The pathogenic role of epithelial and endothelial cells in early-phase COVID-19 pneumonia: victims and partners in crime

Modern Pathology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 34(8), P. 1444 - 1455

Published: April 21, 2021

Language: Английский

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Pediatric Tuberculosis Management: A Global Challenge or Breakthrough?

Children, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(8), P. 1120 - 1120

Published: July 27, 2022

Managing pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem requiring urgent and long-lasting solutions as TB is one of the top ten causes ill death in children well adolescents universally. Minors are particularly susceptible to this severe illness that can be fatal post-infection or even serve reservoirs for future disease outbreaks. However, least prioritized most programs optimal infection/disease control has been quite neglected specialized patient category, scientific clinical research efforts focus on developing novel management strategies adults. Moreover, ongoing coronavirus pandemic meaningfully hindered gains progress achieved with prophylaxis, therapy, diagnosis, global eradication goals all affected persons varying age bands. Thus, opening activities opportunities provide more insight create new knowledge specifically geared towards managing group will significantly improve their well-being longevity.

Language: Английский

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Updates on Drug Designing Approach Through Computational Strategies: a Review

Future Science OA, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(5)

Published: May 4, 2023

The drug discovery and development (DDD) process in pursuit of novel candidates is a challenging procedure requiring lots time resources. Therefore, computer-aided design (CADD) methodologies are used extensively to promote proficiency systematic time-effective manner. point reference SARS-CoV-2 which has emerged as global pandemic. In the absence any confirmed moiety treat infection, science fraternity adopted hit trial methods come up with lead compound. This article an overview virtual methodologies, assist finding hits help progression short period specific medicinal solution.

Language: Английский

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The Immunopathological and Histological Landscape of COVID-19-Mediated Lung Injury

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 974 - 974

Published: Jan. 19, 2021

A complete understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) physiopathology and related histopathologic lesions is necessary to improve treatment outcome disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Many studies have focused on autopsy findings in COVID-19-related deaths try define any possible specific pattern. Histopathologic alterations are principally found within lungs blood vessels, these abnormalities also seem the highest clinical impact. Nevertheless, many morphological data collected so far non-specific, fickle, possibly associated with other co-existing factors. The aim this minireview describe main histopathological features COVID-19 mechanism known as “cytokine storm”.

Language: Английский

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Modelling COVID-19 dynamics and potential for herd immunity by vaccination in Austria, Luxembourg and Sweden

Journal of Theoretical Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 530, P. 110874 - 110874

Published: Aug. 21, 2021

Against the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions have been widely applied and vaccinations taken off. The upcoming question is how interplay between social measures will shape infections hospitalizations. Hence, we extend Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model including these elements. We calibrate it to data of Luxembourg, Austria Sweden until 15 December 2020. results having highest fraction undetected, Luxembourg infected all three being far from herd immunity in December. quantify level interaction, showing that a around 1/3 before pandemic was still required keep effective reproduction number Refft below 1, for countries. Aiming vaccinate whole population within 1 year at constant rate would require on average 1,700 fully vaccinated people/day 24,000 28,000 Sweden, could lead only by mid summer. Herd might not be reached 2021 if too slow vaccines rollout speeds are employed. thus estimates which vaccination rates low allow reaching 2021, depending interactions. Vaccination considerably, but immediately, help curb infection; limiting interactions remains crucial months come.

Language: Английский

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Long‐term upper aerodigestive sequelae as a result of infection with COVID‐19

Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(2), P. 476 - 485

Published: March 9, 2022

Respiratory, voice, and swallowing difficulties after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may result secondary to upper airway disease from prolonged intubation or mechanisms related the virus itself. We examined a cohort who presented with new laryngeal complaints following documented SARS-CoV-2 infection. characterized their airway, and/or symptoms reviewed clinical course of understand how natural history these relates COVID-19 infections.Retrospective review patients our department aerodigestive as sequelae prior infection with, management of, SARS-CoV-2.Eighty-one met inclusion criteria. Median age was 54.23 years (±17.36). Most common presenting were dysphonia (n = 58, 71.6%), dysphagia/odynophagia 16, 19.75%), sore throat 9, 11.11%). Thirty-one (38.27%) intubation. Mean length 16.85 days (range 1-35). Eighteen underwent tracheostomy decannulated an average 70.69 23-160). Patients significantly more likely than nonintubated be diagnosed granuloma (8 vs. 0, respectively, p < .01). Fifty (61.73%) treated for without requiring muscle tension (19 1, .01) laryngopharyngeal reflux (18 .01).In persistent dyspnea, dysphonia, dysphagia recovering SARS-CoV-2, early otolaryngology consultation should considered. Accurate diagnosis prompt underlying etiologies improve long-term patient outcomes.4.

Language: Английский

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Comparing machine learning algorithms to predict COVID‑19 mortality using a dataset including chest computed tomography severity score data

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: July 13, 2023

Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, new and non-invasive digital technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) had been introduced for mortality prediction patients. The prognostic performances machine learning (ML)-based models predicting clinical outcomes patients mainly evaluated using demographics, risk factors, manifestations, laboratory results. There is a lack information about role imaging manifestations in combination with predictors. purpose present study to develop an efficient ML model based on more comprehensive dataset including chest CT severity score (CT-SS). Fifty-five primary features six main classes were retrospectively reviewed 6854 suspected cases. independence test Chi-square was used determine most important relevant predictors train algorithms. predictive developed eight algorithms J48 decision tree (J48), support vector (SVM), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), k-nearest neighbourhood (k-NN), Naïve Bayes (NB), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, area under ROC curve (AUC) metrics. After applying exclusion criteria, total 815 positive RT-PCR final sample size, where 54.85% male mean age population 57.22 ± 16.76 years. RF algorithm accuracy 97.2%, sensitivity 100%, precision 94.8%, specificity 94.5%, F1-score 97.3%, AUC 99.9% best performance. Other ranging from 81.2 93.9% also good mortality. Results showed that timely accurate stratification could be performed ML-based fed by routine data. proposed CT-SS efficiently predict This lead promptly targeting high-risk admission, optimal use hospital resources, increased probability survival

Language: Английский

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Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Lung Cell Inflammation by Triphala-Loaded Nanoparticle Targeting Spike Glycoprotein S1

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 751 - 751

Published: June 2, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, poses a significant global health threat. spike glycoprotein S1 of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is known to induce production pro-inflammatory mediators, contributing hyperinflammation in patients. Triphala, an ancient Ayurvedic remedy composed dried fruits from three plant species—Emblica officinalis (Family Euphorbiaceae), Terminalia bellerica Combretaceae), and chebula Combretaceae)—shows promise addressing inflammation. However, limited water solubility its ethanolic extract impedes bioavailability. In this study, we aimed develop nanoparticles loaded with Triphala extract, termed “nanotriphala”, as drug delivery system. Additionally, investigated vitro anti-inflammatory properties nanotriphala major compounds, namely gallic acid, chebulagic chebulinic lung epithelial cells (A549) induced CoV2-SP. formulation was prepared using solvent displacement method. encapsulation efficiency determined be 87.96 ± 2.60% based on total phenolic content. terms release, exhibited biphasic release profile zero-order kinetics over 0–8 h. A549 were treated or active compounds then 100 ng/mL subunit (CoV2-SP). results demonstrate that acid are nanotriphala, which significantly reduced cytokine (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18) suppressed expression inflammatory genes IL-18, NLRP3) (p < 0.05). Mechanistically, notably attenuated inflammasome machinery proteins (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1) conclusion, nanoparticle enhances stability exhibits against CoV2-SP-induction. This achieved suppressing mediators NLRP3 machinery. Thus, holds supportive preventive therapy for COVID-19-related chronic

Language: Английский

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The spectrum of pathological findings in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2

Diagnostic Pathology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 14, 2020

Language: Английский

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Implications of preexisting asthma on COVID-19 pathogenesis

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 320(5), P. L880 - L891

Published: March 24, 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spreading at an alarming rate has taken a heavy toll on the public healthcare systems and economies worldwide. An abnormal overactivated inflammatory response is occasionally elicited by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) this hyperinflammation associated with worse prognosis of COVID-19. Theoretically, one would expect patients asthma to be greater risk SARS-CoV-2 infection considering their increased susceptibility common virus-associated exacerbations. Surprisingly, current data do not consistently suggest prevalence among Considering high global asthma, characteristics and/or conventional therapy might play role in potential defense against This may attributed T helper type 2 immune predominantly seen asthma. Likewise, therapeutics, including corticosteroids biologics, fact benefit alleviating development hyperinflammation. On other hand, elevated IL-17 levels are characteristically subset as well Targeting pathway treatment strategy could plausibly alleviate distress (ARDS) COVID-19 demonstrating predominant 17 response. A clinical trial drug targeting thus, constitute logical addition pursuit for effective therapeutics complex interplay between endotypes very understood will discussed mini-review.

Language: Английский

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