Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions

International Journal of Oral Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops on the mucosal epithelium of oral cavity. It accounts for approximately 90% malignancies and impairs appearance, pronunciation, swallowing, flavor perception. In 2020, 377,713 OSCC cases were reported globally. According to Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), incidence will rise by 40% 2040, accompanied a growth in mortality. Persistent exposure various risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, betel quid (BQ), human papillomavirus (HPV), lead development potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which are lesions with an increased developing into OSCC. Complex multifactorial, oncogenesis process involves genetic alteration, epigenetic modification, dysregulated tumor microenvironment. Although therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, nanomedicine, have been proposed prevent or treat OPMDs, understanding mechanism facilitate identification prognostic thereby improving efficacy treatment patients. This review summarizes mechanisms involved Moreover, current interventions methods OPMDs discussed comprehension provide several prospective outlooks fields.

Language: Английский

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Managing the immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma: the outlook for osteosarcoma treatment

Bone Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Osteosarcoma, with poor survival after metastasis, is considered the most common primary bone cancer in adolescents. Notwithstanding efforts of researchers, its five-year rate has only shown limited improvement, suggesting that existing therapeutic strategies are insufficient to meet clinical needs. Notably, immunotherapy certain advantages over traditional tumor treatments inhibiting metastasis. Therefore, managing immune microenvironment osteosarcoma can provide novel and valuable insight into multifaceted mechanisms underlying heterogeneity progression disease. Additionally, given advances nanomedicine, there exist many advanced nanoplatforms for enhanced satisfactory physiochemical characteristics. Here, we review classification, characteristics, functions key components osteosarcoma. This also emphasizes application, progress, prospects discusses several nanomedicine-based options enhance efficiency treatment. Furthermore, examine disadvantages standard present future perspectives immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Drug-induced oxidative stress in cancer treatments: Angel or devil?

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63, P. 102754 - 102754

Published: May 18, 2023

Oxidative stress (OS), defined as redox imbalance in favor of oxidant burden, is one the most significant biological events cancer progression. Cancer cells generally represent a higher level, which suggests dual therapeutic strategy by regulating status (i.e., pro-oxidant therapy and/or antioxidant therapy). Indeed, exhibits great anti-cancer capability, attributing to accumulation within cells, whereas restore homeostasis has been claimed fail several clinical practices. Targeting vulnerability pro-oxidants capable generating excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) surfaced an important strategy. However, multiple adverse effects caused indiscriminate attacks uncontrolled drug-induced OS on normal tissues and drug-tolerant capacity some certain greatly limit their further applications. Herein, we review representative oxidative drugs summarize side organs, emphasizing that seeking balance between damage value exploiting next-generation OS-based chemotherapeutics.

Language: Английский

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Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Cancer remains a significant risk to human health. Nanomedicine is new multidisciplinary field that garnering lot of interest and investigation. shows great potential for cancer diagnosis treatment. Specifically engineered nanoparticles can be employed as contrast agents in diagnostics enable high sensitivity high-resolution tumor detection by imaging examinations. Novel approaches labeling are also made possible the use nanoprobes nanobiosensors. The achievement targeted medication delivery therapy accomplished through rational design manufacture nanodrug carriers. Nanoparticles have capability effectively transport medications or gene fragments tissues via passive active targeting processes, thus enhancing treatment outcomes while minimizing harm healthy tissues. Simultaneously, context radiation sensitization photothermal enhance therapeutic efficacy malignant tumors. This review presents literature overview summary how nanotechnology used According oncological diseases originating from different systems body combining pathophysiological features cancers at sites, we most recent developments applications. Finally, briefly discuss prospects challenges cancer.

Language: Английский

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Targeting Glucose Metabolism Enzymes in Cancer Treatment: Current and Emerging Strategies

Cancers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(19), P. 4568 - 4568

Published: Sept. 21, 2022

Reprogramming of glucose metabolism provides sufficient energy and raw materials for the proliferation, metastasis, immune escape cancer cells, which is enabled by metabolism-related enzymes that are abundantly expressed in a broad range cancers. Therefore, targeting has emerged as promising strategy anticancer drug development. Although several modulators have been approved treatment recent years, some limitations exist, such short half-life, poor solubility, numerous adverse effects. With rapid development medicinal chemicals, more advanced effective enzyme-targeted drugs developed. Additionally, studies found natural products can suppress progression regulating enzymes. In this review, we summarize mechanisms underlying reprogramming present could serve therapeutic targets. addition, systematically review existing enzymes, including small-molecule products. Finally, opportunities challenges also discussed. conclusion, combining with conventional may be strategy.

Language: Английский

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Cuproptosis: Harnessing Transition Metal for Cancer Therapy

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(20), P. 19581 - 19599

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

Transition metal elements, such as copper, play diverse and pivotal roles in oncology. They act constituents of metalloenzymes involved cellular metabolism, function signaling molecules to regulate the proliferation metastasis tumors, are integral components metal-based anticancer drugs. Notably, recent research reveals that excessive copper can also modulate occurrence programmed cell death (PCD), known cuprotosis, cancer cells. This modulation occurs through disruption tumor metabolism induction proteotoxic stress. discovery uncovers a mode interaction between transition metals proteins, emphasizing intricate link homeostasis metabolism. Moreover, they provide innovative therapeutic strategies for precise diagnosis treatment malignant tumors. At crossroads chemistry oncology, we undertake comprehensive review elucidating molecular mechanisms underpinning cuproptosis. Additionally, summarize current nanotherapeutic approaches target cuproptosis an overview available laboratory clinical methods monitoring this process. In context emerging concepts, challenges, opportunities, emphasize significant potential nanotechnology advancement field.

Language: Английский

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Targeting toll-like receptor 7/8 for immunotherapy: recent advances and prospectives

Biomarker Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Dec. 7, 2022

Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a large family of proteins that expressed in immune cells and various tumor cells. TLR7/8 located the intracellular endosomes, participate surveillance play different roles growth. Activation TLRs 7 8 triggers induction Th1 type innate response highly sophisticated process immunity signaling with recent research advances involving small molecule activation TLR 8. The wide range expression clinical significance TLR7/TLR8 kinds cancers have been extensively explored. can be used as novel diagnostic biomarkers, progression prognostic indicators, immunotherapeutic targets for tumors. Although mechanism action cancer immunotherapy is still incomplete, on T involved regulation cell function serve co-stimulatory molecules activate immunity. agonists cell-mediated antitumor responses both adaptive to improve therapy. Recently, drugs TLR7 or TLR8 scaffolds developed. These lead certain cytokines chemokines applied treatment some diseases good adjutants vaccines. Furthermore, potential therapeutics tumor-targeted In this review, we summarize development strategies targeting patients chronic hepatitis B.

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticles in cancer theragnostic and drug delivery: A comprehensive review

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 352, P. 122899 - 122899

Published: July 9, 2024

This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of how nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer theragnostic, which combines diagnostic and therapeutic methods to customize treatment. The study examines the unique attributes, uses, difficulties linked different types nanoparticles, including gold, iron oxide, silica, Quantum dots, Carbon nanotubes, liposomes, in context In addition, paper progression nanotheranostics, emphasizing its uses precise medication administration, photothermal therapy, sophisticated such as MRI, CT, fluorescence imaging. Moreover, article highlights capacity nanoparticles improve effectiveness drugs, reduce overall toxicity body, open up new possibilities for treating by releasing drugs a controlled manner targeting specific areas. Furthermore, it tackles concerns regarding compatibility their potential harmful effects, significance continuous nanotherapeutic use medical treatments. finishes outlining future applications predictive oncology customized medicine.

Language: Английский

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Biomaterials for Drug Delivery and Human Applications

Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 456 - 456

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Biomaterials embody a groundbreaking paradigm shift in the field of drug delivery and human applications. Their versatility adaptability have not only enriched therapeutic outcomes but also significantly reduced burden adverse effects. This work serves as comprehensive overview biomaterials, with particular emphasis on their pivotal role delivery, classifying them terms biobased, biodegradable, biocompatible nature, highlighting characteristics advantages. The examination delves into extensive array applications for biomaterials encompassing diverse medical fields such cancer therapy, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, vaccination. explores actual challenges within this domain, including potential toxicity complexity manufacturing processes. These emphasize necessity thorough research continuous development regulatory frameworks. second aim review is to navigate through compelling terrain recent advances prospects envisioning healthcare landscape where they empower precise, targeted, personalized delivery. transform staggering, promise treatments tailored individual patient needs, offering hope improved efficacy, fewer side effects, brighter future practice.

Language: Английский

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Simulation-based approaches for drug delivery systems: Navigating advancements, opportunities, and challenges

Journal of Molecular Liquids, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 395, P. 123888 - 123888

Published: Dec. 27, 2023

Efficient drug delivery systems (DDSs) play a pivotal role in ensuring pharmaceuticals' targeted and effective administration. However, the intricate interplay between formulations poses challenges their design optimization. Simulations have emerged as indispensable tools for comprehending these interactions enhancing DDS performance to address this complexity. This comprehensive review explores latest advancements simulation techniques provides detailed analysis. The encompasses various methodologies, including molecular dynamics (MD), Monte Carlo (MC), finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid (CFD), density functional theory (DFT), machine learning (ML), dissipative particle (DPD). These are critically examined context of research. article presents illustrative case studies involving liposomal, polymer-based, nano-particulate, implantable DDSs, demonstrating influential simulations optimizing systems. Furthermore, addresses advantages limitations It also identifies future directions research development, such integrating multiple techniques, refining validating models greater accuracy, overcoming limitations, exploring applications personalized medicine innovative DDSs. employing like MD, MC, FEA, CFD, DFT, ML, DPD offer crucial insights into behaviour, aiding Despite advantages, rapid cost-effective screening, require validation addressing limitations. Future should focus on models, enhance outcomes. paper underscores contribution emphasizing providing valuable facilitating development optimization ultimately patient As we continue explore impact advancing discovery improving DDSs is expected be profound.

Language: Английский

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