World Journal of Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(1), P. 77 - 97
Published: Jan. 17, 2022
Major
depressive
disorder
is
a
debilitating
affecting
millions
of
people
each
year.
Brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF)
and
inflammation
are
two
prominent
biologic
risk
factors
in
the
pathogenesis
depression
that
have
received
considerable
attention.
Many
clinical
animal
studies
highlighted
associations
between
low
levels
BDNF
or
high
inflammatory
markers
development
behavioral
symptoms
depression.
However,
less
known
about
potential
interaction
inflammation,
particularly
within
central
nervous
system.
Emerging
evidence
suggests
there
bidirectional
regulation
these
with
important
implications
for
anti-depressant
response.
Elevated
mediators
been
shown
to
reduce
expression
BDNF,
may
play
an
negative
regulatory
role
on
brain.
Understanding
this
more
fully
context
neuropsychiatric
disease
both
developing
fuller
understanding
biological
identifying
novel
therapeutic
opportunities.
Here
we
review
particular
focus
pathogenic
their
interaction.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18
Published: March 13, 2024
The
blood
brain
barrier
(BBB)
plays
a
crucial
role
in
maintaining
homeostasis
by
selectively
preventing
the
entry
of
substances
from
peripheral
into
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
Comprised
endothelial
cells,
pericytes,
and
astrocytes,
this
highly
regulated
encompasses
majority
brain’s
vasculature.
In
addition
to
its
protective
function,
BBB
also
engages
significant
crosstalk
with
perivascular
macrophages
(MΦ)
microglia,
resident
MΦ
brain.
These
interactions
play
pivotal
modulating
activation
state
cells
comprising
BBB,
as
well
MΦs
themselves.
Alterations
systemic
metabolic
inflammatory
states
can
promote
cell
dysfunction,
reducing
integrity
potentially
allowing
factors
leak
CNS
compartment.
This
may
mediate
MΦs,
initiate
further
immune
responses
within
parenchyma,
suggesting
neuroinflammation
be
triggered
signaling
periphery,
without
primary
injury
or
disease
originating
CNS.
intricate
interplay
between
periphery
through
highlights
importance
understanding
microglia
mediating
challenges.
Despite
recent
advancements,
our
is
still
early
stages,
leaving
gap
knowledge.
However,
emerging
research
shedding
light
on
involvement
at
various
conditions,
including
infections,
diabetes,
ischemic
stroke.
review
aims
provide
comprehensive
overview
current
investigating
relationship
health
disease.
By
exploring
these
connections,
we
hope
advance
challenges
their
impact
pathology.
Uncovering
hold
promise
for
development
novel
therapeutic
strategies
neurological
conditions
that
involve
vascular
mechanisms.
Molecular Pain,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
21
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
This
study
investigated
the
role
of
brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF)
in
patients
with
degenerative
lumbar
stenosis,
focusing
on
its
expression
and
correlation
pain
intensity.
The
examined
96
stenosis
85
control
participants.
BDNF
levels
yellow
ligamentum
flavum
were
measured
using
reverse
transcription
quantitative
polymerase
chain
reaction
(RT-qPCR),
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
(ELISA),
western
blot
analysis.
results
showed
significantly
higher
at
both
messenger
ribonucleic
acid
(mRNA;
fold
change
=
+1.35
±
0.23;
p
<
0.05)
protein
(28.98
6.40
pg/mg)
compared
to
controls
(4.56
1.98
pg/mg;
0.05).
Furthermore,
correlated
positively
intensity
reported
by
patients,
observed
those
experiencing
more
severe
pain.
also
explored
influence
lifestyle
factors,
such
as
smoking
alcohol
consumption,
related
diseases,
diabetes,
expression.
Smoking,
use,
diabetes
associated
elevated
(
These
findings
suggest
that
could
serve
a
biomarker
for
severity
level,
although
this
was
not
consistently
mRNA
level;
highlights
potential
BDNF-targeted
therapies
managing
Future
research
should
involve
larger
longitudinal
studies
validate
these
explore
therapeutic
interventions.
underscores
importance
considering
molecular
factors
treatment
aiming
improve
patient
outcomes
through
comprehensive,
targeted
approaches.
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Feb. 10, 2021
The
prevalence
and
etiology
of
COVID-19's
impact
on
brain
health
cognitive
function
is
poorly
characterized.
With
mounting
reports
delirium,
systemic
inflammation,
evidence
neurotropism,
a
statement
impairment
among
COVID-19
cases
needed.
A
substantial
literature
has
demonstrated
that
inflammation
can
severely
disrupt
function,
suggesting
an
immune
response,
cytokine
storm,
as
possible
cause
neurocognitive
impairments.
In
this
light,
the
aim
present
study
was
to
summarize
available
knowledge
cognition
(i.e.,
herein,
we
broadly
define
reflecting
reporting
topic
in
literature)
during
acute
recovery
phases
disease,
hospitalized
patients
outpatients
with
confirmed
status.
systematic
review
identified
six
studies
which
document
impairment,
one
quantifies
deficits
after
recovery.
Pooling
samples
included
(total
sample
n
=
644)
at
three
standards
quality
produced
conservative
estimates
ranging
from
43.0
66.8%
only,
no
report
met
criteria
for
inclusion
main
synthesis.
most
common
reported
delirium
frequent
elevated
inflammatory
markers
suggest
etiology.
Other
have
disease
involves
marked
increases
IL-6,
TNFα,
IL-1β;
cytokines
known
profound
working
memory
attention.
Impairment
these
functions
characteristic
aspect
suggests
key
mediators
induced
Researchers
are
encouraged
assay
determine
potential
role
mediating
disturbance
individuals
affected
by
COVID-19.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(15), P. 8417 - 8417
Published: July 29, 2022
Brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF)
is
the
most
abundant
neurotrophin
in
adult
brain
and
functions
as
both
a
primary
signal
neuromodulator.
It
serves
essential
roles
neuronal
development,
maintenance,
transmission,
plasticity,
thereby
influencing
aging,
cognition,
behavior.
Accumulating
evidence
associates
reduced
central
peripheral
BDNF
levels
with
various
neuropsychiatric
disorders,
supporting
its
potential
utilization
biomarker
of
pathologies.
Subsequently,
extensive
research
has
been
conducted
to
evaluate
restoring,
or
otherwise
augmenting,
transmission
therapeutic
approach.
Promising
results
were
indeed
observed
for
genetic
upregulation
exogenous
administration
using
multitude
murine
models
neurological
psychiatric
diseases.
However,
varying
mechanisms
have
proposed
underlie
effects,
many
findings
indicate
engagement
disease-specific
other
non-specific
mechanisms.
This
because
essentially
affects
all
aspects
cellular
function
through
tropomyosin
receptor
kinase
B
(TrkB)
signaling,
disruptions
which
vary
between
regions
across
different
pathologies
leading
diversified
consequences
on
cognition
Herein,
we
review
neurophysiology
signaling
classify
converging
diverging
molecular
underlying
potentials
disorders.
These
include
neuroprotection,
synaptic
immunomodulation,
plasticity
facilitation,
secondary
neuromodulation,
preservation
neurovascular
unit
integrity
viability.
Lastly,
discuss
several
suggesting
common
mediator
actions
centrally
acting
pharmacological
agents
used
treatment
illness.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
17
Published: June 19, 2023
Microglia
are
the
primary
immunocompetent
cells
that
protect
brain
from
environmental
stressors,
but
can
also
be
driven
to
release
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
and
induce
a
cytotoxic
environment.
Brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF)
is
important
for
regulation
of
plasticity,
synapse
formation,
general
neuronal
health.
Yet,
little
known
about
how
BDNF
impacts
microglial
activity.
We
hypothesized
would
have
direct
modulatory
effect
on
cortical
(Postnatal
Day
1-3:
P1-3)
microglia
(Embryonic
16:
E16)
cultures
in
context
bacterial
endotoxin.
To
this
end,
we
found
treatment
following
LPS-induced
inflammation
had
marked
anti-inflammatory
effect,
reversing
both
IL-6
TNF-α
microglia.
This
was
transferrable
neurons,
such
LPS-activated
media
able
produce
an
inflammatory
when
added
separate
culture,
again,
priming
attenuated
effect.
reversed
overall
impact
LPS
exposure
speculate
directly
play
role
regulating
state
hence,
influence
microglia-neuron
interactions.
Molecular Neurobiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
61(8), P. 5680 - 5698
Published: Jan. 15, 2024
Abstract
Postoperative
depression
(POD)
and
postoperative
cognitive
dysfunction
(POCD)
have
placed
heavy
burden
on
patients’
physical
mental
health
in
recent
years.
Sleep
disturbance
before
surgery
is
a
common
phenomenon
that
has
been
increasingly
believed
to
affect
recovery,
especially
aged
patients,
while
little
attention
paid
sleep
disruption
the
potential
mechanism
remains
ambiguous.
Ketamine
reported
attenuate
POCD
after
cardiac
elicit
rapid-acting
sustained
antidepressant
actions.
The
present
study
aimed
clarify
effect
of
esketamine’s
(the
S-enantiomer
ketamine)
protective
effects
possible
mechanisms
action
POD.
Our
results
showed
exacerbated
microglial
M1
polarization
BDNF-TrkB
signalling
induced
by
surgery,
resulting
emotional
changes
impairments.
Notably,
treatment
with
esketamine
reversed
behavioural
abnormalities
through
inhibiting
microglia
inflammatory
response
thus
improving
vivo
vitro.
In
addition,
administration
also
impaired
hippocampal
synaptic
plasticity
which
perturbed
surgery.
These
findings
warrant
further
investigations
into
interplay
may
provide
novel
ideas
for
implication
preoperative
preparations
prevention
brain-related
complications.
Neurobiology of Disease,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
198, P. 106561 - 106561
Published: June 9, 2024
Neuroinflammation
and
mitochondrial
dysfunction
are
closely
intertwined
with
the
pathophysiology
of
neurological
disorders.
Recent
studies
have
elucidated
profound
alterations
in
dynamics
across
a
spectrum
Dynamin-related
protein
1
(DRP1)
emerges
as
pivotal
regulator
fission,
its
dysregulation
disrupting
homeostasis
fueling
neuroinflammation,
thereby
exacerbating
disease
severity.
In
addition
to
role
dynamics,
DRP1
plays
crucial
modulating
inflammation-related
pathways.
This
review
synthesizes
important
functions
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
impact
epigenetic
modification
on
progression
neurodegenerative
diseases.
The
intricate
interplay
between
neuroinflammation
microglia
astrocytes,
contributors
is
expounded
upon.
Furthermore,
use
inhibitors
influence
activation
well
their
involvement
processes
such
mitophagy,
oxidative
stress,
calcium
ion
transport
CNS-mediated
scrutinized.
modulation
astrocyte
crosstalk
by
inflammatory
neurodegeneration
also
highlighted.
Overall,
targeting
presents
promising
avenue
for
ameliorating
enhancing
therapeutic
management
Life,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(2), P. 263 - 263
Published: Feb. 9, 2025
Diabetic
retinopathy
(DR),
a
leading
cause
of
vision
impairment
worldwide,
is
characterized
by
progressive
damage
to
the
retina
due
prolonged
hyperglycemia.
Despite
advances
in
treatment,
current
interventions
largely
target
late-stage
vascular
complications,
leaving
underlying
neurodegenerative
processes
insufficiently
addressed.
This
article
explores
crucial
role
neuronal
survival,
axonal
growth,
and
synaptic
plasticity
neuroprotective
potential
Brain-Derived
Neurotrophic
Factor
(BDNF)
as
therapeutic
strategy
for
enhancing
retinal
resilience
DR.
Furthermore,
it
discusses
innovative
delivery
methods
BDNF,
such
gene
therapy
nanocarriers,
which
may
overcome
challenges
achieving
sustained
targeted
levels
retina,
focusing
on
early
intervention
preserve
function
prevent
loss.
