Virus Evolution,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
Abstract
Revealing
the
determinants
of
virome
composition
is
central
to
placing
disease
emergence
in
a
broader
evolutionary
context.
Fish
are
most
species-rich
group
vertebrates
and
so
provide
an
ideal
model
system
study
factors
that
shape
compositions
their
evolution.
We
characterized
viromes
nineteen
wild-caught
species
marine
fish
using
total
RNA
sequencing
(meta-transcriptomics)
combined
with
analyses
sequence
protein
structural
homology
identify
divergent
viruses
often
evade
characterization.
From
this,
we
identified
twenty-five
new
vertebrate-associated
further
twenty-two
likely
associated
diet
or
microbiomes.
The
here
included
first
virus
Matonaviridae
(single-strand,
positive-sense
virus).
Other
fell
within
Astroviridae,
Picornaviridae,
Arenaviridae,
Reoviridae,
Hepadnaviridae,
Paramyxoviridae,
Rhabdoviridae,
Hantaviridae,
Filoviridae,
Flaviviridae,
were
sometimes
phylogenetically
distinct
from
known
viruses.
also
show
how
key
metrics
composition—viral
richness,
abundance,
diversity—can
be
analysed
along
host
ecological
biological
as
means
understand
ecology.
Accordingly,
these
data
suggest
sampled
predominantly
shaped
by
phylogenetic
history
(i.e.
taxonomic
order)
hosts,
several
including
water
temperature,
habitat
depth,
community
diversity
swimming
behaviour.
No
such
correlations
found
for
porifera,
molluscs,
arthropods,
fungi,
algae,
unlikely
replicate
hosts.
Overall,
indicate
harbour
particularly
large
complex
vast
majority
undescribed.
Microbiome,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Jan. 13, 2024
Abstract
Background
The
visual
organ
plays
a
crucial
role
in
sensing
environmental
information.
However,
its
mucosal
surfaces
are
constantly
exposed
to
selective
pressures
from
aquatic
or
airborne
pathogens
and
microbial
communities.
Although
few
studies
have
characterized
the
conjunctival-associated
lymphoid
tissue
(CALT)
ocular
mucosa
(OM)
of
birds
mammals,
little
is
known
regarding
evolutionary
origins
functions
immune
defense
microbiota
homeostasis
OM
early
vertebrates.
Results
Our
study
structure
ecosystem
rainbow
trout
(Oncorhynchus
mykiss
)
confirmed
for
first
time
presence
diffuse
mucosal-associated
(MALT)
fish
OM.
Moreover,
communities
residing
on
surface
contribute
shaping
environment.
Interestingly,
following
IHNV
infection,
we
observed
robust
responses,
significant
damage,
dysbiosis
OM,
particularly
fornix
conjunctiva
(FC),
which
by
increase
pathobionts
reduction
beneficial
taxa
relative
abundance
Critically,
identified
correlation
between
viral-induced
responses
microbiome
underscoring
key
immunity
homeostasis.
Conclusions
findings
suggest
that
occurred
concurrently
vertebrate
species,
shedding
light
coevolution
immunity.
Journal of Fish Diseases,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 20, 2025
Viral
diseases
pose
a
significant
threat
to
the
sustainability
of
global
aquaculture,
causing
economic
losses
and
compromising
food
security.
Traditional
control
methods
often
demonstrate
limited
effectiveness,
highlighting
need
for
alternative
approaches.
The
integration
computational
discovery
natural
compounds
shows
promise
in
developing
antiviral
treatments.
This
review
critically
explores
how
both
traditional
advanced
silico
techniques
can
efficiently
identify
with
potential
inhibitory
effects
on
key
pathogenic
proteins
major
aquaculture
pathogens.
It
highlights
fundamental
approaches,
including
structure-based
ligand-based
drug
design,
high-throughput
virtual
screening,
molecular
docking,
absorption,
distribution,
metabolism,
excretion
toxicity
(ADMET)
profiling.
Molecular
dynamics
simulations
serve
as
comprehensive
framework
understanding
interactions
stability
candidate
drugs
an
approach,
reducing
extensive
wet-lab
experiments
providing
valuable
insights
targeted
therapeutic
development.
covers
entire
process,
from
initial
screening
promising
candidates
their
subsequent
experimental
validation.
also
proposes
integrating
tools
enhance
efficiency
aquaculture.
Finally,
we
explore
future
perspectives,
particularly
artificial
intelligence
multi-omics
These
innovative
technologies
significantly
accelerate
identification
optimisation
antivirals,
contributing
sustainable
disease
management
Conservation Physiology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
5(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2017
Infectious
diseases
can
impact
the
physiological
performance
of
individuals,
including
their
mobility,
visual
acuity,
behavior
and
tolerance
ability
to
effectively
respond
additional
stressors.
These
effects
influence
competitiveness,
social
hierarchy,
habitat
usage,
migratory
risk
predation,
in
some
circumstances,
viability
populations.
While
there
are
multiple
means
detecting
infectious
agents
(microscopy,
culture,
molecular
assays),
detection
wild
populations
circumstances
where
mortality
is
not
observable
be
difficult.
Moreover,
if
infection-related
compromise
leaves
individuals
vulnerable
it
may
rare
observe
wildlife
a
late
stage
disease.
Diagnostic
technologies
designed
diagnose
cause
death
always
sensitive
enough
detect
early
stages
disease
development
live-sampled
organisms.
Sensitive
that
differentiate
agent
carrier
states
from
active
required
demonstrate
impacts
We
present
discovery
validation
salmon
host
transcriptional
biomarkers
capable
distinguishing
fish
an
viral
state
[viral
(VDD)]
those
carrying
latent
infection,
versus
bacterial
states.
Biomarker
was
conducted
through
meta-analysis
published
in-house
microarray
data,
performed
on
independent
datasets
challenge
studies
farmed
diagnosed
with
various
viral,
parasitic
diseases.
VDD
biomarker
panel
predictive
across
RNA-viral
species,
species
tissues,
recognize
wild-migrating
salmon.
we
show
considerable
overlap
resolved
our
study
based
similar
human
influenza
research,
suggesting
highly
conserved
suite
genes
associated
applicable
broad
range
vertebrate
taxa.
Reviews in Aquaculture,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. 189 - 237
Published: July 26, 2020
Abstract
Combating
and
controlling
sea
lice
causes
large
economic
costs
for
the
farmers,
with
estimated
values
of
more
than
305
million
euros
(€)
per
year.
Increased
resistance
against
traditional
chemotherapeutants
due
to
evolutionary
drivers
in
combined
lack
an
effective
vaccine
few
other
chemical
treatments
available
are
expected
cause
these
increase.
Several
possible
methods
managing
infestations
have
been
investigated,
but
only
cleaner
fish
has
proven
effect
on
levels.
Cleaning
activity
is
well
known
marine
observed
wild
as
a
form
symbiosis
between
two
species:
one
species,
‘client’
fish,
seek
out
‘cleaner’
ectoparasites
dead
tissue
cleared
from
its
body.
The
Atlantic
lumpfish
relatively
new
aquaculture
wild‐caught
mature
used
brood
stock
farmed
production.
This
poses
biosecurity
risk,
can
carry
pathogens,
use
quarantine
health
screening
recommended.
Vaccine
development
unfortunately
lagging
far
behind
wide
spread
high
utilisation
fish.
review
contains
description
main
pathogens
diseases
that
affect
