Processing rhythm in speech and music: Shared mechanisms and implications for developmental speech and language disorders.

Neuropsychology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 35(8), P. 771 - 791

Published: Aug. 26, 2021

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Language: Английский

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Neurocognitive, physiological, and biophysical effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(2), P. 189 - 205

Published: Dec. 19, 2022

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can modulate human neural activity and behavior. Accordingly, tACS has vast potential for cognitive research brain disorder therapies. The generates oscillating electric fields in the that bias spike timing, causing changes local oscillatory power cross-frequency cross-area coherence. affects performance by modulating underlying single or nested rhythms, distal synchronization, metabolic activity. Clinically, tailored to abnormal oscillations shows promising results alleviating psychiatric neurological symptoms. We summarize findings of mechanisms, its use applications, novel developments personalized stimulation.

Language: Английский

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Neural oscillations are a start toward understanding brain activity rather than the end

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. e3001234 - e3001234

Published: May 4, 2021

Does rhythmic neural activity merely echo the features of environment, or does it reflect a fundamental computational mechanism brain? This debate has generated series clever experimental studies attempting to find an answer. Here, we argue that field been obstructed by predictions oscillators are based more on intuition rather than biophysical models compatible with observed phenomena. What follows is cautionary examples serve as reminders ground our hypotheses in well-developed theories oscillatory behavior put forth theoretical study dynamical systems. Ultimately, hope this exercise will push concern itself less vague question "oscillation not" and specific can be readily tested.

Language: Английский

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Rhythms in cognition: The evidence revisited

European Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(11-12), P. 2991 - 3009

Published: June 1, 2022

Brain activity abounds with rhythmic patterns (Capilla et al., 2021; Groppe 2013; Keitel & Gross, 2016) that reflect ongoing fluctuations of neuronal excitability (Adrian Matthews, 1934; Bishop, 1932). These rhythms can be described as oscillations cycle through phases at specific frequencies and a certain strength or amplitude (Figure 1). Attempts to account for the functional relevance have gone from associating cognitive function X Y more comprehensive understanding role brain in human everyday experience behaviour (Buzsáki Draguhn, 2004; Fries, 2015; Lakatos 2019; Wang, 2010). accounts support simple, yet fundamental idea: Cognitive functions themselves may intrinsically rhythmic. "The scanning apparatus should intrinsic period operation which identifiable performance brain. [...] In fact, it has order frequency appropriate alpha rhythm brain, shown electroencephalograms. We suspect this is associated form perception, partakes nature sweep rhythm, like process television apparatus." Theories derived these early ideas been reiterated over past 90 years. During time, research focussed on variations framework claiming processes depend offered wealth empirical evidence (Schroeder 2010; VanRullen, 2016; VanRullen Koch, 2003). Rhythmic sampling, implemented rhythms, proposed underlies not only perception but also attention (VanRullen 2007), memory (Staresina 2015), language (Giraud Poeppel, 2012). Linking cognition sampling particularly attractive because allows using global mechanistic principles bridge two different levels explanation: normal function, involves activity, experiences. addition, leaves open possibility actively intervening external stimulation either advance theory, example, close causal (see section 'Can we manipulate take control cognition?'), develop applications clinical interventions, such rehabilitation, brain-computer interfaces. The field, however, immune controversy. available does unequivocally assumed visual processing (Benwell 2017; Chaumon Busch, 2014; Fekete 2018; O'Hare, 1954; Ruzzoli van Diepen Van Walsh, 1952), various theoretical inconsistencies highlighted (Fekete White, 2018). For instance, exact implicated often differ between studies task and/or stimulus characteristics (Chen 2020; Ho Merholz 2022; Ronconi see table 2019), difficult reconcile any simple model fixed, discrete temporal 'frames' (White, Additionally, effect sizes showing periodicity behavioural neural measures tend small, hence line clear, all-or-nothing frame boundaries (Milton Pleydell-Pearce, 2018) utility real-life (Vigué-Guix 2020). Furthermore, literature suffers lack direct replications, pre-registered studies, data, code sharing (Garrett-Ruffin Niso Pavlov 2021), well low statistical power (Button 2013). Finally, publication bias favour statistically significant results distorted undermined reliability published (Szucs Ioannidis, 2017). Despite extensive research, existence remain intensely debated, idea continues attract vast interest. Special Issue, called methodologically principled irrespective their outcome, would contribute clarifying if, under conditions, observed. addition 26 original articles (including conceptual replications), received reviews, methodological advances, position papers. Following our aim re-visit cognition, evaluated primary outcomes 23 tested hypothesis directly. A split picture emerged 11 reporting supportive 12 others null inconclusive findings Figure 2). Within context, here review 36 publications Issue an emphasis how each contribution informs questions controversies wider cognition. doing so, cluster contributions around prevalent topics – Does operate rhythmically? And if processes? majority come influence outcomes. Below, summarise previous lines discuss relevant Issue. Numerous demonstrated by probing time intervals relative reference event. Provided are distributed across wide-enough range sampled densely within range, resulting course submitted spectral analysis rhythmicity. This approach new (e.g., Latour, 1967; Purushothaman 2000) become increasingly popular last decade Dugué Fiebelkorn Landau 2012; Senoussi 2019). refer reader Kienitz al. (2021) overview experimental paradigms employed study during attentive vision both non-human primates. behaviour, debate surrounds potential dissociations frequencies. Michel addressed topic information up down theta (4–7 Hz) (8–12 rhythms. participants performed orientation judgement after non-informative cue (50% validity) indicated target location. observed precision oscillated invalidly cued targets, whilst guess rate validly targets. suggest distinct roles potentially subserving attentional fluctuations. However, authors suggested environmental likely drives spatial resolution, rather than strict succession perceptual snapshots blind gaps 'up' 'down' respectively. possible frequencies, degree fixed depends demands participant state remains unclear. regard, Balestrieri (2021, issue) showed interplay working memory. Rhythms detection were maintenance simultaneous task. Interestingly, was modulated load, oscillating ~7.5 Hz versus 5 high respectively, suggesting might depending allocation limited resources another Morrow Samaha whether occurs alpha-band (Chakravarthi Sokoliuk 2016), capitalising motion-related illusions: flash-lag Fröhlich effect. Indeed, according recently (K. A. Schneider, 2018), supported series 'perceptual moments', duration individual differences illusions. hypothesised effects driven endogenous peak participants, then magnitude illusion correlated individuals. successfully induced illusions all found no correlation Bayesian favoured single underlying oscillatory mechanism could Plöchl examined auditory modality. Their included visual, auditory, bimodal conditions task, closely replicated seminal Fries (2012). Specifically, they capitalised reset (in modality) automatically drive one (left vs. right) streams events uncued locations. fluctuated counter phase attended locations, confirming supramodal processing. modality entirely earlier finding where alpha-range (9 response decision making (Ho combined dichotic oddball paradigm test violating sensory expectations made novel observation stimuli played non-anticipated ear induce subsequent theta-range (7.6 accuracy. update representations following violations expectations. concluded that, although rhythmicity corroborated (growing) number special considerations analytical necessary Brookshire, 2021). need chosen, require large trials participants. On note, der Werf unable replicate (Fiebelkorn Helfrich modified Egly-Driver (Egly 1994) detecting appear end (i.e., location) other space-based, non-cued bar, equidistant bar (object-based, location). No pattern accuracy locations level predictive validity, though exploratory did reveal ~7–8 when cues moderately informative. commentary al.'s study, proposes despite being comparable (Helfrich per condition replication too reliably detect further suggests purely data limiting combining simultaneously recorded electrophysiology (but ten Oever 2022, issue, Fiebelkorn's commentary). Magneto- electroencephalography (M/EEG) allow investigating activity. They enable analyses performance, detection, parameters (phase amplitude) presentation. Most M/EEG revolve question pre-stimulus affect attempting specific, previously untested conditions. EEG presented detected targets rhythmically counter-phase predicted modalities. Benwell challenging letter identification measure subjective awareness trial. confirmed reports (also By contrast, had accuracy, again replicating 1952). Similarly, Michail discrimination corresponding phase. unique aspect experiment long 2.5 s. Accordingly, speculate less lasting several cycles. Sheldon Mathewson set out post-stimulus likelihood guessing. reproduced precisely analysed error distribution models yield separate estimates Conceptually, similar who 'Rhythmicity behaviour'). (Mathewson 2009; Fakche 2022), performance. Instead, 2–7 activities Zazio issue), turn, clear behaviour. resembled (Busch 2009), reported Using MEG source analysis, stimulus-evoked inversely related occipito-temporal areas, whereas localised occipital prefrontal areas. Whilst assessed analysing Es (2020, used vector machine decode (counter/clockwise) signal. classification along theta/alpha frontal eye field parietal cortex contralateral grating stimulus. reflected (reaction times), leaving unknown. Gaillard Ben Hamed neurophysiological argue seems continuously regions alternates periodically center periphery parieto-frontal networks. two-stage positing combination continuous interact conscious percepts (Herzog Vigué-Guix attempted demonstrate interesting features stand section. First, aimed Callaway Yeager (1960), papers looking into idea. closed-loop analyse real-time (bright LED flashes) selectively rhythm. Second, kept eyes closed throughout experiment, amplified facilitated extracting its comparably small sample demonstrating level. reliable estimation parameter managed present accordingly, onset times participant. putative sizable enough practical relevance, signal interface applications. Along phase, recent investigated instantaneous within- between-participant integration temporally proximal (Samaha Postle, 2015) multisensory (audiovisual) (Cecere Keil Senkowski, 2017), theory cycles (VanRullen, 2016). London (2022, extend audiovisual supra-threshold stimuli. occipito-parietal electrodes increased sensitivity, found. results, those (Buergers Noppeney, cast doubt notion determining factor sensitivity perception. provided reviewed thus far provide answer way Behavioural issue frequently perhaps surprising contrasts suggestion (Fiebelkorn, 2021, given represents measurement question. tasks appears quite robust, (see, e.g., D. Schneider (Zazio Therefore, markedly weaker compared effects. aligns Benwell, Keitel, Notably, even subset considered attempts (Plöchl Der least very designs (van mixed. Replication extension key will critical development (Pavlov valuable examples. It crucial methodologies optimised 2022). flaws (such power), important validated replications. ideally trial numbers) terms overall size. collaborative run labs (Open Science Collaboration, 2015). Another future step derive hypotheses existing theories about tasks, states (and not). 1932) predicts is, excitability. arguably case short durations contrast feature longer (Michail Mathewson, issue). challenge define benchmark 'just works', stimuli, trusted fields neuroscience developed conventional eliciting interest, capture (Theeuwes, 1992), cueing (Carrasco, 2011), markers (Ngiam Establishing standard vantage point chart determine affects Manipulating periodic tool sampling. As Quigley reports, dates back Adrian Matthews (1934) Walter (1954), light light-induced responses synchronisation inputs since termed 'entrainment'. entrainment remained pervasive drew strengths major routes: explanatory functions, versatility technique experimenters and, later on, interventionists. Regarding power, Dynamic Attending Theory, posits internal oscillators rhythms) synchronise (Jones Boltz, 1989; Henry Herrmann, 2014). Once established, synchronised cycling optimal cortical coincide upcoming facilitates Lakatos, 2009). widely promoted general interactions input (Lakatos Tavano emblematic crucially underlie ability tune segment understand speech Rimmele Hauswald 2020, From perspective experimenters, versatile method directly manipulating Next stimulation, magnetic electrical non-invasive (NIBS) (Thut, Schyns, 2011). prospect influencing inspired interventions pathological please Tichko (2020) gamma-frequency (40 attempt counteract pathophysiologies linked Alzheimer's disease (Iaccarino strong integrating music-based currently therapy. enthusiastically overall, unclear, implementing applies circumscribed situations. One significance benefits beyond regularities input. implements selective (Calderone 2013), facilitate behaviourally providing periods Barne predictably recurring (here: tone frequency) lead higher predictable features, embedded regular sequences. interleaved instructed compare them probe brief retention interval. Although find benefit non-rhythmic de Graaf Duecker, W. M. Lin, Oetringer, Rassili Ordin, Sun nor pre-probe templates period, cortices intermittent pre-activation anticipation anticipatory anti-phasic activation supports puts maximally excitable (potential) delivery. Moreover, self-sustain ceases. Lin three experiments versions pitch total 181 occurring discriminated faster accurately out-of-phase. first experiments, low-frequency 1–3 Hz. paradigm, Hickok (2015) in-phase easily, entrainment. findings. After amplitude-modulated noise, responded tones constant noise pre-target noise. some periodicities consistently Saberi Hickok, Ordin presenting sequence (linguistic) syllables (non-linguistic) natural sounds similarly affected intermediately sound. neither type exceeded irregular Further hinted reactio

Language: Английский

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Phase Alignment of Low-Frequency Neural Activity to the Amplitude Envelope of Speech Reflects Evoked Responses to Acoustic Edges, Not Oscillatory Entrainment

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(21), P. 3909 - 3921

Published: April 26, 2023

The amplitude envelope of speech is crucial for accurate comprehension. Considered a key stage in processing, the phase neural activity theta-delta bands (1-10 Hz) tracks during listening. However, mechanisms underlying this representation have been heavily debated. A dominant model posits that tracking reflects entrainment endogenous low-frequency oscillations to envelope. Alternatively, series evoked responses acoustic landmarks within It has proven challenging distinguish these two mechanisms. To address this, we recorded MEG while participants ( n = 12, 6 female) listened natural speech, and compared patterns predictions computational models: an oscillatory peaks rate change. Critically, also presented at slowed rates, where spectro-temporal models diverge. Our analyses revealed transient theta phase-locking regular as predicted by both models. slow found delta phase-locking, pattern was fully compatible with response but could not be explained model. Furthermore, encoding edge magnitudes invariant contextual rate, demonstrating normalization representations. Together, our results suggest more likely reflect discrete information rather than entrainment. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study probes highly debated topic perception: cortical temporal speech. well established intensity profile signal, its envelope, elicits robust brain “tracks” fluctuations. alignment oscillations. Here authors provide evidence distinct mechanism. They show arises from rapid increases Explicit modeling provides direct compelling are primary mechanism representations, no

Language: Английский

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Multisensory flicker modulates widespread brain networks and reduces interictal epileptiform discharges

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 11, 2024

Modulating brain oscillations has strong therapeutic potential. Interventions that both non-invasively modulate deep structures and are practical for chronic daily home use desirable a variety of applications. Repetitive audio-visual stimulation, or sensory flicker, is an accessible approach modulates hippocampus in mice, but its effects humans poorly defined. We therefore quantified the neurophysiological flicker with high spatiotemporal resolution patients focal epilepsy who underwent intracranial seizure monitoring. In this interventional trial (NCT04188834) cross-over design, subjects different frequencies stimulation same recording session effect exposure on local field potential (LFP) power interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) as primary secondary outcomes, respectively. Flicker focally modulated potentials expected canonical cortices also medial temporal lobe prefrontal cortex, likely via resonance stimulated long-range circuits. Moreover, decreased discharges, pathological biomarker degenerative diseases, most strongly regions where were flicker-modulated, especially visual cortex lobe. This met scientific goal now closed. Our findings reveal how multi-sensory may cortical to mitigate activity humans.

Language: Английский

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Frequency Selectivity of Persistent Cortical Oscillatory Responses to Auditory Rhythmic Stimulation

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(38), P. 7991 - 8006

Published: July 22, 2021

Cortical oscillations have been proposed to play a functional role in speech and music perception, attentional selection, working memory, via the mechanism of neural entrainment. One properties entrainment that is often taken for granted its modulatory effect on ongoing outlasts rhythmic stimulation. We tested existence this phenomenon by studying cortical during after presentation melodic stimuli passive perception paradigm. Melodies were composed ∼60 ∼80 Hz tones embedded 2.5 stream. Using intracranial surface recordings male female humans, we reveal persistent oscillatory activity high-γ band response throughout cortex, well beyond auditory regions. By contrast, stream, no any frequency was observed. further show our data are captured model damped harmonic oscillator can be classified into three classes dynamics, with distinct damping eigenfrequencies. This provides mechanistic quantitative explanation selectivity human cortex. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It has subtended entrainment, synchronization phase or amplitude periodic humans passively listening stimuli, consistent responses oscillations. On contrary, do not outlast low-frequency acoustic dynamics. interpret results as reflecting properties, ubiquitous physics but rarely used neuroscience.

Language: Английский

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Naturalistic spoken language comprehension is supported by alpha and beta oscillations

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. JN - 22

Published: April 14, 2023

Brain oscillations are prevalent in all species and involved numerous perceptual operations. Alpha thought to facilitate processing through the inhibition of task-irrelevant networks, while beta linked putative reactivation content representations. Can proposed functional role alpha be generalized from low-level operations higher-level cognitive processes? Here we address this question focusing on naturalistic spoken language comprehension. Twenty-two (18 female) Dutch native speakers listened stories French magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded. We used dependency parsing identify three states at each word: number (1) newly opened dependencies, (2) dependencies that remained open, (3) resolved dependencies. then constructed forward models predict power features. Results showed features language-related regions beyond linguistic Left temporal, fundamental comprehension alpha, frontal parietal, higher-order regions, motor beta. Critically, alpha- beta-band dynamics seem subserve tapping into syntactic structure building semantic composition by providing mechanistic for processes. Due temporal similarity alpha-beta responses, their potential dissociation remains elucidated. Overall, study sheds light during comprehension, evidence generalizability these complex SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: It unclear whether function is generalizable processes, such as found when listening speech a known language. offer experimental findings integrate neuroscientific framework brain “building blocks” with This supports view domain-general across hierarchy functions, sensory abstract

Language: Английский

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Challenges and Approaches in the Study of Neural Entrainment

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(40), P. e1234242024 - e1234242024

Published: Oct. 2, 2024

When exposed to rhythmic stimulation, the human brain displays activity across sensory modalities and regions. Given ubiquity of this phenomenon, how rhythms are transformed into neural remains surprisingly inconclusive. An influential model posits that endogenous oscillations entrain external rhythms, thereby encoding environmental dynamics shaping perception. However, research on entrainment faces multiple challenges, from ambiguous definitions methodological difficulties when need be identified disentangled other stimulus-related mechanisms can lead similar phase-locked responses. Yet, recent years have seen novel approaches overcome these including computational modeling, insights dynamical systems theory, sophisticated stimulus designs, study neuropsychological impairments. This review outlines key challenges in research, delineates state-of-the-art approaches, integrates findings animal neurophysiology provide a broad perspective usefulness, validity, constraints oscillatory models brain-environment interaction.

Language: Английский

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Neural sampling of the speech signal at different timescales by children with dyslexia

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 253, P. 119077 - 119077

Published: March 9, 2022

Phonological difficulties characterize individuals with dyslexia across languages. Currently debated is whether these arise from atypical neural sampling of (or entrainment to) auditory information in speech at slow rates (<10 Hz, related to rhythm), faster rates, or neither. MEG studies adults suggest that affects modulations the neurophysiological gamma band, phoneme-level representation. However, dyslexic have had years reduced experience converting graphemes phonemes, which could itself cause gamma-band activity. The present study was designed identify specific linguistic timescales English children may show entrainment. Adopting a developmental focus, we hypothesized would prosodic and syllable-level exaggerated infant-directed carried primarily by amplitude <10 Hz. recorded naturalistic story-listening paradigm. modulation bands different types were derived directly materials, lagged coherence multiple temporal spanning 0.9-40 Hz computed. Group differences speech-brain between control most marked corresponding stress (<5 our materials), (12-40 Hz). Functional connectivity analyses showed network groups both hemispheres, showing significantly global efficiency. Global efficiency correlated children's oral language development reading development. These data characterized slower rates. They also throw new light on nature band reported adults.

Language: Английский

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