Harnessing the microbiome to prevent global biodiversity loss

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(11), P. 1726 - 1735

Published: July 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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The Essentials of Marine Biotechnology

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: March 16, 2021

Coastal countries have traditionally relied on the existing marine resources (e.g., fishing, food, transport, recreation, and tourism) as well tried to support new economic endeavors (ocean energy, desalination for water supply, seabed mining). Modern societies lifestyle resulted in an increased demand dietary diversity, better health well-being, biomedicines, natural cosmeceuticals, environmental conservation, sustainable energy sources. These societal needs stimulated interest of researchers diverse underexplored environments promising sources biomolecules biomass, they are addressed by emerging field (blue) biotechnology. Blue biotechnology provides opportunities a wide range initiatives commercial pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic, nutraceutical, feed, agricultural, related industries. This article synthesizes essence, opportunities, responsibilities, challenges encountered outlines attainment valorization directly derived or bio-inspired products from organisms. First, concept bioeconomy is introduced. Then, diversity bioresources including overview most prominent organisms their potential biotechnological uses described. followed introducing methodologies exploration these main use case scenarios food agronomy, bioremediation climate change, materials, healthcare, well-being sectors. The key aspects fields legislation funding provided, with emphasis importance communication stakeholder engagement at all levels development. Finally, vital overarching concepts, such quadruple helix Responsible Research Innovation principle highlighted important follow within field. authors this review collaborating under European Commission-funded Cooperation Science Technology (COST) Action Ocean4Biotech – transdisciplinary networking platform focus study state affairs.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering Coral Disease Dynamics: Integrating Host, Microbiome, and the Changing Environment

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Nov. 30, 2020

Diseases of tropical reef organisms is an intensive area study, but despite significant advances in methodology and the global knowledge base, identifying proximate causes disease outbreaks remains difficult. The dynamics infectious wildlife diseases are known to be influenced by shifting interactions among host, pathogen, other members microbiome, a collective body work clearly demonstrates that this also case for main foundation species on reefs, corals. Yet, wildlife, coral stand out as being driven largely changing environment. These contributed not only losses whole ecosystem regime shifts. Here we suggest better decipher corals, must integrate more holistic modern paradigms consider multiple variable three major players epizootics: its associated In perspective, discuss how expanding pathogen component classic host-pathogen-environment triad incorporate shifts microbiome leading dysbiosis provides model understanding dynamics. We outline issues arising when evaluating each trio make suggestions bridging gaps between them. further best tackle these challenges, researchers adjust standard paradigms, like one pathogen-one model, that, date, have been ineffectual at uncovering many emergent properties Lastly, recommendations ways forward fields marine ecology future conservation restoration given observations.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Microbiome Research for Animal Health

Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 289 - 311

Published: Dec. 15, 2020

Host-associated microbiomes contribute in many ways to the homeostasis of metaorganism. The microbiome's contributions range from helping provide nutrition and aiding growth, development, behavior protecting against pathogens toxic compounds. Here we summarize current knowledge diversity importance microbiome animals, using representative examples wild domesticated species. We demonstrate how beneficial ecological roles animal-associated can be generally grouped into well-defined main categories microbe-based alternative treatments applied mitigate problems for both economic conservation purposes crucial about host-microbiota symbiotic interactions. suggest a Customized Combination Microbial-Based Therapies promote animal health practice sustainable husbandry. also discuss connections threats associated with biodiversity loss, microorganism extinction, emerging diseases, such as COVID-19 pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Multi-domain probiotic consortium as an alternative to chemical remediation of oil spills at coral reefs and adjacent sites

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: May 21, 2021

Abstract Background Beginning in the last century, coral reefs have suffered consequences of anthropogenic activities, including oil contamination. Chemical remediation methods, such as dispersants, can cause substantial harm to corals and reduce their resilience stressors. To evaluate impacts contamination find potential alternative solutions chemical we conducted a mesocosm experiment with fire Millepora alcicornis , which is sensitive environmental changes. We exposed M . realistic oil-spill scenario applied an innovative multi-domain bioremediator consortium (bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeast) dispersant (Corexit® 9500, one most widely used dispersants), assess effects on host health host-associated microbial communities. Results The selected helped mitigate oil, substantially degrading polycyclic aromatic n-alkane fractions maintaining physiological integrity corals. Exposure Corexit 9500 negatively impacted physiology altered coral-associated community. After exposure, abundances certain bacterial genera Rugeria Roseovarius increased, previously reported stressed or diseased also identified several bioindicators microbiome. impact community was far greater than alone, killing after only 4 days exposure flow-through system. In treatments action could not be observed directly because extreme toxicity its associated Conclusions Our results emphasize importance investigating microbiome order detect role mitigation conservation tools. dispersants were more damaging should close reefs. This study aid decision-making minimize negative

Language: Английский

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The microbial dimension of submarine groundwater discharge: current challenges and future directions

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 45(5)

Published: Jan. 28, 2021

ABSTRACT Despite the relevance of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) for ocean biogeochemistry, microbial dimension SGD remains poorly understood. can influence marine communities through supplying chemical compounds and microorganisms, in turn, microbes at land–ocean transition zone determine chemistry reaching ocean. However, compared with inland groundwater, little is known about coastal aquifers. Here, we review state art SGD, emphasis on prokaryotes, identify current challenges future directions. Main include improving diversity description microbiota, characterized by ultrasmall, inactive novel taxa, high ratios sediment-attached versus free-living cells. Studies should explore dynamics their role cycles aquifers, bidirectional dispersal seawater bacterioplankton responses to SGD. This will require not only combining sequencing methods, visualization linking taxonomy activity but also considering entire groundwater–marine continuum. Interactions between traditionally independent disciplines (e.g. hydrogeology, ecology) are needed frame study terrestrial aquatic microorganisms beyond limits presumed habitats, foster our understanding processes biogeochemical cycles.

Language: Английский

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Microbial Interactions with Dissolved Organic Matter Are Central to Coral Reef Ecosystem Function and Resilience

Annual Review of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 431 - 460

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

To thrive in nutrient-poor waters, coral reefs must retain and recycle materials efficiently. This review centers microbial processes facilitating the persistence stability of reefs, specifically role these transforming recycling dissolved organic matter (DOM) that acts as an invisible currency reef production, nutrient exchange, organismal interactions. The defining characteristics including high productivity, balanced metabolism, biodiversity, retention, structural complexity, are inextricably linked to processing DOM. composition microbes DOM is summarized, spatial temporal dynamics biogeochemical carried out by microorganisms diverse habitats explored a variety key processes, decomposition, accretion, trophictransfer, macronutrient recycling. Finally, we examine how widespread habitat degradation altering important microbe–DOM interactions, creating feedbacks reduce resilience global change.

Language: Английский

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Spatial organization of the kelp microbiome at micron scales

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 24, 2022

Abstract Background Elucidating the spatial structure of host-associated microbial communities is essential for understanding taxon-taxon interactions within microbiota and between host. Macroalgae are colonized by complex communities, suggesting intimate symbioses that likely play key roles in both macroalgal bacterial biology, yet little known about organization microbes associated with macroalgae. Canopy-forming kelp ecologically significant, fixing teragrams carbon per year coastal forest ecosystems. We characterized micron-scale on blades Nereocystis luetkeana using fluorescence situ hybridization spectral imaging a probe set combining phylum-, class-, genus-level probes to localize identify > 90% community. Results show host dense biofilm composed disparate taxa close contact one another. The spatially differentiated, clustered cells dominant symbiont Granulosicoccus sp. ( Gammaproteobacteria ) surface filamentous Bacteroidetes Alphaproteobacteria relatively more abundant near biofilm-seawater interface. A community rich interior tissues. Microbial cell density increased markedly along length blade, from sparse colonization newly produced tissues at meristematic base blade an older tip. Kelp declining population hosted fewer compared stable population. Conclusions Imaging revealed association, micrometer scales, different another This creates conditions necessary metabolic exchange among microbiota, such as provisioning organic impacts nitrogen metabolisms kelp. coating well-positioned mediate surrounding organisms modulate chemistry water column. high (10 5 –10 7 cells/cm 2 ), combined immense area forests, indicates biogeochemical functions microbiome may important role

Language: Английский

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Gene gain facilitated endosymbiotic evolution of Chlamydiae

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 40 - 54

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Abstract Chlamydiae is a bacterial phylum composed of obligate animal and protist endosymbionts. However, other members the Planctomycetes–Verrucomicrobia–Chlamydiae superphylum are primarily free living. How transitioned to an endosymbiotic lifestyle still largely unresolved. Here we reconstructed species relationships modelled genome evolution. Gene content reconstruction from 11,996 gene families suggests motile facultatively anaerobic last common ancestor that had already gained characteristic endosymbiont genes. Counter expectations for streamlining in strict endosymbionts, detected substantial gain within Chlamydiae. We found divergence energy metabolism aerobiosis observed extant lineages emerged later during chlamydial In particular, metabolic aerobic genes more metabolically versatile protist-infecting chlamydiae were gained, such as respiratory chain complexes. Our results show complexity can increase evolution, adding additional perspective understanding symbiont evolutionary trajectories across tree life.

Language: Английский

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The baseline is already shifted: marine microbiome restoration and rehabilitation as essential tools to mitigate ecosystem decline

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 30, 2023

Climate change is turning formerly pristine ecosystems into ever-changing states, causing major disturbance and biodiversity loss. Such impacted marine organisms exhibit clear microbiome shifts that alter their function. Microbiome-targeted interventions appear as feasible tools to support organismal ecosystem resilience recovery by restoring symbiotic interactions thwarting dysbiotic processes. However, restoration rehabilitation are perceived drastic measures, since they ‘natural relationships’. What missing from this notion microbiomes already drastically differ any pre-anthropogenic state. As such, our perception definition of even ‘pristine states’ may in fact represent an disturbed/derived condition. Following this, we argue rehabilitating essential mitigate decline.

Language: Английский

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