Immunotherapy in the Battle Against Bone Metastases: Mechanisms and Emerging Treatments DOI Creative Commons
Fatheia N. Hamza,

Khalid S. Mohammad

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(12), P. 1591 - 1591

Published: Nov. 26, 2024

Bone metastases are a prevalent complication in advanced cancers, particularly breast, prostate, and lung associated with severe skeletal-related events (SREs), including fractures, spinal cord compression, debilitating pain. Conventional bone-targeted treatments like bisphosphonates RANKL inhibitors (denosumab) reduce osteoclast-mediated bone resorption but do not directly impact tumor progression within the bone. This review focuses on examining growing potential of immunotherapy targeting unique challenges posed by metastases. Even though immune checkpoint (ICIs) have significantly changed cancer treatment, their appears limited because microenvironment’s immunosuppressive traits, which include high levels transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) immune-suppressing cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) myeloid-derived suppressor (MDSCs). underscores investigation combined therapeutic approaches that might ease these difficulties, synergy agents aimed at bones (denosumab, bisphosphonates), chemotherapy, radiotherapy, well combination different immunotherapeutic methods, CAR T-cell therapy. provides comprehensive analysis preclinical studies clinical trials show synergistic approaches, aim to both enhance responses mitigate destruction. By offering an in-depth exploration how strategies can be tailored microenvironment, this need for personalized treatment approaches. The findings emphasize urgent further research into overcoming evasion metastases, goal improving patient survival quality life.

Language: Английский

Automatic detecting multiple bone metastases in breast cancer using deep learning based on low-resolution bone scan images DOI Creative Commons
Jialin Shi, Ruolin Zhang, Z Yang

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 6, 2025

Whole-body bone scan (WBS) is usually used as the effective diagnostic method for early-stage and comprehensive metastases of breast cancer. WBS images with cancer metastasis have characteristics low resolution, small foreground, multiple lesions, hindering widespread application deep learning-based models. Automatically detecting a large number densely lesions on low-resolution remains challenge. We aim to develop unified framework based images. propose novel detection detect Considering difficulties feature extraction caused by resolution we innovatively plug-and-play position auxiliary module fusion enhance ability global information extraction. In order accurately in WBS, designed self-attention transformer-based target head. This retrospective study included 512 patients from Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The data type whole-body image. For our study, ratio training set, validation set test about 6:2:2. benchmarks are four representative baselines, SSD, YOLOR, Faster_RCNN_R Scaled-YOLOv4. performance metrics Average Precision (AP), Recall. results obtained through proposed were assessed using Bonferroni-adjusted Wilcoxon rank test. significant level adjusted according different comparisons. conducted extensive experiments ablation studies private dataset public scans West China Hospital validate effectiveness generalization. Experiments evaluate method. First, compared network architectures, AP 55.0 ± 6.4% (95% confidence intervals (CI) 49.9–60.1%, $$p<0.05$$ ), which improved 45.2% SSD baseline 9.8 2% CI 8.1–11.4%). metric recall, achieved average 54.3 4.2% 50.9–57.6%, has recall values 49.01% model 5.2 12.7% 10–21.3%). Second, studies. On dataset, adding head will increase 14.03% (from 33.3 47.6 4.4%) 19.3% 52.6 6.1%), respectively. addition, generalization was also verified BS-80K Extensive experimental demonstrated superiority To best knowledge, work first attempt developing automatic detector considering unique foreground Our tailored can be clinical decision support tool early decision-making metastases.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A Review on Multicellular Spheroids and Organoids for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy DOI
Sachin Jadhav, Subha Narayan Rath, Uday Kiran Roopavath

et al.

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 20, 2024

In response to escalating ethical and regulatory concerns surrounding animal testing in drug development, bodies such as the Food Drug Administration (FDA) have implemented updated guidelines encourage exploration of alternative methodologies. Simultaneously, European regulations instituted stringent restrictions on for assessment. Consequently, researchers increasingly turned innovative approaches like Three-dimensional spheroid cultures organoids address these challenges. These advanced models offer promising avenues investigating breast cancer efficacy, they accurately mimic intricate architecture cellular diversity human tumors. This strategic pivot toward methodologies reflects a collective commitment advancing research while ensuring compliance with evolving standards, thereby fostering development more precise personalized therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Recent advancements and challenges in 3D bioprinting for cancer applications DOI
Swayam Aryam Behera, Binita Nanda, P. Ganga Raju Achary

et al.

Bioprinting, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43, P. e00357 - e00357

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
PLLA Porous Scaffold as a 3D Breast Cancer Model to Investigate Drug Resistance DOI

Camilla Carbone,

Salvatrice Rigogliuso, Valerio Brucato

et al.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 16, 2024

ABSTRACT Multidrug resistance remains one of the major challenges in breast cancer research, often leading to treatment failure. To better understand this mechanism, sophisticated three‐dimensional (3D) tumor models are necessary, as they offer several advantages over traditional bidimensional (2D) cultures. In study, poly‐ l ‐lactic‐acid porous scaffolds were produced using a thermally induced phase separation technique and employed 3D for cell lines: MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7, its multidrug‐resistant variant, MCF‐7R. The MTS assay was used compare growth inhibition following doxorubicin 2D 3D. Remarkably, IC 50 values increased cultures compared 2D: MDA‐MB‐231 (445 vs. 54.5 ng/mL), MCF‐7 (7.45 0.75 μg/mL), MCF‐7R (165 39 μg/mL). MCF‐7R, which usually shows greater 2D, demonstrated even higher fact, not reached within 3 days with other models, but only after 6 days. Cellular morphology also played crucial role. When treated concentrations than , cells lost their physiological clustered structure, while resistant variant exhibited disrupted layers. All lines showed chemoresistance, suggesting more biomimetic spatial architecture. Our work bridges gap between monolayer animal highlighting potential polymeric research.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Immunotherapy in the Battle Against Bone Metastases: Mechanisms and Emerging Treatments DOI Creative Commons
Fatheia N. Hamza,

Khalid S. Mohammad

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(12), P. 1591 - 1591

Published: Nov. 26, 2024

Bone metastases are a prevalent complication in advanced cancers, particularly breast, prostate, and lung associated with severe skeletal-related events (SREs), including fractures, spinal cord compression, debilitating pain. Conventional bone-targeted treatments like bisphosphonates RANKL inhibitors (denosumab) reduce osteoclast-mediated bone resorption but do not directly impact tumor progression within the bone. This review focuses on examining growing potential of immunotherapy targeting unique challenges posed by metastases. Even though immune checkpoint (ICIs) have significantly changed cancer treatment, their appears limited because microenvironment’s immunosuppressive traits, which include high levels transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) immune-suppressing cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) myeloid-derived suppressor (MDSCs). underscores investigation combined therapeutic approaches that might ease these difficulties, synergy agents aimed at bones (denosumab, bisphosphonates), chemotherapy, radiotherapy, well combination different immunotherapeutic methods, CAR T-cell therapy. provides comprehensive analysis preclinical studies clinical trials show synergistic approaches, aim to both enhance responses mitigate destruction. By offering an in-depth exploration how strategies can be tailored microenvironment, this need for personalized treatment approaches. The findings emphasize urgent further research into overcoming evasion metastases, goal improving patient survival quality life.

Language: Английский

Citations

0