Neuronal responses to omitted tones in the auditory brain: A neuronal correlate for predictive coding

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(24)

Published: June 14, 2023

Prediction provides key advantages for survival, and cognitive studies have demonstrated that the brain computes multilevel predictions. Evidence predictions remains elusive at neuronal level because of complexity separating neural activity into stimulus responses. We overcome this challenge by recording from single neurons cortical subcortical auditory regions in anesthetized awake preparations, during unexpected omissions interspersed a regular sequence tones. find subset responds reliably to omitted In animals, omission responses are similar but larger more frequent, indicating arousal attentional state levels affect degree which neuronally represented. Omission-sensitive also responded frequency deviants, with their getting emphasized state. Because occur absence sensory input, they provide solid empirical evidence implementation predictive process.

Language: Английский

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Spontaneously emerging internal models of visual sequences combine abstract and event-specific information in the prefrontal cortex

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(3), P. 113952 - 113952

Published: March 1, 2024

When exposed to sensory sequences, do macaque monkeys spontaneously form abstract internal models that generalize novel experiences? Here, we show neuronal populations in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex jointly encode visual sequences by separate codes for the specific pictures presented and their sequential structure. We recorded neurons while passively viewed sequence mismatches local-global paradigm. Even without any overt task or response requirements, representations of structure, serial order, image identity within distinct but superimposed subspaces. Representations structure rapidly update following single exposure a mismatch sequence, represent different complexity. Finally, those across same repetition comprising images. These results suggest rich reflecting both content-specific information.

Language: Английский

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Neural correlates of novelty detection in the primary auditory cortex of behaving monkeys

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(3), P. 113864 - 113864

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

The neural mechanisms underlying novelty detection are not well understood, especially in relation to behavior. Here, we present single-unit responses from the primary auditory cortex (A1) two monkeys trained detect deviant tones amid repetitive ones. Results show that can sounds, and there is a strong correlation between late neuronal (250–350 ms after onset) monkeys' perceptual decisions. magnitude timing of both behavioral increased by larger frequency differences standard increasing number preceding deviant. This suggests A1 neurons encode behaving monkeys, influenced stimulus relevance expectations. study provides evidence supporting aspects predictive coding sensory cortex.

Language: Английский

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Corticothalamic Pathways in Auditory Processing: Recent Advances and Insights From Other Sensory Systems

Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 19, 2021

The corticothalamic (CT) pathways emanate from either Layer 5 (L5) or 6 (L6) of the neocortex and largely outnumber ascending, thalamocortical pathways. CT provide anatomical foundations for an intricate, bidirectional communication between thalamus cortex. They act as dynamic circuits information transfer with ability to modulate even drive response properties target neurons at each synaptic node circuit. L6 feedback enable cortex shape nature its driving inputs, by directly modulating sensory message arriving thalamus. L5 can postsynaptic initiate a transthalamic corticocortical circuit which cortical areas communicate other. For this reason, place heart through hierarchy. Recent evidence goes further suggest that via regulates functional connectivity within across regions, might be engaged in cognition, behavior, perceptual inference. As descending reciprocal context-dependent cortex, we venture projections are particularly interesting context hierarchical inference formulations such those contemplated predictive processing schemes, so far heavily rely on implementations. We discuss recent proposals suggesting thalamus, higher order pathways, could coordinate contextualize hierarchies. will explore these ideas focus auditory system.

Language: Английский

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Cortical ensembles selective for context

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(14)

Published: April 2, 2021

Neural processing of sensory information is strongly influenced by context. For instance, cortical responses are reduced to predictable stimuli, while increased novel stimuli that deviate from contextual regularities. Such bidirectional modulation based on preceding context likely a critical component or manifestation attention, learning, and behavior, yet how it arises in circuits remains unclear. Using volumetric two-photon calcium imaging local field potentials primary visual cortex (V1) awake mice presented with "oddball" paradigms, we identify both reductions augmentations stimulus-evoked depending, whether the stimulus was redundant deviant, respectively. Interestingly, deviance-augmented were limited specific subset neurons mostly supragranular layers. These deviance-detecting cells spatially intermixed other visually responsive functionally correlated, forming neuronal ensemble. Optogenetic suppression prefrontal inputs V1 selectivity ensembles, demonstrating causal role for top-down inputs. The presence specialized context-selective ensembles cortex, modulated higher areas, provides circuit substrate brain's construction selection prediction errors, computations which key survival deficient many psychiatric disorders.

Language: Английский

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Novel stimuli evoke excess activity in the mouse primary visual cortex

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(5)

Published: Jan. 31, 2022

Significance Rapid detection and processing of stimulus novelty are key elements adaptive behavior. Predictive coding theories postulate that novel stimuli should be encoded differently from familiar stimuli. Here, we show the majority neurons in layer 2/3 mouse primary visual cortex exhibit a significant excess response to The distinction between images developed rapidly, requiring only few repeated presentations. We this phenomenon can described by model cascading adaptation. This ubiquitous mechanism makes it likely similar computations could carried out many brain areas.

Language: Английский

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Corticofugal regulation of predictive coding

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 15, 2022

Sensory systems must account for both contextual factors and prior experience to adaptively engage with the dynamic external environment. In central auditory system, neurons modulate their responses sounds based on statistical context. These response modulations can be understood through a hierarchical predictive coding lens: repeated stimuli are progressively decreased, in process known as repetition suppression, whereas unexpected produce prediction error signal. Prediction incrementally increases along hierarchy from inferior colliculus (IC) cortex (AC), suggesting that these regions may coding. A potential substrate top-down cues is massive set of descending projections AC subcortical structures, although role this system processing has never been directly assessed. We tested effect optogenetic inactivation cortico-collicular feedback awake mice IC designed test suppression. Inactivation pathway led decrease IC. Repetition suppression was unaffected by inactivation, metric reflect fatigue bottom-up sensory inputs rather than processing. also discovered populations units exhibit enhancement, sequential increase firing stimulus repetition. Cortico-collicular enhancement nucleus IC, it phenomenon. Negative error, stronger tone predictable unpredictable sequence, suppressed shell during inactivation. changes metrics arose bidirectional standard deviant contexts, such responded more similarly each context absence cortical input. investigated how compare between anesthetized states recording same under conditions. found deviance detection differ depending anesthetic state animal, negative emerging being prevalent anesthesia. Overall, our results demonstrate provides about sound brain via direct feedback, regulating

Language: Английский

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Adaptation in auditory processing

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 103(2), P. 1025 - 1058

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Adaptation is an essential feature of auditory neurons, which reduces their responses to unchanging and recurring sounds allows response properties be matched the constantly changing statistics that reach ears. As a consequence, processing in system highlights novel or unpredictable produces efficient representation vast range animals can perceive by continually adjusting sensitivity and, lesser extent, tuning neurons most commonly encountered stimulus values. Together with attentional modulation, adaptation sound also helps generate neural representations are tolerant background noise therefore plays vital role scene analysis. In this review, we consider diverse forms found terms levels at they arise, underlying mechanisms, impact on coding perception. We ask what dynamics adaptation, occur over multiple timescales, reveal about statistical environment. Finally, examine how influenced learning experience changes as result aging hearing loss.

Language: Английский

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Omission responses in local field potentials in rat auditory cortex

BMC Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: May 30, 2023

Non-invasive recordings of gross neural activity in humans often show responses to omitted stimuli steady trains identical stimuli. This has been taken as evidence for the coding prediction or error. However, such omission from invasive cellular-scale animal models is scarce. Here, we sought characterise using extracellular auditory cortex anaesthetised rats. We profiled across local field potentials (LFP), analogue multiunit (AMUA), and single/multi-unit spiking activity, that were fixed-rate acoustic noise bursts where 5% randomly omitted.

Language: Английский

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Auditory processing control by the medial prefrontal cortex: A review of the rodent functional organisation

Hearing Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 443, P. 108954 - 108954

Published: Jan. 20, 2024

Afferent inputs from the cochlea transmit auditory information to central nervous system, where is processed and passed up hierarchy, ending in cortex. Through these brain pathways, spectral temporal features of sounds are sent cortex for perception. There also many mechanisms place modulation inputs, with a major source being based medial prefrontal (mPFC). Neurons rodent mPFC receive input other regions such as thalamus, hippocampus basal forebrain, allowing them encode high-order about context, predictability valence. The then exerts control over perception via top-down pathway, altering responses sounds. result higher-order processing that produces characteristics deviance detection, attention, avoidance fear conditioning. This review summarises connections between primary neurons stimuli, how outputs shape sounds, changes systems during hearing loss tinnitus may contribute conditions.

Language: Английский

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