Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
8
Published: Nov. 26, 2020
Since
the
identification
and
definition
of
hallmarks
aging,
these
aspects
molecular
cellular
decline
have
been
most
often
described
as
isolated
or
distinct
mechanisms.
However,
there
is
significant
evidence
demonstrating
interplay
between
that
they
capacity
to
influence
regulate
one
another.
These
interactions
are
demonstrable
across
tree
life,
yet
not
all
conserved.
Here,
we
describe
an
integrative
view
on
aging
by
using
hallmark
“mitochondrial
dysfunction”
a
focus
point,
illustrate
its
both
be
influenced
other
aging.
We
discuss
effects
mitochondrial
pathways
involved
in
such
oxidative
phosphorylation,
dynamics,
protein
synthesis,
mitophagy,
reactive
oxygen
species
DNA
damage
relation
each
primary,
antagonistic
hallmarks.
similarities
differences
throughout
speculate
how
speciation
may
play
role
variation
propose
critically
intertwined,
mapping
full
extent
would
benefit
research
community.
Science,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
361(6409), P. 1346 - 1349
Published: Sept. 28, 2018
RNA
modifications
have
recently
emerged
as
critical
posttranscriptional
regulators
of
gene
expression
programs.
They
affect
diverse
eukaryotic
biological
processes,
and
the
correct
deposition
many
these
is
required
for
normal
development.
Messenger
(mRNA)
regulate
various
aspects
mRNA
metabolism.
For
example,
Redox Report,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
27(1), P. 45 - 52
Published: Feb. 25, 2022
Mitochondria
are
the
main
source
of
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
in
cells.
Early
studies
have
shown
that
mitochondrial
(mROS)
related
to
occurrence
and
adverse
outcomes
many
diseases,
thus
regarded
as
an
important
risk
factor
threaten
human
health.
Recently,
increasing
evidence
has
mROS
very
for
organism's
homeostasis.
can
regulate
a
variety
signaling
pathways
activate
adaptation
protection
behaviors
organism
under
stress.
In
addition,
also
physiological
processes,
such
cell
proliferation,
differentiation,
aging,
apoptosis.
Herein,
we
review
mechanisms
production,
transformation,
clearance
their
biological
roles
different
processes.
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
15(1), P. 1519 - 1538
Published: Dec. 28, 2020
Mitochondrial
dysfunction
is
a
key
feature
of
injury
to
numerous
tissues
and
stem
cell
aging.
Although
the
tissue
regenerative
role
mesenchymal
(MSC)-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(MSC-EVs)
well
known,
their
specific
in
regulating
mitochondrial
function
target
cells
remains
elusive.
Here,
we
report
that
MSC-EVs
attenuated
mtDNA
damage
inflammation
after
acute
kidney
(AKI)
this
effect
was
at
least
partially
dependent
on
transcription
factor
A
(TFAM)
pathway.
In
detail,
TFAM
were
depleted
by
oxidative
stress
MSCs
from
aged
or
diabetic
donors.
Higher
levels
mRNA
detected
normal
control
(NC)
than
TFAM-knockdown
(TFAM-KD)
EVs.
EV-mediated
transfer
recipient
unaffected
transcriptional
inhibition.
Accordingly,
application
restored
protein
TFAM-mtDNA
complex
(nucleoid)
stability,
thereby
reversing
deletion
phosphorylation
(OXPHOS)
defects
injured
renal
tubular
cells.
Loss
also
led
downregulation
multiple
anti-inflammatory
miRNAs
proteins
MSC-EVs.
vivo,
intravenously
injected
EVs
primarily
accumulated
liver,
kidney,
spleen,
lung.
lesion
formation,
damage,
mice
with
AKI,
whereas
TFAM-KD
resulted
poor
therapeutic
outcomes.
Moreover,
overexpression
(TFAM-OE)
improved
rescue
some
extent.
This
study
suggests
are
promising
nanotherapeutics
for
diseases
characterized
signaling
essential
maintaining
capacity.
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
6(5), P. e04107 - e04107
Published: May 1, 2020
Aging
is
a
degenerative,
biological,
time-dependent,
universally
conserved
process
thus
designed
as
one
of
the
highest
known
risk
factors
for
morbidity
and
mortality.
Every
individual
has
its
own
aging
mechanisms
both
environmental
conditions
(75%)
genetics
(25%)
account
aging.
Several
theories
have
been
proposed
until
now
but
not
even
single
theory
solves
this
mystery.
There
are
still
some
queries
un-answered
to
scientific
community
regarding
behind
However,
oxidative
stress
(OST)
considered
famous
that
sees
mitochondria
leading
organelles
which
largely
contribute
process.
Many
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
produced
endogenously
exogenously
associated
with
But
mitochondrial
ROS
dysfunction
due
contributors
toward
Although
damage
cell
machinery,
new
evidence
suggests
their
role
in
signal
transduction
regulate
biological
physiological
processes.
Moreover,
besides
mitochondria,
other
important
such
peroxisome
endoplasmic
reticulum
also
produce
nature
provided
humans
free
radical
scavengers
called
antioxidants
protect
from
harmful
effects
ROS.
Future
predictions
aging,
biochemical
involved,
biomarkers
internal
external
can
be
easily
done
machine
learning
algorithms
computational
models.
This
review
explains
aspects
contribution
producing
importance
fighting
against
ROS,
different
models
developed
understand
complexities
Science,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
374(6572), P. 1227 - 1237
Published: Dec. 2, 2021
For
electrons
to
continuously
enter
and
flow
through
the
mitochondrial
electron
transport
chain
(ETC),
they
must
ultimately
land
on
a
terminal
acceptor
(TEA),
which
is
known
be
oxygen
in
mammals.
Paradoxically,
we
find
that
complex
I
dihydroorotate
dehydrogenase
(DHODH)
can
still
deposit
into
ETC
when
reduction
impeded.
Cells
lacking
accumulate
ubiquinol,
driving
succinate
(SDH)
reverse
enable
deposition
onto
fumarate.
Upon
inhibition
of
reduction,
fumarate
sustains
DHODH
activities.
Mouse
tissues
display
varying
capacities
use
as
TEA,
most
net
SDH
under
hypoxia.
Thus,
delineate
circuit
mammalian
maintains
functions
limitation.
