SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway cells causes intense viral and cell shedding, two spreading mechanisms affected by IL-13

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(16)

Published: March 30, 2022

Significance Gaining insights into severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) high transmissibility and the role played by inflammatory mediators in viral proliferation are critical to investigating new therapeutic targets against COVID-19. Electron microscopy reveals important SARS-CoV-2 features, including combination of large, rapidly released clusters massive shedding epithelial cells packed with virions. Interleukin-13 (IL-13), a Th2 cytokine up-regulated allergic asthma associated less COVID-19, protects cell shedding. Using gene expression analyses biochemical assays, IL-13 is shown affect entry, replication, cell-to-cell transmission. Given broad spectrum COVID-19 clinical symptoms, it elucidate intrinsic factors that modulate load spreading mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Asthma and COVID-19: an update

European Respiratory Review, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(162), P. 210152 - 210152

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

As the world faces coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, concerns have been raised that asthma patients could be at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity. However, it appears is not an independent factor for both. Furthermore, over-represented in hospitalised with pneumonia there was no exacerbations triggered by SARS-CoV-2. There accumulating evidence phenotypes comorbidities are important factors evaluating severity, as findings suggest Th2-high inflammation may reduce SARS-Cov-2 severity contrast Th2-low asthma. The use inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) safe infection. has proposed ICS confer some degree protection against development reducing expression angiotensin converting enzyme-2 transmembrane protease serine lung. In contrast, chronic or recurrent systemic before a major poor outcomes worst survival patients. Conversely, biological therapy allergic eosinophilic does increase being infected having worse COVID-19 present review we will summarise current literature regarding COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Eosinophils as potential biomarkers in respiratory viral infections

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 6, 2023

Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that, under homeostatic conditions, account for as much 1-3% of peripheral blood leukocytes. During inflammation, eosinophils can rapidly expand and infiltrate inflamed tissues, guided by cytokines alarmins (such IL-33), adhesion molecules chemokines. play a prominent role in allergic asthma parasitic infections. Nonetheless, they participate the immune response against respiratory viruses such syncytial virus influenza. Notably, associated with exacerbation. release several endowed antiviral activity, including cationic proteins, RNases reactive oxygen nitrogen species. On other hand, involved homeostasis maintenance Th2-related inflammation. In context SARS-CoV-2 infection, emerging evidence indicates that represent possible blood-based biomarkers diagnosis, prognosis, severity prediction disease. particular, eosinopenia seems to be an indicator among patients COVID-19, whereas increased eosinophil count is better lower incidence complications mortality. present review, we provide overview plasticity focusing on various viral infections disease comorbidities. We will discuss potential utility prognostic/predictive diseases, particularly COVID-19. Finally, revisit some relevant methods tools have contributed advances dissection subsets different pathological settings future biomarker definition.

Language: Английский

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Imbalanced Immune Response of T-Cell and B-Cell Subsets in Patients with Moderate and Severe COVID-19

Viruses, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 1966 - 1966

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Background: The immunological changes associated with COVID-19 are largely unknown. Methods: Patients showing moderate (n = 18; SpO2 > 93%, respiratory rate 22 per minute, CRP 10 mg/L) and severe 23; < >30 PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg, permanent oxygen therapy, qSOFA 2) infection, 37 healthy donors (HD) were enrolled. Circulating T- B-cell subsets analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: CD4+Th cells skewed toward Th2-like phenotypes within CD45RA+CD62L− (CM) CD45RA–CD62L− (EM) in patients COVID-19, while CM CCR6+ Th17-like decreased if compared HD. Within “classical” increased Th17.1-like cases. follicular Th-like (Tfh) all patients, Tfh17-like represented the most predominant subset Both groups of showed levels IgD-CD38++ B cells, IgD+CD38− IgD–CD38− decreased. frequency IgD+CD27+ IgD–CD27+ was significantly reduced Conclusions: We an imbalance almost circulating memory Th during acute that altered Tfh polarization led to a dysregulated humoral immune response.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in the immunopathogenesis of severe asthma

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 149(2), P. 455 - 465

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the modulation of hyperinflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection: A perspective for COVID-19 therapy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory caused by infection with acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that affects the lower and upper tract in humans. SARS-CoV-2 associated induction of cascade uncontrolled inflammatory responses host, ultimately leading to hyperinflammation or cytokine storm. Indeed, storm hallmark immunopathogenesis, directly related severity mortality COVID-19 patients. Considering lack any definitive treatment for COVID-19, targeting key factors regulate response patients could be fundamental step developing effective therapeutic strategies against infection. Currently, addition well-defined metabolic actions, especially lipid metabolism glucose utilization, there growing evidence central role ligand-dependent nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPARs) including PPARα, PPARβ/δ, PPARγ control signals various human diseases. This makes them attractive targets approaches control/suppress hyperinflammatory COVID-19. In this review, we (1) investigate anti-inflammatory mechanisms mediated PPARs their ligands during infection, (2) on basis recent literature, highlight importance PPAR subtypes development promising

Language: Английский

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Omalizumab may protect allergic patients against COVID-19: A systematic review

World Allergy Organization Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 100741 - 100741

Published: Jan. 9, 2023

Language: Английский

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Novel therapeutic approaches targeting endotypes of severe airway disease

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 1303 - 1316

Published: May 29, 2021

Introduction: Severe asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) without (CRSsNP), are heterogeneous diseases characterized by different mechanistic pathways (endotypes) variable clinical presentations (phenotypes).Areas covered: This review provides the clinician an overview of prevalence impact severe upper lower airways disease suggests a novel therapeutic approach biological agents possible biomarkers. To select relevant literature for inclusion in this review, we conducted search using PubMed database, terms 'severe disease' AND 'endotype' 'treatment.' The was performed publication years 2010-2020, restricting articles to humans English language publications.Expert opinion: coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has brought forth many challenges patients airway healthcare practitioners involved care. These could have increased risk developing SARS-CoV-2 disease, although treatment biologics is not associated worse prognosis. Eosinopenia on hospital admission plays key role as diagnostic prognostic biomarker.

Language: Английский

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Impact of asthma on COVID-19 mortality in the United States: Evidence based on a meta-analysis

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 102, P. 108390 - 108390

Published: Nov. 22, 2021

Language: Английский

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Profile of coronavirus disease enlightened asthma as a protective factor against death: An epidemiology study from Brazil during the pandemic

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Nov. 29, 2022

Introduction The possibility that asthma is not a risk factor for the worst outcomes due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) encouraged. increase in Th2 response dominance can downregulate late phase of hyperinflammation, which typically hallmark more severe respiratory viral infections, alongside lower angiotensin-converting enzyme receptors patients with chronic inflammation. Few studies associated diagnosis and COVID-19 outcomes. In this context, we aimed associate phenotype clinical signs, progression, COVID-19. Methods We performed an epidemiologic study using patients’ characteristics from OpenDataSUS verify severity among Brazilian hospitalized without according need intensive care units, intubation, deaths. also evaluated demographic data (sex, age, place residence, educational level, race), profile comorbidities. Results Asthma was present 43,245/1,129,838 (3.8%) patients. Among asthma, 74.7% who required invasive ventilatory support evolved death. contrast, 78.0% non-asthmatic died (OR = 0.83; 95% CI 0.79–0.88). Also, 20.0% non-invasive death, while 23.5% death 0.81; 0.79–0.84). Finally, only 11.2% did require any 15.8% 0.67; 0.62–0.72). our multivariate analysis, one comorbidity characteristic stood out as protective factors against during acute syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Patients were less prone die than other 0.79; 0.73–0.85), just like puerperal 0.74; 0.56–0.97) compared Conclusion Brazil. Despite study’s limitations on information corticosteroid usage, brings light regarding prevalent condition considered COVID-19, being ultimately protective.

Language: Английский

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