The thermal ecology and physiology of reptiles and amphibians: A user's guide

Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 335(1), P. 13 - 44

Published: July 8, 2020

Abstract Research on the thermal ecology and physiology of free‐living organisms is accelerating as scientists managers recognize urgency global biodiversity crisis brought by climate change. As ectotherms, temperature fundamentally affects most aspects lives amphibians reptiles, making them excellent models for studying how animals are impacted changing temperatures. research this group accelerates, it essential to maintain consistent optimal methodology so that results can be compared across groups over time. This review addresses utility reptiles model studies reviewing best practices their physiology, highlighting key have advanced field with new improved methods. We end presenting several areas where show great promise further advancing our understanding relations between environments

Language: Английский

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Adaptive Evolution in Cities: Progress and Misconceptions

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 36(3), P. 239 - 257

Published: Dec. 17, 2020

Language: Английский

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Effects of urban street trees on human thermal comfort and physiological indices: a case study in Changchun city, China

Journal of Forestry Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(3), P. 911 - 922

Published: June 7, 2021

Planting trees along urban streets is one of the most important strategies to improve thermal environment. However, net impacts street on human comfort and physiological parameters are still less clear. On three similar east–west orientated with different degrees tree cover—low (13%), medium (35%), high (75%), microclimatic indices for six male students were simultaneously measured cloudless days in summer 2018. The results show that differences cover predominant influencing environment comfort. highest had significantly lower equivalent temperature (PET) more comfortable than other two streets. frequency strong heat stress (PET > 35 °C) was 64%, 11%, 0%, respectively, low, medium, cover. For university students, varied greatly across Systolic blood pressure, diastolic pulse rate increased decreasing also suggest considerable impact parameters. Our study provides reasons planners plant promote sustainability.

Language: Английский

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Selection on adaptive and maladaptive gene expression plasticity during thermal adaptation to urban heat islands

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Oct. 26, 2021

Phenotypic plasticity enables a single genotype to produce multiple phenotypes in response environmental variation. Plasticity may play critical role the colonization of novel environments, but its adaptive evolution is controversial. Here we suggest that rapid parallel regulatory adaptation Anolis lizards urban heat islands due primarily selection for reduced and/or reversed heat-induced maladaptive thermal conditions. We identify evidence polygenic across genes skeletal muscle transcriptome associated with tolerance. Forest raised common garden conditions exhibit changes expression these largely correlate decreased tolerance, consistent high-temperature environments. In contrast, display gene after challenge and significant increase change congruent greater putatively state warmer Genes displaying repeatedly show genetic divergence between forest habitats than those plasticity. These results highlight against during modification complex systems wild.

Language: Английский

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Climate change, sex reversal and lability of sex‐determining systems

Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(3), P. 270 - 281

Published: Jan. 17, 2020

Sex reversal at high temperatures during embryonic development (e.g., ZZ females) provides the opportunity for new genotypic crosses male × female). This raises alarming possibility that climatic warming could lead to loss of an entire chromosome-one member sex chromosome pair (the Y or W)-and transition populations environmental determination (ESD). Here we examine evolutionary dynamics sex-determining systems exposed using theoretical models. We found chromosomes is not inevitable consequence reversal. A large frequency (50% from female) typically divides outcome between ZW genotype and stable persistence males, females females. The amount associated with depended on several features wild populations-environmental fluctuation, immigration, heritable variation in temperature sensitivity differential fecundity sex-reversed individuals. Chromosome was partially completely buffered when individuals suffered a reproductive fitness cost, immigration occurred existed. Thus, under certain circumstances, may persist cryptically where environment predominant influence sex.

Language: Английский

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In a nutshell, a reciprocal transplant experiment reveals local adaptation and fitness trade‐offs in response to urban evolution in an acorn‐dwelling ant

Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 75(4), P. 876 - 887

Published: Feb. 15, 2021

Urban-driven evolution is widely evident, but whether these changes confer fitness benefits and thus represent adaptive urban less clear. We performed a multiyear field reciprocal transplant experiment of acorn-dwelling ants across rural environments. Fitness responses were consistent with local adaptation: we found survival advantage the "home" "local" treatments compared to "away" "foreign" treatments. Seasonal bias in was evolutionary patterns gains losses thermal tolerance traits urbanization gradient. Rural environment more vulnerable summer, putatively due low heat tolerance, winter, an evolved loss cold tolerance. The results for via fecundity also generally adaptation, if somewhat complex. Urban-origin produced alates their home versus away environment, rural-origin had environment. Overall, magnitude adaptation lower novel adapted ancestral adding further evidence that species might not keep pace anthropogenic change.

Language: Английский

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Can nesting behaviour allow reptiles to adapt to climate change?

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1884)

Published: July 10, 2023

A range of abiotic parameters within a reptile nest influence the viability and attributes (including sex, behaviour body size) hatchlings that emerge from nest. As result sensitivity, reproducing female can manipulate phenotypic her offspring by laying eggs at times in places provide specific conditions. Nesting reptiles shift their terms timing oviposition, location depth beneath soil surface across spatial temporal gradients. Those maternal manipulations affect mean values variances both temperature moisture, may modify vulnerability embryos to threats such as predation parasitism. By altering thermal hydric conditions nests, climate change has potential dramatically developmental trajectories survival rates embryos, phenotypes hatchlings. Reproducing females buffer effects modifying timing, structure nests ways enhance viability. Nonetheless, our understanding nesting behaviours response remains limited reptiles. Priority topics for future studies include documenting climate-induced changes environment, degree which behavioural shifts mitigate climate-related deleterious impacts on development, ecological evolutionary consequences responses change. This article is part theme issue ‘The ecology nests: cross-taxon approach’.

Language: Английский

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Adaptive responses of the embryos of birds and reptiles to spatial and temporal variations in nest temperatures

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 286(1915), P. 20192078 - 20192078

Published: Nov. 20, 2019

Natural nests of egg-laying birds and reptiles exhibit substantial thermal variation, at a range spatial temporal scales. Rates trajectories embryonic development are highly sensitive to temperature, favouring an ability embryos respond adaptively (i.e. match their developmental biology local regimes). Spatially, variation can be significant within single nest (top bottom), among adjacent (as function shading, depth etc.), across populations that inhabit areas with different weather conditions, species differ in climates occupied and/or characteristics. Thermal regimes also vary temporally, ways generate differences population (e.g. due seasonal timing laying), species. Anthropogenic activities habitat clearing, climate change) add this diversity regimes. We review published literature on adaptations spatio-temporal heterogeneity temperatures. Although relatively few taxa have been studied detail, proximate mechanisms remain unclear, our identifies many cases which natural selection appears fine-tuned embryogenesis Developmental rates reported between uppermost versus lower eggs nest, laid early late the season, from cooler warmer climates. identify gaps understanding (embryonic) phases life history, suggest fruitful opportunities for future research.

Language: Английский

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Mother knows best: nest-site choice homogenizes embryo thermal environments among populations in a widespread ectotherm

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1884)

Published: July 10, 2023

Species with large geographical ranges provide an excellent model for studying how different populations respond to dissimilar local conditions, particularly respect variation in climate. Maternal effects, such as nest-site choice greatly affect offspring phenotypes and survival. Thus, maternal behaviour has the potential mitigate effects of divergent climatic conditions across a species' range. We delineated natural nesting areas six painted turtles ( Chrysemys picta ) that span broad latitudinal range quantified spatial temporal nest characteristics. To quantify microhabitats available females choose, we also identified sites within area each location were representative thermal microhabitats. Across range, nested non-randomly targeted generally had less canopy cover thus higher temperatures. Nest differed among locations but did not predictably vary latitude or historic mean air temperature during embryonic development. In conjunction other studies these populations, our results suggest is homogenizing environments, which buffers embryos from thermally induced selection could slow evolution. although effective at macroclimatic scale, unlikely compensate novel stressors rapidly increase This article part theme issue ‘The evolutionary ecology nests: cross-taxon approach’.

Language: Английский

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Thermal tolerance in the urban heat island: thermal sensitivity varies ontogenetically and differs between embryos of two sympatric ectotherms

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Most studies of thermal tolerance use adults, but early-life stages (e.g. embryos) are often more sensitive to agitation. Studies that examine effects on embryos rarely assess the potential for change with ontogeny or how differ among sympatric species, and utilize unrealistic temperature treatments. We used fluctuations from nests within urban-heat island determine changes across development differs two lizard species (Anolis sagrei Anoliscristatellus). applied varied in frequency magnitude at different times during measured embryo physiology survival, hatchling morphology, growth survival. Thermal differed between by ∼2°C: A. sagrei, a prefers warmer, open-canopy microhabitats, were robust stress than cristatellus, which cooler, closed-canopy microhabitats. Moreover, changed through development; however, nature this species. For was greatest mid-development. relationship not statistically clear. The survival physiology. Hatchling morphology less affected. Inter-specific responses timing stochastic events respect have important mortality. Thus, research integrates ecologically meaningful treatments, considers multiple life-history examines interspecific will be critical make predictions impacts global wildlife.

Language: Английский

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