Recent Updates of Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment on Osteoarthritis of the Knee

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. 2619 - 2619

Published: March 5, 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative and chronic joint disease characterized by clinical symptoms distortion of tissues. It primarily damages cartilage, causing pain, swelling, stiffness around the joint. major cause disability pain. The prevalence OA expected to increase gradually with aging population increasing obesity. Many potential therapeutic advances have been made in recent years due improved understanding underlying mechanisms, diagnosis, management OA. Embryonic stem cells induced pluripotent differentiate into chondrocytes or mesenchymal (MSCs) can be used as source injectable treatments cavity. MSCs are known most studied cell therapy products cell-based owing their ability immunomodulatory properties. They improve cartilage recovery ultimately restore healthy joints. However, despite currently available therapies research, unfulfilled medical needs persist for treatment. In this review, we focused on contents non-cellular cellular OA, briefly summarized results trials lay solid application basis research.

Language: Английский

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Cancer Vaccine Therapeutics: Limitations and Effectiveness—A Literature Review

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(17), P. 2159 - 2159

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in tumor microenvironment-associated cancer vaccine therapies. These innovative treatments aim to activate and enhance the body’s natural immune response against cells by utilizing specific antigens present microenvironment. The goal is achieve complete clinical response, where all measurable are either eliminated or greatly reduced size. With their potential revolutionize treatment, these therapies represent promising avenue for researchers clinicians alike. Despite over 100 years research, success therapeutic vaccines variable, particularly advanced patients, with various limitations, including heterogeneity microenvironment, presence immunosuppressive cells, escape mechanisms. Additionally, effectiveness may be limited variability patient’s system difficulty identifying appropriate each patient. challenges, microenvironment-targeted have shown results preclinical studies become valuable addition current treatment “curative” options. While chemotherapeutic monoclonal antibody remain popular, ongoing research needed optimize design delivery identify biomarkers that can predict guide patient selection. This comprehensive review explores mechanisms vaccines, methods, role adjuvants improving outcomes. It also discusses historical background examines state major vaccination immunotherapies. Furthermore, limitations type analyzed, providing insights into future development.

Language: Английский

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Stem Cell Therapy: From Idea to Clinical Practice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 2850 - 2850

Published: March 5, 2022

Regenerative medicine is a new and promising mode of therapy for patients who have limited or no other options the treatment their illness. Due to pleotropic therapeutic potential through inhibition inflammation apoptosis, cell recruitment, stimulation angiogenesis, differentiation, stem cells present novel effective approach several challenging human diseases. In recent years, encouraging findings in preclinical studies paved way many clinical trials using various The translation these products from laboratory market conducted under highly defined regulations directives provided by competent regulatory authorities. This review seeks familiarize reader with process an idea practice, context products. We address some required guidelines trial approval, including presented Food Drug Administration (FDA) United States, as well those European Medicine Agency (EMA). Moreover, we review, summarize, discuss regenerative registered on Clinicaltrials.gov website.

Language: Английский

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Nitric oxide-releasing biomaterials for promoting wound healing in impaired diabetic wounds: State of the art and recent trends

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 149, P. 112707 - 112707

Published: March 15, 2022

Impaired diabetic wounds are serious pathophysiological complications associated with persistent microbial infections including failure in the closure of wounds, and cause a high frequency lower limb amputations. The healing is attenuated due to lack secretion growth factors, prolonged inflammation, and/or inhibition angiogenic activity. Diabetic wound can be enhanced by supplying nitric oxide (NO) endogenously or exogenously. NO produced inside cells endothelial synthase (eNOS) naturally aids through its beneficial vasculogenic effects. However, during hyperglycemia, activity eNOS affected, thus there becomes an utmost need for topical supply from exogenous sources. Thus, NO-donors that release loaded into patches coverage matrices treat wounds. burst donors prevented encapsulating them polymeric hydrogels nanoparticles extended duration time In this article, we review etiology strategies, role process. We further discuss challenges faced translating as clinically viable nanomedicine strategy treatment focus on use biomaterials encapsulation vivo controlled delivery NO-donors.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the promising potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in cancer research and therapy

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Nov. 28, 2023

The advent of iPSCs has brought about a significant transformation in stem cell research, opening up promising avenues for advancing cancer treatment. formation is multifaceted process influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. offer distinctive platform investigating the origin cancer, paving way novel approaches to treatment, drug testing, tailored medical interventions. This review article will provide an overview science behind iPSCs, current limitations challenges iPSC-based therapy, ethical social implications, comparative analysis with other types also discuss applications tumorigenesis, future tumorigenesis highlight successful case studies utilizing research. conclusion summarize advancements made research importance continued investment iPSC unlock full potential these cells.

Language: Английский

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Allogeneic CAR-T Therapy Technologies: Has the Promise Been Met?

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 146 - 146

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

This last decade, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has become a real treatment option for patients with B-cell malignancies, while multiple efforts are being made to extend this other malignancies and broader patient populations. However, several limitations remain, including those associated the time-consuming highly personalized manufacturing of autologous CAR-Ts. Technologies establish "off-the-shelf" allogeneic CAR-Ts low alloreactivity currently developed, strong focus on gene-editing technologies. Although these technologies have many advantages, they also limitations, double-strand breaks in DNA safety risks as well lack modulation. As an alternative, non-gene-editing provide interesting approach support development future, possibilities fine-tuning gene expression easy development. Here, we will review different ways can be manufactured discuss which used. The biggest hurdles successful summarized, finally, overview current clinical evidence comparison its counterpart given.

Language: Английский

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The Progress and Prospects of Immune Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Cancer

Cell Transplantation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Immune cell therapy as a revolutionary treatment modality, significantly transformed cancer care. It is specialized form of immunotherapy that utilizes living immune cells therapeutic reagents for the cancer. Unlike traditional drugs, therapies are considered “living drugs,” and these products currently customized require advanced manufacturing techniques. Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T have received tremendous attention in industry regarding hematologic malignancies, their effectiveness treating solid tumors often restricted, leading to emergence alternative therapies. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) therapy, cytokine-induced killer (CIK) dendritic (DC) vaccines, DC/CIK designed use body’s natural defense mechanisms target eliminate cells, usually fewer side effects or risks. On other hand, therapies, such receptor-T (CAR-T) cell, T (TCR)-T, receptor-natural (CAR-NK), CAR-macrophages (CAR-M) typically utilize either autologous stem allogeneic xenogeneic genetically modified which higher levels manipulation high risk. These high-risk hold special characteristics tumor targeting signal transduction, triggering new anti-tumor responses. Recently, significant advances been achieved both basic clinical researches on mechanisms, product designs, technological innovations. With swift integration innovation landscape, key future development directions emerged. To meet demands advancements cancer, we comprehensively systematically investigate progress this study. Based methodological features analyzed main technical advantages transformation risks associated with We also forecasted application prospects, providing references relevant enterprises necessary information make informed decisions R&D direction selection.

Language: Английский

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Stem Cell Therapy for Diseases of Livestock Animals: An In-Depth Review

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 67 - 67

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Stem cells are unique, undifferentiated that have the ability to both replicate themselves and develop into specialized cell types. This dual capability makes them valuable in development of regenerative medicine. Current stem research has widened their application therapy, drug discovery, reproductive cloning animals, models for various diseases. Although there substantial studies revealing treatment human degenerative diseases using cells, this is yet be explored livestock animals. Many species such as mastitis, laminitis, neuromuscular disorders, autoimmune diseases, some debilitating not covered completely by existing drugs can improved different types like embryonic adult induced pluripotent cells. review mainly focuses on use disease In addition mentioned, potential helpful wound healing, skin genetic disorders. article explores from sources therapy also role conservation endangered well model preparation. Moreover, future perspectives challenges associated with discussed. Overall, transformative impact sector comprehensively studied which will help researchers design work related

Language: Английский

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Cellular reprogramming and epigenetic rejuvenation

Clinical Epigenetics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Sept. 6, 2021

Ageing is an inevitable condition that afflicts all humans. Recent achievements, such as the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells, have delivered preliminary evidence slowing down and reversing ageing process might be possible. However, these techniques usually involve complete dedifferentiation, i.e. somatic cell identity lost cells are converted to a state. Separating rejuvenative properties reprogramming from dedifferentiation promising prospect, termed epigenetic rejuvenation. Reprogramming-induced rejuvenation strategies currently using Yamanaka factors (typically transiently expressed prevent full dedifferentiation) candidates safely reduce biological age. Here, we review development potential reprogramming-induced anti-ageing strategy.

Language: Английский

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Cell Interplay in Osteoarthritis

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Aug. 3, 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease and significant health concern that needs to be urgently solved. OA affects the cartilage entire joint tissues, including subchondral bone, synovium, infrapatellar fat pads. The physiological pathological changes in these tissues affect occurrence development of OA. Understanding complex crosstalk among different their roles initiation progression critical elucidating pathogenic mechanism In this review, we begin with an overview role chondrocytes, synovial cells (synovial fibroblasts macrophages), mast cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, various stem engineered (induced pluripotent cells) pathogenesis. Then, discuss mechanisms by which communicate, paracrine signaling, local microenvironment, co-culture, extracellular vesicles (exosomes), cell tissue engineering. We particularly focus on therapeutic potential clinical applications cell-derived vesicles, serve as modulators cell-to-cell communication, field regenerative medicine, such repair. Finally, challenges limitations related exosome-based treatment for are discussed. This article provides comprehensive summary key might targets future therapies

Language: Английский

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