Pest Management Science,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
77(9), P. 4073 - 4083
Published: April 28, 2021
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Gypsy
moth
(
Lymantria
dispar
)
is
one
of
the
most
important
pests
in
world.
Emamectin
benzoate
(EMB)
widely
used
control
agricultural
and
forestry
pests.
Here,
we
explored
sublethal
effects
EMB
on
gypsy
moths
order
to
better
understand
toxicological
mechanism
EMB.
RESULTS
The
concentration
exposure
significantly
decreased
larvae
body
weight.
To
further
explore
mechanism,
indicators
related
digestion
nutrient
metabolism
were
detected.
results
showed
that
caused
midgut
damage,
reduced
activities
digestive
enzymes
changed
content
sugar
amino
acids.
Moreover,
expression
insulin/phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase
(PI3K)/forkhead
box
protein
O
(FoxO)
pathway
metabolism‐related
genes
was
abnormal.
insulin
receptor
(InR),
chico,
PI3K,
kinase
B
(Akt)
reduced,
phosphatase
tensin
homologue
(PTEN)
FoxO
increased.
glycogen
phosphorylase
(GP)
upregulation
synthase
(GS),
trehalase
(TRE)
trehalose‐phosphate
(TPS)
downregulation.
All
indicated
inhibits
growth
by
inducing
injury,
dysfunction
disorder.
In
addition,
injury
may
be
apoptosis
or
a
collateral
effect
damage
other
tissues,
more
extensive
deeper
research
still
needed
investigate
detailed
mechanism.
CONCLUSION
Our
finding
strengthens
understanding
EMB,
provides
theoretical
basis
for
application
prevention
moth.
Glia,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 16, 2025
ABSTRACT
Living
organisms
can
sense
and
adapt
to
constant
changes
in
food
availability.
Maintaining
a
homeostatic
supply
of
energy
molecules
is
crucial
for
animal
survival
normal
organ
functioning,
particularly
the
brain,
due
its
high‐energy
demands.
However,
mechanisms
underlying
brain
adaptive
responses
availability
have
not
been
completely
established.
The
nervous
system
separated
from
rest
body
by
physical
barrier
called
blood–brain
(BBB).
In
addition
structural
role,
BBB
regulates
transport
metabolites
nutrients
into
system.
This
regulation
achieved
through
that
control
nutrients,
including
glucose
monocarboxylates
such
as
lactate,
pyruvate,
ketone
bodies.
Drosophila
melanogaster
,
carbohydrate
transporters
increase
their
expression
glial
cells
response
starvation.
or
activity
monocarboxylate
(dMCTs)
at
yet
reported.
Here,
we
show
neuronal
ATP
levels
remain
unaffected
despite
reduced
energy‐related
hemolymph
larvae
during
Simultaneously,
lactate
beta‐hydroxybutyrate
increases
BBB.
Using
genetically
encoded
sensors,
identified
Yarqay
proton‐coupled
transporter
whose
upregulated
subperineurial
glia
Our
findings
reveal
novel
component
starvation:
across
BBB,
mediated
Yarqay,
dMCT
enriched
Development,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2019
The
polysaccharide
glycogen
is
an
evolutionarily
conserved
storage
form
of
glucose.
However,
the
physiological
significance
metabolism
on
homeostatic
control
throughout
animal
life
cycle
remains
incomplete.
Here,
we
report
a
Drosophila
fruit
fly
that
defective
for
metabolism.
Null
mutants
synthase
(GlyS)
and
phosphorylase
(GlyP)
displayed
growth
defects
larval
lethality,
indicating
plays
crucial
role
in
development.
Unexpectedly,
however,
certain
population
larvae
developed
into
adults
with
normal
morphology.
Semi-lethality
during
period
can
be
attributed
to
presence
circulating
sugar
trehalose.
Homozygous
produced
offspring,
stored
oocytes
dispensable
embryogenesis.
GlyS
GlyP
showed
distinct
metabolic
levels
sugars
triglycerides
stage-specific
manner.
In
adults,
as
energy
reserve
not
physical
fitness
lifespan
under
nourished
conditions,
but
becomes
important
stress
conditions.
This
study
provides
fundamental
understanding
requirements
fly.
Frontiers in Physiology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Oct. 22, 2020
Maintaining
energy
homeostasis
is
critical
for
ensuring
proper
growth
and
maximizing
survival
potential
of
all
organisms.
Here
we
review
the
role
somatic
muscle
in
regulating
insects.
The
not
only
a
large
consumer
energy,
it
also
plays
crucial
metabolic
signaling
pathways
stores
organism.
We
examine
required
to
supply
with
as
well
muscle-derived
signals
that
regulate
homeostasis.
Pest Management Science,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
77(9), P. 4073 - 4083
Published: April 28, 2021
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Gypsy
moth
(
Lymantria
dispar
)
is
one
of
the
most
important
pests
in
world.
Emamectin
benzoate
(EMB)
widely
used
control
agricultural
and
forestry
pests.
Here,
we
explored
sublethal
effects
EMB
on
gypsy
moths
order
to
better
understand
toxicological
mechanism
EMB.
RESULTS
The
concentration
exposure
significantly
decreased
larvae
body
weight.
To
further
explore
mechanism,
indicators
related
digestion
nutrient
metabolism
were
detected.
results
showed
that
caused
midgut
damage,
reduced
activities
digestive
enzymes
changed
content
sugar
amino
acids.
Moreover,
expression
insulin/phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase
(PI3K)/forkhead
box
protein
O
(FoxO)
pathway
metabolism‐related
genes
was
abnormal.
insulin
receptor
(InR),
chico,
PI3K,
kinase
B
(Akt)
reduced,
phosphatase
tensin
homologue
(PTEN)
FoxO
increased.
glycogen
phosphorylase
(GP)
upregulation
synthase
(GS),
trehalase
(TRE)
trehalose‐phosphate
(TPS)
downregulation.
All
indicated
inhibits
growth
by
inducing
injury,
dysfunction
disorder.
In
addition,
injury
may
be
apoptosis
or
a
collateral
effect
damage
other
tissues,
more
extensive
deeper
research
still
needed
investigate
detailed
mechanism.
CONCLUSION
Our
finding
strengthens
understanding
EMB,
provides
theoretical
basis
for
application
prevention
moth.
