Small,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
18(36)
Published: March 23, 2022
The
unique
biological
characteristics
and
promising
clinical
potential
of
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
have
galvanized
EV
applications
for
regenerative
medicine.
Recognized
as
important
mediators
intercellular
communication,
naturally
secreted
EVs
the
potential,
innate
biotherapeutics,
to
promote
tissue
regeneration.
Although
emerged
novel
therapeutic
agents,
challenges
related
transition
led
further
functionalization.
In
recent
years,
various
engineering
approaches
such
preconditioning,
drug
loading,
surface
modification
been
developed
potentiate
outcomes
EVs.
Also,
limitations
natural
addressed
by
development
artificial
that
offer
advantages
in
terms
production
yield
isolation
methodologies.
this
review,
an
updated
overview
current
techniques
is
provided
functionalization
advances
EVs,
particularly
scope
Stem Cell Research & Therapy,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Jan. 24, 2022
Recently,
mesenchymal
stromal
cells
(MSCs)
and
also
their
exosome
has
become
a
game-changing
tool
in
the
context
of
tissue
engineering
regenerative
medicine.
MSCs
due
to
competencies
establish
skin
cells,
such
as
fibroblast
keratinocyte,
unique
attribute
suppress
inflammation
wound
site
attracted
increasing
attention
among
scholars.
In
addition,
MSC's
other
capabilities
induce
angiogenesis
result
secretion
pro-angiogenic
factors
accompanied
with
marked
anti-fibrotic
activities,
which
mainly
mediated
by
releases
matrix
metalloproteinase
(MMPs),
make
them
rational
effective
strategy
accelerate
healing
small
scar.
Since
chief
properties
depend
on
paracrine
effects,
it
appears
that
MSCs-derived
exosomes
can
be
an
alternative
option
support
regeneration
innovative
cell-free
approach.
Such
convey
functional
cargos
(e.g.,
growth
factor,
cytokine,
miRNA,
etc.)
from
target
thereby
affecting
recipient
cells'
biological
events,
migration,
proliferation,
ECM
components
collagen).
The
main
superiorities
therapy
over
parental
are
diminished
risk
tumor
formation
lower
immunogenicity.
Herein,
we
deliver
overview
recent
vivo
reports
rendering
therapeutic
benefits
MSCs-based
therapies
ease
healing,
so
improving
quality
life
patients
suffering
conditions.
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
19(1)
Published: July 12, 2021
Abstract
Recently,
mesenchymal
stem/stromal
cells
(MSCs)
due
to
their
pro-angiogenic,
anti-apoptotic,
and
immunoregulatory
competencies
along
with
fewer
ethical
issues
are
presented
as
a
rational
strategy
for
regenerative
medicine.
Current
reports
have
signified
that
the
pleiotropic
effects
of
MSCs
not
related
differentiation
potentials,
but
rather
exerted
through
release
soluble
paracrine
molecules.
Being
nano-sized,
non-toxic,
biocompatible,
barely
immunogenic,
owning
targeting
capability
organotropism,
exosomes
considered
nanocarriers
possible
use
in
diagnosis
therapy.
Exosomes
convey
functional
molecules
such
long
non-coding
RNAs
(lncRNAs)
micro-RNAs
(miRNAs),
proteins
(e.g.,
chemokine
cytokine),
lipids
from
target
cells.
They
participate
intercellular
interaction
procedures
enable
repair
damaged
or
diseased
tissues
organs.
Findings
evidenced
alone
liable
beneficial
influences
myriad
experimental
models,
suggesting
MSC-
can
be
utilized
establish
novel
cell-free
therapeutic
treatment
varied
human
disorders,
encompassing
myocardial
infarction
(MI),
CNS-related
musculoskeletal
disorders
(e.g.
arthritis),
kidney
diseases,
liver
lung
well
cutaneous
wounds.
Importantly,
compared
MSCs,
serve
more
steady
entities
reduced
safety
risks
concerning
injection
live
cells,
microvasculature
occlusion
risk.
In
current
review,
we
will
discuss
potential
an
innovative
approach
context
medicine
highlight
recent
knowledge
on
translational
medicine,
focusing
vivo
researches.
Cell Death and Disease,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(3)
Published: March 26, 2022
Abstract
Mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
have
attracted
interest
for
their
potential
to
alleviate
liver
injury.
Here,
the
protective
effect
of
MSCs
on
carbon
tetrachloride
(CCl
4
)-induced
acute
injury
(ALI)
was
investigated.
In
this
study,
we
illustrated
a
novel
mechanism
that
ferroptosis,
newly
recognized
form
regulated
cell
death,
contributed
CCl
-induced
ALI.
Subsequently,
based
in
vitro
and
vivo
evidence
MSC-derived
exosomes
(MSC-Exo)
treatment
achieved
pathological
remission
inhibited
production
lipid
peroxidation,
proposed
an
MSC-based
therapy
More
intriguingly,
with
MSC-Exo
downregulated
mRNA
level
prostaglandin-endoperoxide
synthase
2
(
Ptgs2
)
lipoxygenases
LOXs
while
it
restored
protein
SLC7A11
primary
hepatocytes
mouse
liver,
indicating
inhibition
ferroptosis
partly
accounted
We
further
revealed
MSC-Exo-induced
expression
accompanied
by
increasing
CD44
OTUB1.
The
aberrant
ubiquitinated
triggered
could
be
rescued
OTUB1-mediated
deubiquitination,
thus
strengthening
stability
thereby
leading
activation
system
X
C
−
prevent
hepatocyte
ferroptosis.
conclusion,
showed
had
role
against
maintaining
function,
proposing
therapeutic
strategy
ferroptosis-induced
Nano Letters,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
22(15), P. 6391 - 6401
Published: July 25, 2022
Exosomes
derived
from
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
have
been
proven
to
exhibit
great
potentials
in
spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
therapy.
However,
conventional
two-dimensional
(2D)
culture
will
inevitably
lead
the
loss
of
stemness
MSCs,
which
substantially
limits
therapeutic
potency
MSCs
exosomes
(2D-Exo).
three-dimensional
(3D-Exo)
possess
higher
efficiency
wide
applications
Typically,
exosome
therapy
that
relies
on
local
repeated
injection
results
secondary
and
low
efficiency.
It
is
urgent
develop
a
more
reliable,
convenient,
effective
delivery
method
achieve
constant
situ
release.
Herein,
we
proposed
controlled
3D-exohydrogel
hybrid
microneedle
array
patch
SCI
repair
situ.
Our
studies
suggested
with
3D-culturing
could
maintain
their
stemness,
consequently,
3D-Exo
effectively
reduced
SCI-induced
inflammation
glial
scarring.
Thus,
it
promising
strategy
for
treatment
SCI.
Stem Cell Research & Therapy,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Oct. 30, 2021
Abstract
Exosomes
are
extracellular
vesicles
secreted
by
various
cells,
mainly
composed
of
lipid
bilayers
without
organelles.
In
recent
years,
an
increasing
number
researchers
have
focused
on
the
use
exosomes
for
drug
delivery.
Targeted
delivery
in
body
is
a
promising
method
treating
many
refractory
diseases
such
as
tumors
and
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD).
Finding
suitable
carrier
has
become
popular
research
today.
studies,
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSC-EXOs)
been
broadly
researched
due
to
their
immune
properties,
tumor-homing
elastic
properties.
While
MSC-EXOs
apparent
advantages,
some
unresolved
problems
also
exist.
This
article
reviews
studies
delivery,
summarizes
characteristics
MSC-EXOs,
introduces
primary
production
purification
methods
loading
provide
solutions
existing
suggestions
future
studies.
International Journal of Oral Science,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Dec. 1, 2021
Although
mesenchymal
stem
cell-derived
exosomes
(MSC-exos)
have
been
shown
to
therapeutic
effects
in
experimental
periodontitis,
their
drawbacks,
such
as
low
yield
and
limited
efficacy,
hampered
clinical
application.
These
drawbacks
can
be
largely
reduced
by
replacing
the
traditional
2D
culture
system
with
a
3D
system.
However,
potential
function
of
MSC-exos
produced
(3D-exos)
periodontitis
remains
elusive.
This
study
showed
that
compared
generated
via
(2D-exos),
3D-exos
enhanced
anti-inflammatory
ligature-induced
model
restoring
reactive
T
helper
17
(Th17)
cell/Treg
balance
inflamed
periodontal
tissues.
Mechanistically,
exhibited
greater
enrichment
miR-1246,
which
suppress
expression
Nfat5,
key
factor
mediates
Th17
cell
polarization
sequence-dependent
manner.
Furthermore,
we
found
recovery
periodontium
local
injection
attenuated
colitis.
Our
not
only
through
miR-1246/Nfat5
axis,
improved
treatment
but
also
it
provided
basis
for
treating
inflammatory
bowel
disease
(IBD)
immune
responses
periodontium.
Molecules and Cells,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
45(5), P. 284 - 290
Published: May 1, 2022
formulation
stages,
production
under
Good
Manufacturing
Practice
(GMP)
conditions
for
clinical
use,
and
close
consultation
with
regulatory
authorities.