Framework and guidelines for implementing the proposed IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT)

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 21(11), P. 1360 - 1363

Published: Sept. 21, 2015

Abstract Recently, Blackburn et al . (2014) developed a simple, objective and transparent method for classifying alien taxa in terms of the magnitude their detrimental environmental impacts recipient areas. Here, we present comprehensive framework guidelines implementing this method, which term Environmental Impact Classification Alien Taxa, or EICAT. We detail criteria applying EICAT scheme consistent comparable fashion, prescribe supporting information that should be supplied along with classifications, describe process method. This comment aims to draw attention interested parties guidelines, them entirety location where they are freely accessible any potential users.

Language: Английский

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Island Biodiversity in the Anthropocene

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 31 - 60

Published: July 26, 2019

Biodiversity on marine islands is characterized by unique biogeographic, phylogenetic and functional characteristics. Islands hold a disproportionate amount of the world's biodiversity, they have also experienced loss it. Following human contact, island biodiversity has sustained negative impacts increasing in rate magnitude as transitioned from primary through secondary to tertiary economies. On islands, habitat transformation invasive non-native species historically been major threats although these will continue new forms, such human-induced climate change sea-level rise are emerging. Island changing with some going extinct, others abundance, becoming part many ecosystems, humans shaping ecological processes. thus microcosms for emerging socioecological landscapes Anthropocene. require strategies protection restoration their including maintaining biological cultural heritage regenerative practices, mainstreaming production landscapes, engaging reality novel ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Crossing Frontiers in Tackling Pathways of Biological Invasions

BioScience, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 65(8), P. 769 - 782

Published: July 11, 2015

Substantial progress has been made in understanding how pathways underlie and mediate biological invasions. However, key features of their role invasions remain poorly understood, available knowledge is widely scattered, major frontiers research management are insufficiently characterized. We review the state art, highlight recent advances, identify pitfalls constraints, discuss challenges four broad fields pathway management: classification, application information, response, impact. present approaches to describe quantify attributes (e.g., spatiotemporal changes, proxies introduction effort, environmental socioeconomic contexts) they interact with species traits regional characteristics. also provide recommendations for a agenda particular focus on emerging (or neglected) questions new analytical tools context management.

Language: Английский

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Prospects and challenges of implementing DNA metabarcoding for high-throughput insect surveillance

GigaScience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(8)

Published: July 30, 2019

Abstract Trap-based surveillance strategies are widely used for monitoring of invasive insect species, aiming to detect newly arrived exotic taxa as well track the population levels established or endemic pests. Where these traps have low specificity and capture non-target species in excess target pests, need extensive specimen sorting identification creates a major diagnostic bottleneck. While recent development standardized molecular diagnostics has partly alleviated this requirement, single per reaction nature methods does not readily scale sheer number insects trapped programmes. Consequently, lists often restricted few high-priority allowing unanticipated avoid detection potentially establish populations. DNA metabarcoding recently emerged method conducting simultaneous, multi-species complex mixed communities may lend itself ideally rapid bulk trap samples. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing platforms could enable multiplexing hundreds diverse samples on flow cell, thereby providing means dramatically up terms both quantity that can be processed concurrently pest targeted. In review literature, we explore how tailored context highlight unique technical regulatory challenges must considered when implementing technologies into sensitive applications.

Language: Английский

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Drivers of future alien species impacts: An expert‐based assessment

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 4880 - 4893

Published: July 14, 2020

Abstract Understanding the likely future impacts of biological invasions is crucial yet highly challenging given multiple relevant environmental, socio‐economic and societal contexts drivers. In absence quantitative models, methods based on expert knowledge are best option for assessing invasion trajectories. Here, we present an assessment drivers potential alien species under contrasting scenarios socioecological through mid‐21st century. Based responses from 36 experts in invasions, moderate (20%–30%) increases compared to current conditions, expected cause major biodiversity most contexts. Three main invasions—transport, climate change change—were predicted significantly affect even a best‐case scenario. Other (e.g. human demography migration tropical subtropical regions) were also high importance specific global individual taxonomic groups or biomes). We show that some can substantially reduce invasions. However, rapid comprehensive actions necessary use this achieve goals Post‐2020 Framework Convention Biological Diversity.

Language: Английский

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Invader Relative Impact Potential: a new metric to understand and predict the ecological impacts of existing, emerging and future invasive alien species

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 54(4), P. 1259 - 1267

Published: Dec. 10, 2016

Summary Predictions of the identities and ecological impacts invasive alien species are critical for risk assessment, but presently we lack universal standardized metrics that reliably predict likelihood degree impact such invaders (i.e. measurable changes in populations affected species). This need is especially pressing emerging potential future have no invasion history. Such a metric would also ideally apply across diverse taxonomic trophic groups. We derive new invader blends: (i) classic Functional Response ( FR ; consumer per capita effect) Numerical NR population response) approaches to determining impact, is, Total TR = × ), with; (ii) ‘Parker–Lonsdale equation’ where Impact Range Abundance Effect effect), into; (iii) metric, Relative Potential RIP Abundance. The an invader/native ratio, values >1 will occur, increasing above 1 indicate impact. In addition, invader/invader ratio allows comparisons different invaders. Across range groups, including predators, herbivores, animals plants (22 systems with 47 individual comparisons), high‐impact were significantly associated higher s compared native analogues. However, substantially improves this association, 100% predictive power Further, scores positively correlated two independent invaders, allowing prediction metric. Finally, successful identifying associating impacting species. Synthesis applications . combines effects their abundances, relative trophically analogous natives, predicting caused by As constitutes readily features individuals, abiotic biotic context‐dependencies, even can be assessed. rapidly utilized scientists practitioners could inform policy management

Language: Английский

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Classification of Non-Indigenous Species Based on Their Impacts: Considerations for Application in Marine Management

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. e1002130 - e1002130

Published: April 15, 2015

Assessment of the ecological and economic/societal impacts introduction non-indigenous species (NIS) is one primary focus areas bioinvasion science in terrestrial aquatic environments, considered essential to management. A classification system NIS, based on magnitude their environmental impacts, was recently proposed assist Here, we consider potential application this scheme marine environment, offer a complementary framework focussing value sets order explicitly address management concerns. Since existing data NIS are scarce successful removals rare, propose that adopt precautionary approach, which not only would emphasise preventing new incursions through pre-border at-border controls but also should influence categorisation impacts. The study invasion requires urgent attention significant investment, since lack luxury waiting for knowledge base be acquired before window opportunity closes feasible

Language: Английский

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The threat of invasive species to IUCN-listed critically endangered species: A systematic review

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26, P. e01476 - e01476

Published: Jan. 30, 2021

We conducted a comprehensive review of the research literature on interactions between invasive species and included in critically endangered category International Union for Conservation Nature (IUCN) Red List. This reveals that, globally, threaten 14% (28% islands) terrestrial vertebrate (birds, mammals reptiles), with birds (25%; 47% most affected, threatened predominantly by few mammal predators (mainly rodents feral cat). The chytrid fungal pathogen is main threat amphibians. control management identified this study should be high priority global biological conservation, thereby contributing towards achievement goals Post-2020 Framework Convention Biological Diversity. Further impacts other drivers will essential conservation highly species.

Language: Английский

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Invasion debt – quantifying future biological invasions

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 445 - 456

Published: Dec. 20, 2015

Abstract Aim We develop a framework for quantifying invasions based on lagged trends in (‘invasion debt’) with the aim of identifying appropriate metrics to quantify delayed responses at different invasion stages – from introduction when environmental impacts occur. Location World‐wide; detailed case study South Africa. Methods define four components debt: number species not yet introduced but likely be future given current levels introduction/propagule pressure; establishment species; potential increase area invaded by established (including invasive species); and impacts. demonstrate approach terms 21 known Australian Acacia globally estimate three debt 58 already Africa key factors (environmental suitability, status, residence time, propagule pressure, spread rate impacts). Results Current global patterns richness reflect historical most acacia that will become southern have invaded, there is substantial North America. In Africa, consequence over next 20 years was estimated at: additional becoming an average 1075 km 2 per species. this would require US $ 500 million clear. Main conclusions Our results indicate valuable metric reporting threats attributable biological invasions, must factored into strategic plans managing change, and, as other studies, they highlight value proactive management. Given uncertainty associated further work required debt.

Language: Английский

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Developing a framework of minimum standards for the risk assessment of alien species

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 55(2), P. 526 - 538

Published: Oct. 16, 2017

Abstract Biological invasions are a threat to biodiversity, society and the economy. There is an urgent need provide evidence‐based assessments of risks posed by invasive alien species ( IAS ) prioritize action. Risk underpin policies in many ways: informing legislation; providing justification restrictions trade or consumer activities; prioritizing surveillance rapid response. benefits ensuring consistency content risk globally, this can be achieved framework minimum standards as checklist for quality assurance. From review existing assessment protocols, with reference requirements EU Regulation on (1143/2014) international agreements including World Trade Organisation, Convention Diversity International Plant Protection Convention, coupled consensus methods, we identified agreed upon 14 (attributes) risk‐assessment scheme should include. The were follows: (1) basic description; (2) likelihood invasion; (3) distribution, spread impacts; (4) introduction pathways; (5) impacts biodiversity ecosystems; (6) Assessment impact ecosystem services; (7) socio‐economic (8) consideration status (threatened protected) habitat under threat; (9) effects future climate change; (10) completion possible even when there lack information; (11) documents information sources; (12) provides summary consistent interpretable form; (13) includes uncertainty; (14) In deriving these standards, gaps knowledge required completing scope protocols revealed, most notably relation assessing benefits, services but also inclusion change. Policy implications . We components that within recommendations develop meet proposed standards. Although inspired implementation European Union species, such developed specifically context, derived could applied globally.

Language: Английский

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