Discover Oncology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Aug. 16, 2024
A
27-year-old
man
was
admitted
to
the
hospital
after
a
year
of
marriage
due
infertility.
During
laparoscopic
exploratory
surgery,
presence
retrovesical
uterus
clearly
observed,
and
gonadal
organs
were
visible
on
both
sides.
However,
testicles
or
ovaries
not
identifiable,
nor
spermatic
vessels
fallopian
tubes
at
joint.
Intraoperative
bilateral
gonad
biopsy
performed.
Cryopreservation
right
gland
revealed
gonadoblastoma
malignant
germinoma
(asexual
tumor/seminoma)
with
sclerosis
atrophy
testicular
tissue.
No
proliferation
germ
cells
sertoli
observed
in
tubule.
The
left
diagnosed
as
gonadoblastoma.
Finally,
total
hysterectomy
tumor
organectomy
performed
seal
vaginal
stump.
Local
radiotherapy
administered
surgery.
In
general,
tumors
found
sides
gonads,
especially
side
side.
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
24(1)
Published: Jan. 18, 2025
Clinically,
multimodal
therapies
are
adopted
worldwide
for
the
management
of
cancer,
which
continues
to
be
a
leading
cause
death.
In
recent
years,
immunotherapy
has
firmly
established
itself
as
new
paradigm
in
cancer
care
that
activates
body's
immune
defense
cope
with
cancer.
Immunotherapy
resulted
significant
breakthroughs
treatment
stubborn
tumors,
dramatically
improving
clinical
outcome
patients.
Multiple
forms
immunotherapy,
including
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs),
adoptive
cell
therapy
and
vaccines,
have
become
widely
available.
However,
effectiveness
these
immunotherapies
is
not
much
satisfying.
Many
patients
do
respond
disease
recurrence
appears
unavoidable
because
rapidly
evolving
resistance.
Moreover,
can
give
rise
severe
off-target
immune-related
adverse
events.
Strategies
remove
hindrances
mainly
focus
on
development
combinatorial
or
exploitation
novel
immunotherapeutic
mediations.
Nanomaterials
carrying
anticancer
agents
target
site
considered
practical
approaches
treatment.
Nanomedicine
combined
offers
possibility
potentiate
systemic
antitumor
immunity
facilitate
selective
cytotoxicity
against
cells
an
effective
safe
manner.
A
myriad
nano-enabled
currently
under
investigation.
Owing
gaps
between
preclinical
studies,
nano-immunotherapy
faces
multiple
challenges,
biosafety
nanomaterials
trial
design.
this
review,
we
provide
overview
summarize
evidence
indicating
how
nanomedicine-based
increase
efficacy
immunotherapies.
We
also
discuss
key
challenges
emerged
era
nanotechnology-based
immunotherapy.
Taken
together,
combination
drawing
increasing
attention,
it
anticipated
will
achieve
desired
success
therapy.
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Aug. 19, 2024
Drug
resistance
remains
a
significant
challenge
in
cancer
treatment.
Recently,
the
interactions
among
various
cell
types
within
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
have
deepened
our
understanding
of
mechanisms
behind
treatment
resistance.
Therefore,
this
review
aims
to
synthesize
current
research
focusing
on
infiltrating
cells
and
drug
suggesting
that
targeting
TME
could
be
viable
strategy
combat
issue.
Numerous
factors,
including
inflammation,
metabolism,
senescence,
hypoxia,
angiogenesis,
contribute
Overexpression
STAT3
is
commonly
associated
with
drug-resistant
or
stromal
cells.
Current
often
generalizes
impact
resistance,
lacking
specificity
statistical
robustness.
Thus,
future
should
take
notice
issue
aim
provide
high-quality
evidence.
Despite
existing
limitations,
overcome
therapy
hold
promising
valuable
potential.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(6), P. 3414 - 3414
Published: March 18, 2024
The
association
between
cancer
and
inflammation
is
well
established.
Chronic
represents
a
fundamental
step
in
the
development
progression
of
some
types
cancer.
Tumors
are
composed
heterogeneous
population
infiltrating
cells
including
macrophages,
fibroblasts,
lymphocytes,
granulocytes,
mast
cells,
which
respond
to
signals
from
microenvironment
and,
turn,
produce
cytokines,
chemokines,
transcription
factors,
receptors,
miRNAs.
Recent
data
demonstrate
that,
addition
classical
(M1)
alternative
(M2)
macrophage
subtypes,
there
many
intermediate
subtypes
that
potentially
play
different
roles
response
environmental
stimuli.
infiltrated
by
macrophages
called
TAMs
mainly
display
an
M2-like
phenotype
tumor
growth-permissive
activities.
There
bidirectional
interaction
tumor-infiltrating
determines
polarization
ultimately
or
regression.
These
complex
interactions
still
unclear
but
understanding
them
for
new
therapeutic
strategies.
Re-educating
tumor-permissive
into
anti-tumor
focus
research.
This
review
aims
analyze
most
recent
articles
investigating
interplay
tumors,
TAMs,
strategies
re-educating
macrophages.
MedComm,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(8)
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
Abstract
Currently,
cancer
is
still
a
leading
cause
of
human
death
globally.
Tumor
deterioration
comprises
multiple
events
including
metastasis,
therapeutic
resistance
and
immune
evasion,
all
which
are
tightly
related
to
the
phenotypic
plasticity
especially
epithelial–mesenchymal
(EMP).
cells
with
EMP
manifest
in
three
states
as
transition
(EMT),
partial
EMT,
mesenchymal–epithelial
transition,
orchestrate
switch
heterogeneity
tumor
via
transcriptional
regulation
series
signaling
pathways,
transforming
growth
factor‐β,
Wnt/β‐catenin,
Notch.
However,
due
complicated
nature
EMP,
diverse
process
not
fully
understood.
In
this
review,
we
systematically
conclude
biological
background,
regulating
mechanisms
well
role
therapy
response.
We
also
summarize
range
small
molecule
inhibitors,
immune‐related
approaches,
combination
therapies
that
have
been
developed
target
for
outstanding
EMP‐driven
deterioration.
Additionally,
explore
potential
technique
EMP‐based
mechanistic
investigation
research,
may
burst
vigorous
prospects.
Overall,
elucidate
multifaceted
aspects
progression
suggest
promising
direction
treatment
based
on
targeting
EMP.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Sept. 2, 2024
Tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAMs),
fundamental
constituents
of
the
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
significantly
influence
cancer
development,
primarily
by
promoting
epithelial-mesenchymal
transition
(EMT).
EMT
endows
cells
with
increased
motility,
invasiveness,
and
resistance
to
therapies,
marking
a
pivotal
juncture
in
progression.
The
review
begins
detailed
exposition
on
origins
TAMs
their
functional
heterogeneity,
providing
foundational
understanding
TAM
characteristics.
Next,
it
delves
into
specific
molecular
mechanisms
through
which
induce
EMT,
including
cytokines,
chemokines
stromal
cross-talking.
Following
this,
explores
TAM-induced
features
select
types
notable
characteristics,
highlighting
recent
insights
impact
Finally,
concludes
discussion
potential
therapeutic
targets
strategies
aimed
at
mitigating
infiltration
disrupting
signaling
network,
thereby
underscoring
emerging
treatments
combat
TAM-mediated
cancer.
This
comprehensive
analysis
reaffirms
necessity
for
continued
exploration
TAMs’
regulatory
roles
within
biology
refine
approaches
improve
patient
outcomes.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: Feb. 28, 2025
Breast
cancer
(BC)
is
the
most
common
in
women
and
a
leading
cause
of
cancer-related
mortality.
Despite
advances
screening
treatment,
outcomes
for
advanced
or
recurrent
BC
remain
poor,
highlighting
need
new
strategies.
Recent
research
emphasizes
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
particularly
tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAMs),
as
key
drivers
growth,
metastasis,
resistance
to
therapy.
The
presence
M2-like
TAMs
TME
promotes
immune
evasion
progression
across
subtypes.
This
review
summarizes
classification,
their
role
BC,
emerging
therapies
targeting
TAMs,
including
depletion,
inhibition
recruitment,
reprogramming
from
pro-tumoral
M2
anti-tumoral
M1
phenotypes.
Targeting
offers
promising
strategy
improve
treatment
outcomes.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
20(4), P. e0312764 - e0312764
Published: April 7, 2025
Glioblastoma
(GBM)
is
the
most
prevalent
and
aggressive
primary
brain
malignancy
in
adults.
Nevertheless,
cellular
heterogeneity
complexity
within
GBM
microenvironment
(TME)
are
still
not
fully
understood,
posing
a
significant
obstacle
advancement
of
more
efficient
immunotherapies
for
GBM.
In
this
study,
we
conducted
an
integrated
analysis
48
tumor
fragments
from
24
patients
at
single-cell
level,
uncovering
substantial
molecular
diversity
immune
infiltrates.
We
characterized
signatures
five
distinct
tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAMs)
subtypes.
Notably,
TAM_MRC1
subtype
displayed
pronounced
M2
polarization
signature.
Additionally,
identified
natural
killer
(NK)
cells,
designated
CD56
dim
_DNAJB1.
This
by
exhausted
phenotype,
evidenced
elevated
stress
signature
enrichment
PD-L1/PD-1
checkpoint
pathway.
Our
findings
also
highlight
cell-cell
interactions
among
malignant
glioma
TAM,
NK
cells
TME.
Overall,
research
sheds
light
on
functional
TME,
providing
potential
targets
therapeutic
intervention
immunologically
cold
cancer.
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
24(1)
Published: May 7, 2025
Cancer
immunotherapy,
encompassing
both
experimental
and
standard-of-care
therapies,
has
emerged
as
a
promising
approach
to
harnessing
the
immune
system
for
tumor
suppression.
Experimental
strategies,
including
novel
immunotherapies
preclinical
models,
are
actively
being
explored,
while
established
treatments,
such
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs),
widely
implemented
in
clinical
settings.
This
comprehensive
review
examines
historical
evolution,
underlying
mechanisms,
diverse
strategies
of
cancer
highlighting
its
applications
ongoing
advancements.
The
delves
into
essential
components
anticancer
immunity,
dendritic
cell
activation,
T
priming,
surveillance,
addressing
challenges
posed
by
evasion
mechanisms.
Key
immunotherapeutic
vaccines,
oncolytic
viruses,
adoptive
transfer,
ICIs,
discussed
detail.
Additionally,
role
nanotechnology,
cytokines,
chemokines,
adjuvants
enhancing
precision
efficacy
were
explored.
Combination
particularly
those
integrating
immunotherapy
with
radiotherapy
or
chemotherapy,
exhibit
synergistic
potential
but
necessitate
careful
management
reduce
side
effects.
Emerging
factors
influencing
outcomes,
heterogeneity,
gut
microbiota
composition,
genomic
epigenetic
modifications,
also
examined.
Furthermore,
molecular
mechanisms
therapeutic
resistance
analyzed,
focus
on
contributions
noncoding
RNAs
alterations,
along
innovative
intervention
strategies.
emphasizes
recent
advancements,
particular
attention
biomarker-driven
approaches
aimed
at
optimizing
patient
prognosis.
Challenges
immunotherapy-related
toxicity,
limited
solid
tumors,
production
constraints
highlighted
critical
areas
future
research.
Advancements
personalized
therapies
delivery
systems
proposed
avenues
enhance
treatment
effectiveness
accessibility.
By
incorporating
insights
from
multiple
disciplines,
this
aims
deepen
understanding
application
ultimately
fostering
more
effective
accessible
solutions.
