Thirty years of resistance: Zig-zag through the plant immune system

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(5), P. 1447 - 1478

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

Understanding the plant immune system is crucial for using genetics to protect crops from diseases. Plants resist pathogens via a two-tiered innate detection-and-response system. The first Resistance (R) gene was cloned in 1992 . Since then, many cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been identified, and R genes that encode intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLRs) cloned. Here, we provide list of characterized PRRs NLRs. In addition receptors, components signaling networks were discovered over last 30 years. We review pathways, physiological responses, molecular regulation both PRR- NLR-mediated immunity. Recent studies reinforced importance interactions between two systems. an overview immunity, highlighting challenges perspectives future research.

Language: Английский

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Genome evolution and diversity of wild and cultivated potatoes

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 606(7914), P. 535 - 541

Published: June 8, 2022

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's most important non-cereal food crop, and vast majority of commercially grown cultivars are highly heterozygous tetraploids. Advances in diploid hybrid breeding based on true seeds have potential to revolutionize future potato production1-4. So far, relatively few studies examined genome evolution diversity wild cultivated landrace potatoes, which limits application their breeding. Here we assemble 44 high-quality genomes from 24 20 accessions that representative Solanum section Petota, tuber-bearing clade, as well 2 neighbouring section, Etuberosum. Extensive discordance phylogenomic relationships suggests complexity evolution. We find substantially expanded its repertoire disease-resistance genes when compared with closely related seed-propagated solanaceous crops, indicative effect tuber-based propagation strategies genome. discover a transcription factor determines tuber identity interacts mobile tuberization inductive signal SP6A. also identify 561,433 high-confidence structural variants construct map large inversions, provides insights for improving inbred lines precluding linkage drag, exemplified by 5.8-Mb inversion associated carotenoid content tubers. This study will accelerate enrich our understanding biology global staple crop.

Language: Английский

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Plant NLR diversity: the known unknowns of pan-NLRomes

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(4), P. 814 - 831

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Plants and pathogens constantly adapt to each other. As a consequence, many members of the plant immune system, especially intracellular nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat receptors, also known as NOD-like receptors (NLRs), are highly diversified, both among family in same genome, between individuals species. While this diversity has long been appreciated, its true extent remained unknown. With pan-genome pan-NLRome studies becoming more comprehensive, our knowledge NLR sequence is growing rapidly, pan-NLRomes provide powerful platforms for assigning function NLRs. These efforts an important step toward goal comprehensively predicting from alone whether provides disease resistance, if so, which pathogens.

Language: Английский

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The ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus microcarpus encodes a microRNA involved in cross-kingdom gene silencing during symbiosis

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(3)

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Significance Plant genomes encode hundreds of genes controlling the detection, signaling pathways, and immune responses necessary to defend against pathogens. Pathogens, in turn, continually evolve evade these defenses. Small RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), are one mechanism used by pathogens overcome plant defenses facilitate colonization. Mounting evidence would suggest that beneficial microbes, likewise, use miRNAs symbiosis. Here, we demonstrate fungus Pisolithus microcarpus encodes a miRNA enters cells stabilizes symbiotic interaction. These results fungi may regulate host gene expression through sheds light on how microbes have evolved mechanisms colonize tissues.

Language: Английский

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NLR receptors in plant immunity: making sense of the alphabet soup

EMBO Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10)

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Plants coordinately use cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors to perceive pathogens mount an response. Intracellular events of pathogen recognition are largely mediated by the nucleotide binding leucine rich-repeat (NLR) classes. Upon perception, NLRs trigger a potent broad-spectrum reaction, usually accompanied form programmed cell death termed hypersensitive Some plant act as multifunctional singleton which combine detection signaling. However, can also function in higher order pairs networks functionally specialized interconnected receptors. In this article, we cover basic aspects NLR biology with emphasis on networks. We highlight some recent advances structure, function, activation discuss emerging topics such modulator NLRs, suppression bioengineering. Multi-disciplinary approaches required disentangle how these receptor evolve. Answering questions holds potential deepen our understanding system unlock new era disease resistance breeding.

Language: Английский

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PTI‐ETI synergistic signal mechanisms in plant immunity

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(8), P. 2113 - 2128

Published: March 12, 2024

Summary Plants face a relentless onslaught from diverse array of pathogens in their natural environment, to which they have evolved myriad strategies that unfold across various temporal scales. Cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect conserved elicitors or endogenous molecules released during pathogen invasion, initiating the first line defence plants, known as pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI), imparts baseline level disease resistance. Inside host cells, effectors are sensed by nucleotide‐binding/leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) receptors, then activate second defence: effector‐triggered (ETI), offering more potent and enduring mechanism. Moreover, PTI ETI collaborate synergistically bolster resistance collectively trigger cascade downstream responses. This article provides comprehensive review plant responses, an overview stepwise activation interactions between PTI‐ETI synergistic signal transduction.

Language: Английский

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Cell-type-specific responses to fungal infection in plants revealed by single-cell transcriptomics

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(10), P. 1732 - 1747.e5

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

Pathogen infection is a dynamic process. Here, we employ single-cell transcriptomics to investigate plant response heterogeneity. By generating an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf atlas encompassing 95,040 cells during by fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum higginsianum, unveil cell-type-specific gene expression, notably enrichment of intracellular immune receptors in vasculature cells. Trajectory inference identifies that had different interactions with the invading fungus. This analysis divulges transcriptional reprogramming abscisic acid signaling specifically occurring guard cells, which consistent stomatal closure dependent on direct contact Furthermore, plasticity genes involved glucosinolate biosynthesis at sites, emphasizing contribution epidermis-expressed MYB122 disease resistance. work underscores spatially dynamic, responses pathogen and provides valuable resource supports in-depth investigations plant-pathogen interactions.

Language: Английский

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Pathogen perception and signaling in plant immunity

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(5), P. 1465 - 1481

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Abstract Plant diseases are a constant and serious threat to agriculture ecological biodiversity. Plants possess sophisticated innate immunity system capable of detecting responding pathogen infection prevent disease. Our understanding this has grown enormously over the past century. Early genetic descriptions plant disease resistance virulence were embodied in gene-for-gene hypothesis, while physiological studies identified pathogen-derived elicitors that could trigger defense responses cells tissues. Molecular these phenomena have now coalesced into an integrated model involving cell surface intracellular detection specific molecules proteins culminating induction various cellular responses. Extracellular receptors engage distinct signaling processes but converge on many similar outputs with substantial evidence for integration pathways interdependent networks controlling outcomes. Many molecular details recognition known, providing opportunities bioengineering enhance protection from Here we provide overview current main principles immunity, emphasis key scientific milestones leading insights.

Language: Английский

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Convergent reduction of immune receptor repertoires during plant adaptation to diverse special lifestyles and habitats

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Language: Английский

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Plant pathogens convergently evolved to counteract redundant nodes of an NLR immune receptor network

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. e3001136 - e3001136

Published: Aug. 23, 2021

In plants, nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-containing proteins can form receptor networks to confer hypersensitive cell death innate immunity. One class of NLRs, known as NLR required for (NRCs), are central nodes in a complex network that protects against multiple pathogens comprises up half the NLRome solanaceous plants. Given prevalence this network, we hypothesised convergently evolved secrete effectors target NRC activities. To test this, screened library 165 bacterial, oomycete, nematode, aphid their capacity suppress response triggered by NRC-dependent disease resistance Prf Rpi-blb2. Among 5 identified suppressors, 1 cyst nematode protein oomycete activity autoimmune mutants NRC2 NRC3, but not NRC4, indicating they specifically counteract subset independently sensor partners. Whereas effector SPRYSEC15 binds AVRcap1b suppresses these NRCs via membrane trafficking-associated NbTOL9a (Target Myb 1-like 9a). We conclude plant have immune through different mechanisms. Coevolution with pathogen may driven diversification into functionally redundant massively expanded network.

Language: Английский

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