Bioprinting Using Organ Building Blocks: Spheroids, Organoids, and Assembloids

Tissue Engineering Part A, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(13-14), P. 377 - 386

Published: Dec. 8, 2023

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, a promising advancement in tissue engineering technology, involves the robotic, layer-by-layer additive biofabrication of functional 3D and organ constructs. This process utilizes biomaterials, typically hydrogels living cells, following digital models. Traditional uses classic triad scaffolds, physicochemical signals bioreactors. A scaffold is temporary, often biodegradable, support structure. Tissue primarily falls into two categories: (i) based (ii) free. The latter, scaffold-free gaining increasing popularity. Organ building blocks (OBB), capable self-assembly self-organization, such as spheroids, organoids, assembloids, have begun to be utilized bioprinting. article discusses expanding range OBB, presents rapidly evolving collection bioprinting bioassembly methods using these finally, outlines advantages, challenges, future perspectives OBB printing.

Language: Английский

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Human lung organoid: Models for respiratory biology and diseases

Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 494, P. 26 - 34

Published: Dec. 5, 2022

The human respiratory system, consisting of the airway and alveoli, is one most complex organs directly interfaced with external environment. diverse epithelial cells lining surface are usually first cell barrier that comes into contact pathogens could lead to deadly pulmonary disease. There an urgent need understand mechanisms self-renewal protection these against harmful pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2. Traditional models, including lines mouse have extremely limited native phenotypic features. Therefore, in recent years, mimic complexity lung, alveoli organoid technology has been developed widely applied. TGF-β/BMP/SMAD, FGF Wnt/β-catenin signaling proven play a key role lung expansion differentiation. Thus, we summarize current novel culture strategies discuss their application for understanding biological features pathophysiology diseases, especially COVID-19. Lung organoids provide excellent vitro model research platform.

Language: Английский

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Understanding the neurological implications of acute and long COVID using brain organoids

Disease Models & Mechanisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(7)

Published: July 1, 2023

ABSTRACT As early as in the acute phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, research community voiced concerns about long-term implications infection. Severe respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), like many other viruses, can trigger chronic disorders that last months or even years. Long COVID, and persistent disorder lasting more than 12 weeks after primary infection with SARS-CoV-2, involves a variable number neurological manifestations, ranging from mild to severe fatal. In vitro vivo modeling suggest SARS-CoV-2 drives changes within neurons, glia brain vasculature. this Review, we summarize current understanding neuropathology long particular emphasis on knowledge derived organoid models. We highlight advantages main limitations organoids, leveraging their human-derived origin, similarity cellular tissue architecture human tissues, potential decipher pathophysiology COVID.

Language: Английский

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Methods and Models for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Respiratory Infections

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 18 - 18

Published: Dec. 24, 2024

Respiratory infections, including tuberculosis, constitute a major global health challenge. Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains one of the leading causes mortality worldwide. The disease’s complexity is attributed to Mtb’s capacity persist in latent states, evade host immune defenses, and develop resistance antimicrobial treatments, posing significant challenges for diagnosis therapy. Traditional models, such as animal studies two-dimensional (2D) vitro systems, often fail accurately recapitulate human-specific processes, particularly formation granulomas—a defining feature tubercular infection. These limitations underscore need more physiologically relevant models study TB pathogenesis. Emerging three-dimensional (3D) organoids lung-on-chip platforms, offer innovative approaches mimic structural functional human lung. enable recreation key aspects granulomas, cellular interactions, oxygen gradients, nutrient limitations, thereby providing deeper insights into Mtb This review aims elucidate advantages 3D systems bridging translational gap between traditional experimental clinical applications. Particular emphasis placed on their potential address related genetic variability both pathogen, advancing research therapeutic development.

Language: Английский

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Louis Pasteur continues to shape the future of microbiology

Disease Models & Mechanisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(12)

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Louis Pasteur made seminal discoveries in microbiology, immunology and vaccinology that transformed clinical science saved millions of lives. Since the 19th century, our ability to study infectious disease has undergone radical changes due newly emerging technologies infection models. In this Editorial, I consider Pasteur's impact on understand combat context two modern-day pandemics: coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) antimicrobial resistance (AMR). During COVID-19 pandemic, we witnessed remarkable ambition severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) innovate effective vaccines prevent disease. For comparatively overlooked pandemic AMR, require same level urgency develop alternative approaches antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains cause deaths annually. statement "chance only favours mind which is prepared" a principle captures 'l'esprit Pasteur'. This should continue guide research disease, for need support development predictive models cutting-edge mechanistic prepare us discovery therapeutic impact.

Language: Английский

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