enhance outcomes. By discussing recent advances detail identifying remaining pitfalls, aims guide future directions improving efficacy MSC-exosome-based therapeutics. Additionally, variability MSC-EVs presents challenges diverse play regulating gene expression cell behavior. The content can be influenced differences isolation purification methods, which may alter specific miRNAs, contributing effects.

Language: Английский

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