Antigenic evolution of SARS coronavirus 2

Current Opinion in Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62, P. 101349 - 101349

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, emerged in China December 2019. Vaccines developed were very effective initially, however, virus has shown remarkable evolution with multiple variants spreading globally over last three years. Nowadays, newly emerging Omicron lineages are gaining substitutions at a fast rate, resulting escape from neutralization by antibodies that target Spike protein. Tools to map impact on further antigenic SARS-CoV-2, such as cartography, may be helpful update SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this review, we focus highlighting protein individually and combination immune escape.

Language: Английский

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Potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies against sarbecoviruses induced by sequential COVID-19 vaccination

Cell Discovery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Abstract The current SARS-CoV-2 variants strikingly evade all authorized monoclonal antibodies and threaten the efficacy of serum-neutralizing activity elicited by vaccination or prior infection, urging need to develop antivirals against related sarbecoviruses. Here, we identified both potent broadly neutralizing from a five-dose vaccinated donor who exhibited cross-reactive diverse coronaviruses. Through single B-cell sorting sequencing followed tailor-made computational pipeline, successfully selected 86 with potential cross-neutralizing ability 684 antibody sequences. Among them, PW5-570 potently neutralized that arose Omicron BA.5, other three could neutralize concern, SARS-CoV their sarbecoviruses (Pangolin-GD, RaTG13, WIV-1, SHC014). Cryo-EM analysis demonstrates these have neutralization mechanisms, such as disassembling spike trimers, binding RBM SD1 affect ACE2 binding. In addition, prophylactic administration significantly protects nasal turbinate lung infections BA.1, XBB.1, viral challenge in golden Syrian hamsters, respectively. Importantly, post-exposure treatment PW5-5 PW5-535 also markedly XBB.1 models. This study reveals utility process assist screening antibodies, well potency vaccine-induced sarbecoviruses, offering promising avenues for development broad therapeutic drugs.

Language: Английский

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Key Considerations during the Transition from the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 1502 - 1502

Published: Sept. 19, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has been met with an unprecedented response from the scientific community, leading to development, investigation, and authorization of vaccines antivirals, ultimately reducing impact SARS-CoV-2 on global public health. However, is far being eradicated, continues evolve, causes substantial health economic burdens. In this narrative review, we posit essential points its responsible management during transition acute phase pandemic. As discussed, despite Omicron (sub)variant(s) causing clinically milder infections, a negligible pathogen. It requires continued genomic surveillance, particularly if one considers that future (sub)lineages do not necessarily have be milder. Antivirals remain elements in management. former could benefit further development improvements dosing, while seasonal administration latter simplification increase interest tackle vaccine hesitancy. also ensure accessibility pharmaceuticals low-income countries improve understanding their use context long-term goals Regardless location, primary role awareness education must played by healthcare workers, who directly communicate patients serve as models for healthy behaviors.

Language: Английский

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Systematic review and meta-analysis of the factors affecting waning of post-vaccination neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2

npj Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

Mass COVID-19 vaccination and continued introduction of new SARS-CoV-2 variants increased prevalence hybrid immunity at various stages waning protection. We systematically reviewed post-vaccination neutralizing antibody titers in different immunological settings to investigate differences. searched published pre-print studies providing responses against the Index strain or Omicron BA.1. used random effects meta-regression estimate fold-reduction from months 1 6 post last dose by primary vs booster regimen infection-naïve hybrid-immune cohorts. Among 26 eligible studies, 65 cohorts (range 3-21 per stratum) were identified. Month-1 varied widely across within each cohort vaccine platform, number doses prior infections. In cohorts, waned 5.1-fold (95%CI: 3.4-7.8; n = 19 cohorts) post-primary 3.8-fold 2.4-5.9; 21) post-booster 6, BA.1 5.9-fold 3.8-9.0; 16) post-booster; too low assess. hybrid-immune, 3.7-fold 1.7-7.9; 8) 5.0-fold 1.1-21.8; 6) BA.1; few (n 3 strain) Waning was similar prior-infection status strata but faster for than strains, therefore, more recent sub-variants should be monitored. Wide differences peak platform infection mean drop non-protective levels sooner some instances, which may affect policy.

Language: Английский

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The XBB.1.5 slightly increase the binding affinity for host receptor ACE2 and exhibit strongest immune escaping features: molecular modeling and free energy calculation

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: May 31, 2023

Introduction: The current XBB variant of SARS-CoV-2 with the strongest immune escaping properties is currently most dominant circulating around world. With emergence global morbidities and mortalities have raised again. In scenario, it was highly required to delineate binding capabilities NTD subvariant towards human neutralizing antibodies dig out affinity RBD ACE2 receptor. Materials Methods: study uses molecular interaction simulation-based approaches decipher mechanism mAb spike protein. Results: Molecular docking Wild type revealed a score -113.2 ± 0.7 kcal/mol while reported -76.2 2.3 kcal/mol. On other hand, wild-type receptor demonstrated scores -115.0 1.5 -120.8 3.4 respectively. Moreover, network analysis also significant variations in number hydrogen bonds, salt-bridges, non-bonded contacts. These findings were further validated by computing dissociation constant (KD). simulation such as RMSD, RMSF, Rg bonding variation dynamics features complexes due acquired mutations. Furthermore, total energy for complex -50.10 XBB-RBD coupled -52.66 This shows though slightly increased but factors makes enter into host cell efficiently than wild type. free wildtype NTD-mAb calculated be -65.94 -35.06 difference explains that possess stronger evasion others variants Conclusions: provides structural which can used design novel therapeutics.

Language: Английский

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Key Essentials during the Transition from the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has been met with an unprecedented response from the scientific community leading to development, study, and authorization of vaccines antivirals, ultimately reducing impact SARS-CoV-2 on global public health. However, is far being eradicated, continues evolve, causes substantial health economic burdens. In this paper, we posit essential points its management during transition acute phase pandemic. As discussed, despite Omicron (sub)variant(s) causing clinically milder infections, a negligible pathogen. It requires continued genomic surveillance, particularly if one considers that future (sub)lineages do not necessarily have be milder. Antivirals remain elements in management. former could benefit further development improvements dosing, while seasonal administration latter simplification increase interest tackle vaccine hesitancy. also ensure accessibility pharmaceuticals low-income countries improve understanding their use context long-term goals Regardless location, primary role awareness education must played by healthcare workers who directly communicate patients serve as models for healthy behaviors.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 emerging Omicron subvariants with a special focus on BF.7 and XBB.1.5 recently posing fears of rising cases amid ongoing COVID-19 pandemic

Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 1215 - 1221

Published: Dec. 31, 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron versions have been the sole one circulating for quite some time. Subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5 of emerged over time through mutation, with BA.1 responsible most global pandemic between December 2021 January 2022. Other subvariants such as BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, BA.2.75.2, XBB.1 appeared recently could cause a new wave increased cases amid ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. There is evidence that certain transmissibility, extra spike mutations, ability to overcome protective effects neutralizing antibodies immunological evasion. In recent months, BF.7 subvariant has in news due its spread China small number other countries, raising concerns about possible rebound cases. More recently, XBB.1.5 captured international attention an increase United States. As highly transmissible sublineage BA.5, well having shorter incubation potential reinfect or infect immune population, stronger infection ability. It appears regional landscape affected by amount timing previous waves, vaccination coverage, which turn determines whether escape sufficient drive waves. Expanding our understanding transmission efficacy vaccines, immunotherapeutics, antiviral drugs against newly emerging lineages, bolstering genomic facilities tracking their maintaining constant vigilance, shedding more light on evolution mutational events, would help development effective mitigation strategies. Importantly, reducing occurrence mutations recombination virus can be aided One health approach emphasizing significance combating zoonosis reversal linked COVID-19. This article provides brief overview variant, lineages subvairants special focus much infectious variations may once again threaten sharp globally currently pandemic, along presenting salient measures.

Language: Английский

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Recreating the biological steps of viral infection on a cell-free bioelectronic platform to profile viral variants of concern

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 3, 2024

Abstract Viral mutations frequently outpace technologies used to detect harmful variants. Given the continual emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, platforms that can identify presence a virus and its propensity for infection are needed. Our electronic biomembrane sensing platform recreates distinct host cell entry pathways reports progression as electrical signals. We focus on two necessary processes mediated by viral Spike protein: binding membrane fusion, which be distinguished electrically. find closely related variants concern exhibit fusion signatures correlate with trends in cell-based infectivity assays, allowing us report quantitative differences their characteristics hence potentials. use our prototype, but we anticipate this extend other enveloped viruses lines quantifiably assess entry.

Language: Английский

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Viral sepsis-induced mortality of older patients infected by the Omicron subvariant BA.5 of SARS-CoV-2: a retrospective study

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 22, 2025

The infection by the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among older population induced viral sepsis and put them at high risk severity mortality. We retrospectively investigated 268 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized in two tertiary medical centers Jiangsu Province, China, from December 2022 to January 2023, who met Sepsis- 3 criteria. Patients were divided into survivor (n = 111) non-survivor 157) groups, their baseline clinical characteristics, including demographic information, history, manifestation, laboratory test results, arterial blood gas profiles computed tomography (CT) patterns, compared between groups evaluate factors for in-hospital death caused sepsis. median age was 78.5 (IQR: 71.3-84.8), 69.0% male. 45.9% aged ≥ 80 years. From illness onset hospitalization length time 7 days, while duration 10.0 days 6.0-20.8) stay intensive care unit (ICU) 7.0 4.0-14.0). cycle threshold (Ct) values ORF1ab N gene amplification 30.3 29.2, respectively. Hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases prevailed patients' comorbidity list. After parameters, exchange profiles, radiological patterns examined, a substantial impact multiple organ dysfunctions subvariant BA.5 observed both groups. As result, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score significantly factorial mortality COVID-19 (a fatality rate 58.6%), consistent determinants non-viral With subvariants having lower pathogenicity but higher transmissibility pre-Omicron concern (VOC), remains most vulnerable infection, which could lead septic shock, highlighting importance timely booster vaccinations.

Language: Английский

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Variant-specific antibody response following repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(7), P. 114387 - 114387

Published: June 18, 2024

The ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants poses challenges to the immunity induced by infections and vaccination. We conduct a 6-month longitudinal evaluation antibody binding neutralization sera from individuals with six different combinations vaccination infection against BA.5, XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, BA.2.86. find that most produce spike-binding IgG or neutralizing antibodies BA.2.86 2 months after However, compared ancestral strain BA.5 variant, exhibit comparable but significant immune evasion. titers decrease in without additional antigen exposure, <50% neutralize during follow-up. Approximately 57% 107 followed up experienced an infection, leading improved levels these variants. These findings provide insights into impact on following repeated exposure.

Language: Английский

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