Epigenetics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(1)
Published: March 12, 2023
N4-acetylcytidine
(ac4C)
is
one
type
of
RNA
modification
found
in
eukaryotes.
acetylation
modifications
are
gradually
expanding
oncology.
However,
the
role
colorectal
cancer
and
its
association
with
microsatellite
status
remain
unclear.
Using
public
databases
vitro
experiments,
we
verified
expression
biological
function
NAT10,
as
key
enzyme,
cancer.
The
results
showed
that
NAT10
was
highly
expressed
cancer,
significantly
promoted
cell
proliferation.
also
involved
several
aspects
homoeostasis
such
ion
transport,
calcium-dependent
phospholipid
binding,
stability.
positively
correlated
immune
infiltration
We
further
constructed
a
risk
regression
model
for
mRNA
using
acetylation-related
differential
genes.
tumour
infiltration,
instability
(MSI)
proportion,
mutation
burden,
patient
response
to
immunotherapy
were
scores.
For
first
time,
our
study
level
elevated
correlates
patients.
Based
on
findings,
may
be
new
target
treatment.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: July 22, 2024
Abstract
Cytokines
are
critical
in
regulating
immune
responses
and
cellular
behavior,
playing
dual
roles
both
normal
physiology
the
pathology
of
diseases
such
as
cancer.
These
molecules,
including
interleukins,
interferons,
tumor
necrosis
factors,
chemokines,
growth
factors
like
TGF-β,
VEGF,
EGF,
can
promote
or
inhibit
growth,
influence
microenvironment,
impact
efficacy
cancer
treatments.
Recent
advances
targeting
these
pathways
have
shown
promising
therapeutic
potential,
offering
new
strategies
to
modulate
system,
progression,
overcome
resistance
conventional
therapies.
In
this
review,
we
summarized
current
understanding
implications
cytokine
chemokine
signaling
By
exploring
molecules
biology
response,
highlighted
development
novel
agents
aimed
at
modulating
combat
The
review
elaborated
on
nature
cytokines
promoters
suppressors
tumorigenesis,
depending
context,
discussed
challenges
opportunities
presents
for
intervention.
We
also
examined
latest
advancements
targeted
therapies,
monoclonal
antibodies,
bispecific
receptor
inhibitors,
fusion
proteins,
engineered
variants,
their
metastasis,
microenvironment.
Additionally,
evaluated
potential
combining
therapies
with
other
treatment
modalities
improve
patient
outcomes.
Besides,
focused
ongoing
research
clinical
trials
that
pivotal
advancing
our
application
cytokine-
chemokine-targeted
patients.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(2), P. 223 - 223
Published: Feb. 4, 2024
Niosomes
are
vesicular
nanocarriers,
biodegradable,
relatively
non-toxic,
stable,
and
inexpensive,
that
provide
an
alternative
for
lipid-solid
carriers
(e.g.,
liposomes).
may
resolve
issues
related
to
the
instability,
fast
degradation,
bioavailability,
insolubility
of
different
drugs
or
natural
compounds.
can
be
very
efficient
potential
systems
specific
delivery
anticancer,
antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory,
antimicrobial,
antibacterial
molecules.
This
review
aims
present
overview
their
composition,
most
common
formulation
techniques,
as
well
recent
utilizations
in
cancer
therapy.
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: June 20, 2024
Abstract
RNA
methylation,
a
prevalent
post-transcriptional
modification,
has
garnered
considerable
attention
in
research
circles.
It
exerts
regulatory
control
over
diverse
biological
functions
by
modulating
splicing,
translation,
transport,
and
stability.
Notably,
studies
have
illuminated
the
substantial
impact
of
methylation
on
tumor
immunity.
The
primary
types
encompass
N6-methyladenosine
(m6A),
5-methylcytosine
(m5C),
N1-methyladenosine
(m1A),
N7-methylguanosine
(m7G),
3-methylcytidine
(m3C).
Compelling
evidence
underscores
involvement
regulating
microenvironment
(TME).
By
affecting
translation
stability
through
"writers",
"erasers"
"readers",
influence
dysregulation
immune
cells
factors.
Consequently,
plays
pivotal
role
immunity
mediating
various
behaviors,
encompassing
proliferation,
invasion,
metastasis,
etc.
In
this
review,
we
discussed
mechanisms
several
methylations,
providing
comprehensive
overview
their
roles
underlying
within
among
immunocytes.
exploring
how
these
modifications
mediate
evasion,
also
examine
potential
applications
immunotherapy.
This
review
aims
to
provide
novel
insights
strategies
for
identifying
targets
advancing
cancer
immunotherapy
efficacy.
Biomarker Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Jan. 16, 2024
Abstract
As
a
newly
identified
checkpoint,
T
cell
immunoreceptor
with
immunoglobulin
and
tyrosine-based
inhibitory
motif
(ITIM)
domain
(TIGIT)
is
highly
expressed
on
CD4
+
cells,
CD8
natural
killer
(NK)
regulatory
cells
(Tregs),
tumor-infiltrating
lymphocytes
(TILs).
TIGIT
has
been
associated
NK
exhaustion
in
vivo
individuals
various
cancers.
It
not
only
modulates
survival
but
also
mediates
exhaustion.
the
primary
ligand
of
humans,
CD155
may
be
main
target
for
immunotherapy
due
to
its
interaction
TIGIT.
found
that
anti-programmed
death
protein
1
(PD-1)
treatment
response
cancer
correlated
Anti-TIGIT
alone
combination
anti-PD-1
agents
have
tested
immunotherapy.
Although
two
clinical
studies
advanced
lung
had
positive
results,
TIGIT-targeted
antibody,
tiragolumab,
recently
failed
new
trials.
In
this
review,
we
highlight
current
developments
discuss
characteristics
functions
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(5), P. 1029 - 1029
Published: March 2, 2024
Colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
is
the
second-leading
cause
of
cancer-related
mortality
worldwide.
CRC
results
almost
exclusively
from
metastatic
disease
(mCRC)
for
which
systemic
chemotherapy
often
a
preferred
therapeutic
option.
Biomarker-based
stratification
mCRC
enables
use
precision
therapy
based
on
individual
tumor
mutational
profiles.
Activating
mutations
in
RAS/RAF/MAPK
pathway
downstream
EGFR
signaling
have,
until
recently,
limited
EGFR-targeted
therapies
mCRC;
however,
development
anti-RAS
and
anti-RAF
together
with
improved
strategies
to
limit
compensatory
pathways
resulting
survival
rates
several
highly
lethal
sub-types
(e.g.,
BRAF-mutant).
The
fluoropyrimidine
(FP)-based
regimens
treat
continues
evolve
contributing
long-term
survival.
Future
advances
will
need
position
relative
made
oncology.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(14), P. 11673 - 11673
Published: July 19, 2023
Therapeutic
options
for
metastatic
colorectal
cancer
(mCRC)
are
very
limited,
and
the
prognosis
using
combination
therapy
with
a
chemotherapeutic
drug
targeted
agent,
e.g.,
epidermal
growth
factor
receptor
or
tyrosine
kinase,
remains
poor.
Therefore,
mCRC
is
associated
poor
median
overall
survival
(mOS)
of
only
25–30
months.
Current
immunotherapies
checkpoint
inhibitor
blockade
(ICB)
have
led
to
substantial
change
in
treatment
several
cancers,
such
as
melanoma
non-small
cell
lung
cancer.
In
CRC,
ICB
has
limited
effects,
except
patients
microsatellite
instability-high
(MSI-H)
mismatch
repair-deficient
(dMMR)
tumors,
which
comprise
about
15%
sporadic
CRC
4%
CRC.
The
vast
majority
CRCs
microsatellite-stable
(MSS)
tumors
low
levels
infiltrating
immune
cells,
immunotherapy
no
clinical
benefit
so
far.
Immunotherapy
inhibitors
requires
presence
T
cells
into
tumor
microenvironment
(TME).
This
makes
most
important
effector
TME,
evidenced
by
establishment
immunoscore—a
method
estimate
patients.
contains
types
that
anti-tumorigenic,
CD8+
pro-tumorigenic,
regulatory
(Tregs)
helper
17
(Th17)
cells.
However,
even
show
marked
heterogeneity,
they
can
become
exhausted,
enter
state
hyporesponsiveness
dysfunctional
express
high
molecules,
targets
ICB.
To
kill
need
recognition
MHC
class
I,
often
downregulated
on
this
case,
population
unconventional
γδ
overcome
limitations
conventional
an
αβT
receptor.
recognize
antigens
MHC-independent
manner,
thus
acting
bridge
between
innate
adaptive
immunity.
Here,
we
discuss
effects
different
subsets
special
emphasis
possibility
them
CAR-T
therapy.
We
explain
exclusion
possibilities
enable
these
“cold”
tumors.
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(4), P. 1022 - 1022
Published: Feb. 6, 2023
About
5
to
15%
of
all
colorectal
cancers
harbor
mismatch
repair
deficient/microsatellite
instability–high
status
(dMMR/MSI-H)
that
associates
with
high
tumor
mutation
burden
and
increased
immunogenicity.
As
a
result,
in
contrast
other
cancer
phenotypes,
significant
subset
dMMR/MSI-H
patients
strongly
benefit
from
immunotherapy.
Yet,
large
proportion
these
tumors
remain
unresponsive
any
immuno-modulating
treatment.
For
this
reason,
current
efforts
are
focused
on
the
characterization
resistance
mechanisms
identification
predictive
biomarkers
guide
therapeutic
decision-making.
Here,
we
provide
an
overview
new
advances
related
diagnosis
definition
focus
distinct
clinical,
functional,
molecular
cues
associate
cancer.
We
review
development
novel
factors
response
or
immunotherapy
their
potential
application
clinical
setting.
Finally,
discuss
emerging
strategies
applied
treatment
localized
metastatic
neoadjuvant
adjuvant
