Major roles of kupffer cells and macrophages in NAFLD development

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 19, 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important public health problem with growing numbers of NAFLD patients worldwide. Pathological conditions are different in each stage due to various factors. Preclinical and clinical studies provide evidence for a crucial role immune cells progression. Liver-resident macrophages, kupffer (KCs), monocytes-derived macrophages the key cell types involved progression NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Their unique polarization contributes NAFLD. KCs phagocytes self-renewal abilities play regulating maintaining homeostasis. Upon damage, activated colonized at site damaged tissue. The secretion inflammatory cytokines chemokines by pivotal initiating pathogenesis. This review briefly describes system focuses on pathological molecular pathways recruited macrophages. In addition, relationship between insulin resistance described. Finally, latest therapeutics that target summarized prevention treatment

Language: Английский

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Regulatory Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Tea and Its Active Compounds on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 71(7), P. 3103 - 3124

Published: Feb. 11, 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic disease, is a multifactorial resulting from interaction between environment, genetic background, and metabolic stress. Most treatments for NAFLD include dietary intervention exercise show limited efficacy due to complex mechanisms involved in NAFLD. Meanwhile, drug therapy accompanied by serious side effects. The development of high-efficiency natural supplements sustainable strategy prevention treatment As second consumed beverage, tea has health benefits that have been widely recognized. Nevertheless, active compounds received attention. Tea contains abundant bioactive with potential effects on NAFLD, such as catechins, flavonoids, theanine, pigments, polysaccharides. We reviewed intrinsic environmental factors pathogenic affect occurrence summarized influences exercise, drugs, diet, drinking On this basis, we further analyzed molecular regulatory proposed future directions. This review hopes provide novel insights into application

Language: Английский

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From NAFLD to NASH: Understanding the spectrum of non-alcoholic liver diseases and their consequences

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. e30387 - e30387

Published: April 25, 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most frequent chronic diseases worldwide in recent decades. Metabolic like excessive blood glucose, central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and function abnormalities cause NAFLD. NAFLD significantly increases likelihood cancer, heart disease, mortality, making it a leading transplants. steatohepatitis (NASH) is more advanced form that causes scarring inflammation over time can ultimately result cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we briefly discuss NAFLD's pathogenic mechanisms, their progression into NASH afterward to NASH-related cirrhosis. It also covers epidemiology, metabolic glucose lipid metabolism liver, macrophage dysfunction, bile acid toxicity, stellate cell stimulation. Additionally, consider contribution intestinal microbiota, genetics, epigenetics, ecological factors fibrosis carcinoma risk patients.

Language: Английский

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Non-Pharmacological Approach to Diet and Exercise in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Bridging the Gap between Research and Clinical Practice

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 61 - 61

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This review provides a practical and comprehensive overview of non-pharmacological interventions for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), focusing on dietary exercise strategies. It highlights the effectiveness coffee consumption, intermittent fasting, Mediterranean ketogenic diets in improving metabolic health. The emphasizes importance combining aerobic resistance training as critical approach to reducing fat increasing insulin sensitivity. Additionally, it discusses synergy between diet enhancing parameters role gut microbiota MASLD. paper underscores need holistic, individualized approach, integrating diet, exercise, health, patient motivation. also long-term benefits minimal risks lifestyle compared side effects pharmacological surgical options. calls personalized treatment strategies, continuous education, further research optimize therapeutic outcomes MASLD management.

Language: Английский

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes in Various Chronic Liver Diseases: Hype or Hope?

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 17, P. 171 - 189

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract: Chronic liver conditions are associated with high mortality rates and have a large adverse effect on human well-being as well significant financial burden. Currently, the only effective treatment available for effects of failure cirrhosis resulting from progression several chronic diseases is transplantation carried out at original location. This implies that developing novel treatments imperative. Regenerative medicine has long been stem cell therapy. Mesenchymal cells (MSCs), type great differentiation potential, become preferred source According to recent studies, MSCs' paracrine products—rather than their capacity differentiation—play therapeutic effect. MSC exosomes, extracellular vesicle (MSC-EV), came into view substances MSCs. research, exosomes can maintain tissue homeostasis, which necessary healthy function. All tissues contain them, they take part in variety biological activities support cellular activity regeneration order preserve homeostasis. The outcomes use MSCs produce option range diseases. review provides brief overview MSC-EVs outlines physiological roles biochemical capabilities. elucidation role recovery repair hepatic tissues, contribution maintaining discussed relation different aims provide new insights unique play Keywords: mesenchymal cells, disease, immunomodulation, homeostasis

Language: Английский

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(+)-Lipoic acid reduces mitochondrial unfolded protein response and attenuates oxidative stress and aging in an in vitro model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 20, 2024

Abstract Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder characterized by the ac-cumulation of fat in hepatocytes without alcohol consumption. Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress play significant roles NAFLD pathogenesis. The unfolded protein response mitochondria (UPRmt) an adaptive mechanism that aims to restore mitochondrial homeostasis mitigate cellular stress. This study aimed investigate effects ( +)-Lipoic acid (ALA) on UPRmt, inflammation, oxidative vitro model using HepG2 cells treated with palmitic oleic induce steatosis. Results Treatment acids increased UPRmt-related proteins HSP90 HSP60 (heat shock protein), decreased CLPP (caseinolytic protease P), indicating ER activation. ALA treatment at 1 μM 5 restored levels. PA:OA (palmitic acid:oleic acid)-induced markers IRE1α (Inositol requiring enzyme-1), CHOP (C/EBP Homologous Protein), BIP (Binding Immunoglobulin BAX (Bcl-2-associated X protein) were significantly reduced treatment. also enhanced ER-mediated glycosylation stress, as evidenced GPX1 (Glutathione peroxidase 1), GSTP1 (glutathione S-transferase pi GSR (glutathione-disulfide reductase) expression GSH (Glutathione) levels, improved senescence shown β-galactosidase, γH2Ax Klotho-beta. Conclusions In conclusion, ameliorated inflammation acids, potentially offering therapeutic benefits for providing possible biochemical underlying beneficial effects. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Immunological mechanisms and current treatments

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(32), P. 4831 - 4850

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) causes significant global burden and is a leading cause of mortality. NAFLD induces myriad aberrant changes in hepatocytes at both the cellular molecular level. Although spectrum widely recognised, precise triggers for progression are still to be fully elucidated. Furthermore, propagation cirrhosis poorly understood. Whilst some progress terms treatment options have been explored, an incomplete understanding hepatic alterations limits their clinical utility. We therefore reviewed key pathways responsible pathogenesis such as innate adaptative immunity, lipotoxicity fibrogenesis, highlighted current trials patients.

Language: Английский

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Immunological mechanisms in steatotic liver diseases: An overview and clinical perspectives

Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(4), P. 620 - 648

Published: July 11, 2024

Steatotic liver diseases (SLD) are the principal worldwide cause of cirrhosis and end-stage cancer, affecting nearly a quarter global population. SLD includes metabolic dysfunction-associated alcoholic disease (MetALD) steatotic (MASLD), resulting in asymptomatic steatosis, fibrosis, associated complications. The immune processes include gut dysbiosis, adiposeliver organ crosstalk, hepatocyte death cell-mediated inflammatory processes. Notably, various cells such as B cells, plasma dendritic conventional CD4⁺ CD8⁺ T innate-like platelets, neutrophils macrophages play vital roles development MetALD MASLD. Immunological modulations targeting death, reactions microbiome N-acetylcysteine, selonsertib, F-652, prednisone, pentoxifylline, anakinra, JKB-121, HA35, obeticholic acid, probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics fecal microbiota transplantation. Understanding immunological mechanisms underlying is crucial for advancing clinical therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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An overview of the cholesterol metabolism and its proinflammatory role in the development of MASLD

Hepatology Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(5)

Published: May 1, 2024

Cholesterol is an essential lipid molecule in mammalian cells. It not only involved the formation of cell membranes but also serves as a raw material for synthesis bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones. Additionally, it acts covalent modifier proteins plays crucial role numerous life processes. Generally, metabolic processes cholesterol absorption, synthesis, conversion, efflux are strictly regulated. Excessive accumulation body risk factor diseases such cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In this review, we first provide overview discovery fundamental process metabolism. We then summarize relationship between dietary intake developing MASLD, animal models MASLD specifically established with cholesterol-containing diet. end, cholesterol-induced inflammation initiation development discussed.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Purification, Modification, and Application of Extracellular Vesicles for Novel Clinical Treatments

Membranes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 1244 - 1244

Published: Dec. 8, 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane surrounded by a lipid bilayer and include microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, exosomes, exomeres. Exosome-encapsulated microRNAs (miRNAs) released from cancer cells involved in the proliferation metastasis of tumor via angiogenesis. On other hand, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, which is being employed regenerative medicine owing to ability MSCs differentiate into various cells, due humoral factors, including messenger RNA (mRNA), miRNAs, proteins, lipids, encapsulated exosomes derived transplanted cells. New treatments that advocate cell-free therapy using MSC-derived will significantly improve clinical practice. Therefore, highly purified perform their original functions desirable. In this review, we summarized advances purification, modification, application EVs as novel strategies treat some diseases.

Language: Английский

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