Mitochondrial DNA leakage: underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications in neurological disorders

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a pivotal instigator of neuroinflammation, with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage as critical intermediary. This review delineates the intricate pathways leading to mtDNA release, which include membrane permeabilization, vesicular trafficking, disruption homeostatic regulation, and abnormalities in dynamics. The escaped activates cytosolic sensors, especially cyclic gmp-amp synthase (cGAS) signalling inflammasome, initiating neuroinflammatory cascades via pathways, exacerbating spectrum neurological pathologies. therapeutic promise targeting discussed detail, underscoring necessity for multifaceted strategy that encompasses preservation homeostasis, prevention leakage, reestablishment dynamics, inhibition activation sensors. Advancing our understanding complex interplay between neuroinflammation imperative developing precision interventions disorders.

Language: Английский

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Applications of hydrogels and nanoparticles in the treatment of traumatic brain injury

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant global public health issue, with effective management posing numerous challenges. The pathophysiology of TBI is typically categorized into two phases: primary and secondary injuries. Secondary involves pathophysiological mechanisms such as blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses. Current pharmacological strategies often encounter obstacles in treating effectively, primarily due to challenges BBB penetration, inadequate target site accumulation, off-target toxicity. Versatile hydrogels nanoparticles offer potential solutions these limitations. This review discusses recent progress utilizing for treatment over the past 5 years, highlighting their relevance underlying pathophysiology. Hydrogels demonstrate substantial promise addressing injury, providing broad spectrum future therapeutic opportunities.

Language: Английский

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Role of inflammasomes and neuroinflammation in epilepsy

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 10, 2024

Epilepsy is a brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, which are brief episodes of abnormal electrical activity in the and involuntary movement that can lead to physical injury loss consciousness. Seizures canonically accompanied increased inflammatory cytokine production promotes neuroinflammation, pathology, seizure propagation. Understanding source pro-inflammatory cytokines promote pathogenesis could be gateway precision epilepsy drug design. This review discusses inflammasome including its role propagation negative impacts on health. The multiprotein complex coordinates IL-1β IL-18 response tissue damage, cellular stress, infection. Clinical evidence for signaling epileptogenesis reviewed followed discussion emerging strategies modulate epilepsy.

Language: Английский

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