The gut microbiome in neurological disorders

The Lancet Neurology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 179 - 194

Published: Nov. 18, 2019

Language: Английский

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Impact of microbiota on central nervous system and neurological diseases: the gut-brain axis

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 1, 2019

Development of central nervous system (CNS) is regulated by both intrinsic and peripheral signals. Previous studies have suggested that environmental factors affect neurological activities under physiological pathological conditions. Although there anatomical separation, emerging evidence has indicated the existence bidirectional interaction between gut microbiota, i.e., (diverse microorganisms colonizing human intestine), brain. The cross-talk microbiota brain may crucial impact during basic neurogenerative processes, in neurodegenerative disorders tumors CNS. In this review, we discuss biological interplay gut-brain axis, further explore how communication be dysregulated diseases. Further, highlight new insights modification composition, which emerge as a promising therapeutic approach to treat CNS disorders.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

The human body is full of an extensive number commensal microbes, consisting bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the microbiome. initial acquisition microbiota occurs from both external maternal environments, vast majority them colonize gastrointestinal tract (GIT). These microbial communities play a central role in maturation development immune system, nervous GIT system are also responsible for essential metabolic pathways. Various factors, including host genetic predisposition, environmental lifestyle, diet, antibiotic or nonantibiotic drug use, etc., affect composition gut microbiota. Recent publications have highlighted that imbalance microflora, known as dysbiosis, associated with onset progression neurological disorders. Moreover, characterization microbiome-host cross talk pathways provides insight into novel therapeutic strategies. Novel preclinical clinical research on interventions related to microbiome treating conditions, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's epilepsy, stroke, hold significant promise. This review aims present comprehensive overview potential involvement pathogenesis particular emphasis microbe-based therapies and/or diagnostic biomarkers. discusses health benefits administration probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics fecal transplantation

Language: Английский

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Trimethylamine N-Oxide Binds and Activates PERK to Promote Metabolic Dysfunction

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 30(6), P. 1141 - 1151.e5

Published: Sept. 19, 2019

Language: Английский

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The mutual interplay of gut microbiota, diet and human disease

FEBS Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 287(5), P. 833 - 855

Published: Jan. 19, 2020

The intestinal milieu harbours the gut microbiota, consisting of a complex community bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses and protozoans that bring to host organism an endowment cells genes more numerous than its own. In last 10 years, mounting evidence has highlighted prominent influence mutualistic bacterial communities on human health. Microbial colonization occurs alongside with immune system development plays role in physiology. microbiota does not undergo significant fluctuations throughout adult life. However, infections, antibiotic treatment, lifestyle, surgery diet might profoundly affect it. Gut dysbiosis, defined as marked alterations amount function microorganisms, is correlated aetiology chronic noncommunicable diseases, ranging from cardiovascular, neurologic, respiratory metabolic illnesses cancer. this review, we focus interplay among provide perspective their unique metabolites pathogenesis and/or progression various disorders. We discuss interventions based microbiome studies, faecal transplantation, probiotics prebiotics, introduce concept correcting dysbiosis can ameliorate disease symptoms, thus offering new approach towards treatment.

Language: Английский

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Microglia, Lifestyle Stress, and Neurodegeneration

Immunity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 52(2), P. 222 - 240

Published: Jan. 7, 2020

Language: Английский

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Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, disease. advent new sequencing technologies culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations shed light on microbiome–host interactions. Evidence unveiled bidirectional communication between central nervous system, referred as “microbiota–gut–brain axis”. microbiota–gut–brain axis represents an important regulator glial functions, making it actionable target ameliorate development progression neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss mechanisms As provides essential cues microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, examine communications microbiota these cells during healthy states Subsequently, diseases using metabolite-centric approach, while also examining role microbiota-related neurotransmitters hormones. Next, targeting intestinal barrier, blood–brain meninges, peripheral immune system counteract dysfunction neurodegeneration. Finally, conclude by assessing pre-clinical clinical evidence probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation A thorough comprehension will foster effective therapeutic interventions for management

Language: Английский

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Microbiota-derived metabolites as drivers of gut–brain communication

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 28, 2022

Alterations in the gut microbiota composition have been associated with a range of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The microbes transform metabolize dietary- host-derived molecules generating diverse group metabolites local systemic effects. bi-directional communication between brain residing gut, so-called gut–brain axis, consists network immunological, neuronal, endocrine signaling pathways. Although full variety mechanisms crosstalk is yet to be established, existing data demonstrates that single metabolite or its derivatives are likely among key inductors within axis communication. However, more research needed understand molecular underlying how alter functions, examine if different interventional approaches targeting could used prevention treatment neurological disorders, as reviewed herein.Abbreviations:4-EPS 4-ethylphenylsulfate; 5-AVA(B) 5-aminovaleric acid (betaine); Aβ Amyloid beta protein; AhR Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; ASD Autism spectrum disorder; BBB Blood–brain barrier; BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CNS Central nervous system; GABA ɣ-aminobutyric acid; GF Germ-free; MIA Maternal immune activation; SCFA Short-chain fatty 3M-4-TMAB 3-methyl-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate; 4-TMAP 4-(trimethylammonio)pentanoate; TMA(O) Trimethylamine(-N-oxide); TUDCA Tauroursodeoxycholic ZO Zonula occludens proteins

Language: Английский

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Effect of nutrition on neurodegenerative diseases. A systematic review

Nutritional Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 810 - 834

Published: Nov. 4, 2019

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive functional loss of neurons in brain, causing cognitive impairment and motoneuron disability. Although multifactorial interactions evident, nutrition plays an essential role pathogenesis evolution these diseases. A systematic literature search was performed, prevalence studies evaluated effect Mediterranean diet (MeDiet), nutritional support, EPA DHA, vitamins on memory cognition impairment. The data showed that malnutrition low body mass index (BMI) is correlated with higher development dementia mortality. MeDiet, calorie-controlled diets play a protective against decline, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson (PD) while insulin resistance represent significant risk factors. Malnutrition activates also gut-microbiota-brain axis dysfunction exacerbate neurogenerative process. Omega-3 -6, supplementation seem to be less effective protecting neuron degeneration. Insulin activity prevalent factor contributing brain health

Language: Английский

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The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Diagnosis to Treatment

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 668 - 668

Published: Feb. 5, 2022

Gut microbiota is emerging as a key regulator of many disease conditions and its dysregulation implicated in the pathogenesis several gastrointestinal extraintestinal disorders. More recently, gut microbiome alterations have been linked to neurodegeneration through increasingly defined brain axis, opening possibility for new microbiota-based therapeutic options. Although studies conducted unravel possible relationship between Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) progression, diagnostic potential approaches aiming at restoring eubiosis remain be fully addressed. In this narrative review, we briefly summarize role homeostasis health disease, present evidence AD patients. Based on these observations, then discuss how dysbiosis might exploited tool early advanced stages, examine prebiotics, probiotics, fecal transplantation, diets complementary interventions thus offering insights into diagnosis treatment devastating progressive disease.

Language: Английский

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