Coeliac disease

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 399(10344), P. 2413 - 2426

Published: June 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Microbiome signatures of progression toward celiac disease onset in at-risk children in a longitudinal prospective cohort study

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(29)

Published: July 12, 2021

Significance The incidence of chronic inflammatory autoimmune conditions, such as celiac disease (CD), is increasing at an alarming rate. CD the only condition for which trigger, gluten, known. However, its etiology and pathogenesis remain incompletely defined recent studies suggest other environmental stimuli may play a key role in pathogenesis. Here, we prospectively examine trajectory gut microbiota starting 18 mo before onset 10 infants who developed did not. We identified alterations microbiota, functional pathways, metabolome onset, suggesting our approach be used prediction with ultimate goal identifying early preventive interventions to reestablish tolerance prevent autoimmunity.

Language: Английский

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Diet, obesity, and the gut microbiome as determinants modulating metabolic outcomes in a non-human primate model

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: May 5, 2021

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to increase understanding the complex interactions between diet, obesity, and gut microbiome adult female non-human primates (NHPs). Subjects consumed either a Western ( n =15) or Mediterranean =14) diet designed represent human dietary patterns for 31 months. Body composition determined using CT, fecal samples were collected, shotgun metagenomic sequencing performed. Gut results grouped by adiposity. Results Diet main contributor bacterial diversity. Adiposity within each associated with subtle shifts in proportional abundance several taxa. diet-fed NHPs lower body fat had greater proportion Lactobacillus animalis than their higher counterparts. Higher more Ruminococcus champaneliensis less Bacteroides uniformis low significantly levels Prevotella copri NHPs. subjects stratified P. HIGH versus LOW ), which not Overall, animals group showed B. ovatus , faecis stercorea brevis Faecalibacterium prausnitzii those group. Eubacterium siraeum . E. negatively correlated regardless consumption. In group, Shannon diversity when compared subjects. Furthermore, positively HDL plasma cholesterol indicating that population may metabolically healthy population. Untargeted metabolomics on urine from suggest early kidney dysfunction Conclusions summary, data indicate be major influencer However, adiposity must considered together analyzing changes specific Interestingly, appears mediate metabolic

Language: Английский

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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccines: Priority activities to enable product development, licensure, and global access

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 39(31), P. 4266 - 4277

Published: May 6, 2021

Diarrhoeal disease attributable to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes substantial morbidity and mortality predominantly in paediatric populations low- middle-income countries. In addition acute illness, there is an increasing appreciation of the long-term consequences enteric infections, including ETEC, on childhood growth development. Provision potable water sanitation appropriate clinical care for illness are critical reduce ETEC burden. However, these interventions not always practical may achieve equitable sustainable coverage. Vaccination be most cost-effective means primary prevention; however, additional data needed accelerate investment guide decision-making process vaccines. First, understand quantify burden, association between infection physical cognitive stunting as well delayed educational attainment. Furthermore, role inappropriate or inadequate antibiotic treatment ETEC-attributable diarrhoea contribute development antimicrobial resistance (AMR) needs further elucidation. An vaccine that mitigates diarrhoeal minimizes longer-term manifestations could have significant public health impact a countermeasure. Herein we review pipeline, led by candidates compatible with general parameters Preferred Product Characteristics (PPC) recently developed World Health Organization. Additionally, Vaccine Development Strategy provide framework underpin priority activities researchers, funders manufacturers, goal addressing globally unmet areas research, product development, policy, commercialization delivery. The strategy also aims prioritization co-ordination minimize timeline licensure use vaccines, especially countries, where they urgently needed.

Language: Английский

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Dynamics of the gut microbiome, IgA response, and plasma metabolome in the development of pediatric celiac disease

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Abstract Background Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten consumption. Almost all CD patients possess human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2/DQ8 haplotypes; however, only a small subset of individuals carrying these alleles develop CD, indicating the role environmental factors in pathogenesis. The main objective this study was to determine contributory gut microbiota and microbial metabolites onset. To end, we obtained fecal samples from prospective cohort (ABIS) at ages 2.5 5 years. Samples were collected children who developed after final sample collection (CD progressors) healthy matched age, HLA genotype, breastfeeding duration, gluten-exposure time ( n =15–16). We first used 16S sequencing immunoglobulin-A (IgA-seq) using same (i) 16 controls 15 progressors age (ii) 13 9 5. completed cytokine profiling, plasma metabolomics =7–9). also determined effects one microbiota-derived metabolite, taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), on intestines immune cell composition vivo. Results have distinct composition, increased IgA response, unique targets compared subjects. Notably, 26 metabolites, five cytokines, chemokine significantly altered Among identified 2-fold increase TDCA. TDCA treatment alone caused villous atrophy, CD4+ T cells, Natural Killer two important immunoregulatory proteins, Qa-1 NKG2D expression cells while decreasing T-regulatory intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) C57BL/6J mice. Conclusions Pediatric metabolome, profile before diagnosis. Furthermore, more IgA-coated bacteria their microbiota. feeding stimulates inflammatory response C57BJ/6 mice causes hallmark CD. Thus, TDCA, enriched progressors’ plasma, has potential drive inflammation enhance

Language: Английский

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Advances in Understanding the Human Gut Microbiota and Its Implication in Pediatric Celiac Disease—A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 2499 - 2499

Published: May 27, 2023

Celiac disease (CD) is a multifactorial disorder, defined by complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Both predisposition dietary exposure to gluten are essential factors in triggering CD. However, there proof that their presence necessary, but not sufficient, for development. Through gut microbiota modulation, several additional have shown potential role as co-factors CD pathogenesis. The aim this review illustrate the possible mechanisms stand behind microbiota's involvement Furthermore, we discuss manipulation's both preventative therapeutic option. available literature provides evidence even before onset, including cesarean birth formula feeding, well intestinal infection exposure, amplify risk genetically predisposed individuals, due influence on microbiome composition. Active was associated with elevated levels Gram-negative bacterial genera, Bacteroides, Escherichia, Prevotella, while beneficial bacteria such lactobacilli bifidobacteria were less abundant. Viral fungal dysbiosis has also been described CD, evidencing specific taxa alteration. A gluten-free diet (GFD) may improve clinical symptoms duodenal histopathology, persistence children under GFD urges need therapy. Probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbial transplant demonstrated efficacy restoring eubiosis adult patients; however, safety adjunctive therapies pediatric patients needs further investigation.

Language: Английский

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Co-factors, Microbes, and Immunogenetics in Celiac Disease to Guide Novel Approaches for Diagnosis and Treatment

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 161(5), P. 1395 - 1411.e4

Published: Aug. 17, 2021

Language: Английский

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Celiac Disease and the Thyroid: Highlighting the Roles of Vitamin D and Iron

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1755 - 1755

Published: May 21, 2021

Celiac disease (CD) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) Graves’ (GD) frequently coexist, entailing numerous potential impacts on diagnostic therapeutic approaches. Possible correlations might exist through gut microbiota, regulating the immune system inflammatory responses, promoting diseases, as well shared cytokines in pathogenesis pathways, cross-reacting antibodies or malabsorption of micronutrients that are essential for iron vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is a common finding patients with AITD, but protect from autoimmunity by wielding immunoregulatory tolerogenic impacts. Additionally, assumed to be involved onset progression CD, presumably plays substantial protective role intestinal mucosa affects via its immunomodulatory effects. Iron an micronutrient gland needed effective iodine utilization iron-dependent enzyme peroxidase (TPO). Despite being crucial hormone synthesis, (ID) hypothyroidism HT found CD. A literature research was conducted examine interplay between deficiency. This narrative review highlights relevant correlation two entities CD their reciprocal impact possible options should further explored future studies.

Language: Английский

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Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Celiac Disease: From Pathogenesis to Treatment

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 823 - 823

Published: March 7, 2023

Celiac disease (CD) is a common systemic disorder that results from an abnormal response of human immunity to gluten intake, affecting the small intestine. In individuals who carry genetic susceptibility, CD triggered by environmental factors, including viral infections and dysbiosis gut microbiota. The microbiome essential in controlling immune system, recent findings indicate changes may contribute various chronic disorders, such as through mechanisms still require further exploration. Some bacteria exhibit epitopes mimic gliadin enhance host. Other bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, work conjunction with trigger escalate intestinal inflammation. microbiota also directly influence antigen development production immunogenic or tolerogenic peptides permeability release zonulin. Finally, can impact inflammation generating proinflammatory anti-inflammatory cytokines metabolites. It crucial consider factors (specifically, HLA-DQ haplotypes), perinatal elements birth mode, type infant feeding, antibiotic infection exposure on composition early microbiome. According available studies, alterations associated tend decreased presence beneficial some Bifidobacterium species. However, controversy remains reports have found no significant differences between microbiomes without CD. A better understanding microbiome’s role would greatly benefit both prevention treatment efforts, especially complicated treatment-resistant cases. Here, we attempted summarize evidence relationship CD, particular focus potential therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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Early-life exposures and the microbiome: implications for IBD prevention

Gut, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. gutjnl - 330002

Published: Dec. 12, 2023

The early-life period is one of microbiome establishment and immune maturation. Early-life exposures are increasingly being recognised to play an important role in IBD risk. composition functions the gut prenatal, perinatal, postnatal may be crucial towards development health or disease, including IBD, later life. We herein present a comprehensive summary interplay between factors perturbations, their association with risk IBD. In addition, we provide overview host external early life that known impact maturation implicated Considering emerging concept prevention, propose strategies minimise maternal offspring exposure potentially harmful variables recommend protective measures during pregnancy postpartum period. This holistic view signatures among mothers will help frame our current understanding importance pathogenesis roadmap for preventive strategies.

Language: Английский

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