Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Genotypes Show Different Replication Patterns in Human Pulmonary and Intestinal Epithelial Cells DOI Creative Commons
Gabriel Augusto Pires de Souza,

Marion Le Bideau,

Céline Boschi

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 23 - 23

Published: Dec. 23, 2021

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) quickly spread worldwide following its emergence in Wuhan, China, and hit pandemic levels. Its tremendous incidence favoured the of viral variants. The current genome diversity SARS-CoV-2 has a clear impact on epidemiology clinical practice, especially regarding transmission rates effectiveness vaccines. In this study, we evaluated replication different isolates representing virus genotypes which have been isolated throughout pandemic. We used three distinct cell lines, including Vero E6 cells originating from monkeys; Caco-2 cells, an intestinal epithelium line humans; Calu-3 pulmonary also humans. RT-qPCR to replicate by quantifying released culture supernatant infected cells. found that similarly but show very replicative capacities This was highlighted for lineages B.1.1.7, B.1.351 P.1, are considered be variants concern. These results underscore importance evaluation characterisation each isolate order establish patterns before performing tests, consideration ideal genotype-cell type pair assay.

Language: Английский

Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells DOI Creative Commons
Cody B. Jackson, Michael Farzan, Bing Chen

et al.

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 3 - 20

Published: Oct. 5, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

2502
Viral Load of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Respiratory Aerosols Emitted by Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) While Breathing, Talking, and Singing DOI Creative Commons
Kristen K. Coleman, Douglas Jie Wen Tay, Kai Sen Tan

et al.

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 74(10), P. 1722 - 1728

Published: Aug. 6, 2021

Abstract Background Multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) superspreading events suggest that aerosols play an important role in driving the disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To better understand how airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission occurs, we sought to determine viral loads within coarse (>5 μm) and fine (≤5 produced when breathing, talking, singing. Methods Using a G-II exhaled breath collector, measured RNA emitted by COVID-19 patients during 30 minutes of 15 Results Thirteen participants (59%) detectable levels aerosols, including 3 asymptomatic 1 presymptomatic patient. Viral ranged from 63–5821 N gene copies per expiratory activity participant, with high person-to-person variation. Patients earlier illness were more likely emit RNA. Two participants, sampled on day illness, accounted for 52% total load. Overall, 94% talking Interestingly, 7 virus than constituted 85% load detected our study. Virus cultures negative. Conclusions Fine singing contain may significant transmission. Exposure especially indoors, should be mitigated. Isolating viable aerosol samples remains challenging; whether this can easily accomplished emerging variants is urgent enquiry necessitating larger-scale studies.

Language: Английский

Citations

205
Infectious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Exhaled Aerosols and Efficacy of Masks During Early Mild Infection DOI Creative Commons
Oluwasanmi Adenaiye, Jianyu Lai, P. Jacob Bueno de Mesquita

et al.

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 75(1), P. e241 - e248

Published: Sept. 11, 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemiology implicates airborne transmission; aerosol infectiousness and impacts of masks variants on shedding are not well understood.

Language: Английский

Citations

113
COVID-19: the case for aerosol transmission DOI Creative Commons
Raymond Tellier

Interface Focus, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(2)

Published: Feb. 11, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is the most severe caused by a respiratory virus since 1918 influenza pandemic. As case with other viruses, three modes of transmission have been invoked: contact (direct and through fomites), large droplets aerosols. This narrative review makes that aerosol an important mode for COVID-19, reviewing studies about bioaerosol physiology, detection infectious SARS-CoV-2 in exhaled bioaerosols, prolonged infectivity persistence aerosols created laboratory, air samples, investigation outbreaks manifest involvement aerosols, animal model experiments. joins A as proven capacity can be spread route. has profound implications control current future preparedness.

Language: Английский

Citations

70
Functional importance of the D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein DOI Open Access
Cody B. Jackson, Lizhou Zhang, Michael Farzan

et al.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 538, P. 108 - 115

Published: Nov. 13, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

99
An antiviral trap made of protein nanofibrils and iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles DOI Open Access

Archana Palika,

Antonius Armanious, Akram Rahimi

et al.

Nature Nanotechnology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 918 - 925

Published: June 3, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

79
Manipulation of the unfolded protein response: A pharmacological strategy against coronavirus infection DOI Creative Commons
Liliana Echavarría-Consuegra, Georgia M. Cook, Idoia Busnadiego

et al.

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. e1009644 - e1009644

Published: June 17, 2021

Coronavirus infection induces the unfolded protein response (UPR), a cellular signalling pathway composed of three branches, triggered by proteins in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due to high ER load. We have used RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling investigate holistically transcriptional translational murine hepatitis virus (MHV), often as model for Betacoronavirus genus which recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 also belongs. found UPR be amongst most significantly up-regulated pathways MHV infection. To confirm extend these observations, we show experimentally induction all branches both MHV- SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Over-expression ORF8 or S alone is itself sufficient induce UPR. Remarkably, pharmacological inhibition greatly reduced replication SARS-CoV-2, revealing importance this successful coronavirus replication. This was particularly striking when IRE1α ATF6 were inhibited, reducing virion release (~1,000-fold). Together, data highlight promising antiviral target combat

Language: Английский

Citations

79
Structural Evaluation of the Spike Glycoprotein Variants on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Immune Evasion DOI Open Access
Mohd Zulkifli Salleh, Jeremy P. Derrick, Zakuan Zainy Deris

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(14), P. 7425 - 7425

Published: July 10, 2021

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents significant social, economic and political challenges worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 has caused over 3.5 million deaths since late 2019. Mutations in the spike (S) glycoprotein are particular concern because it harbours domain which recognises angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor is target for neutralising antibodies. S protein may induce alterations surface structures, changing conformational B-cell epitopes leading to a potential reduction vaccine efficacy. Here, we summarise how more important variants SARS-CoV-2, include cluster 5, lineages B.1.1.7 (Alpha variant), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (B.1.1.28/Gamma), B.1.427/B.1.429 (Epsilon), B.1.526 (Iota) B.1.617.2 (Delta) confer mutations their respective proteins enhance viral fitness by improving binding affinity ACE2 lead an increase infectivity transmission. We further discuss these provide resistance against immune responses, either acquired naturally or induced vaccination. This information will be valuable guiding development vaccines other therapeutics protection ongoing disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Language: Английский

Citations

78
Viral Load of SARS-CoV-2 in Respiratory Aerosols Emitted by COVID-19 Patients while Breathing, Talking, and Singing DOI Creative Commons
Kristen K. Coleman, Douglas Jie Wen Tay, Kai Sen Tan

et al.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 19, 2021

Abstract Background Multiple SARS-CoV-2 superspreading events suggest that aerosols play an important role in driving the COVID-19 pandemic. However, detailed roles of coarse (>5μm) and fine (≤5μm) respiratory produced when breathing, talking, singing are not well-understood. Methods Using a G-II exhaled breath collector, we measured viral RNA emitted by patients during 30 minutes 15 singing. Results Among 22 study participants, 13 (59%) detectable levels aerosols, including 3 asymptomatic 1 presymptomatic patient. Viral loads ranged from 63–5,821 N gene copies per expiratory activity Patients earlier illness were more likely to emit RNA, differed significantly between The largest proportion was (53%), followed talking (41%) breathing (6%). Overall, constituted 85% load detected our study. Virus cultures negative. Conclusions Fine contain than may significant transmission SARS-CoV-2. Exposure should be mitigated, especially indoor environments where airborne is occur. Isolating viable aerosol samples remains challenging, whether this can easily accomplished for emerging variants enquiry future studies. Key Points We sampled discovered generated

Language: Английский

Citations

61
A robust SARS-CoV-2 replication model in primary human epithelial cells at the air liquid interface to assess antiviral agents DOI Creative Commons
Thuc Nguyen Dan,

Kim Donckers,

Laura Vangeel

et al.

Antiviral Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 192, P. 105122 - 105122

Published: June 26, 2021

There are, besides remdesivir, no approved antivirals for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. To aid in search against this virus, we explored use human tracheal airway epithelial cells (HtAEC) and small (HsAEC) grown at air-liquid interface (ALI). These cultures were infected apical side with one two different isolates. Each virus was shown to replicate high titers extended periods time (at least 8 days) and, particular an isolate D614G spike (S) protein did so more efficiently 35 °C than 37 °C. The effect a selected panel reference drugs that added culture medium basolateral system explored. Remdesivir, GS-441524 (the parent nucleoside remdesivir), EIDD-1931 molnupiravir) IFN (β1 λ1) all resulted dose-dependent inhibition viral RNA infectious collected side. However, AT-511 free base form AT-527 currently clinical testing) failed inhibit replication these vitro primary cell models. Together, results provide further studies aimed selecting inhibitors preclinical development.

Language: Английский

Citations

56