Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: July 30, 2021
Abstract
The
goal
of
deliberation
is
to
separate
between
options
so
that
we
can
commit
one
and
leave
the
other
behind.
However,
can,
paradoxically,
also
form
an
association
in
memory
chosen
unchosen
options.
Here,
consider
this
possibility
examine
its
consequences
for
how
outcomes
affect
not
only
value
chose,
but
also,
by
association,
did
choose.
In
five
experiments
(total
n
=
612),
including
a
preregistered
experiment
(
235),
found
assigned
inversely
related
their
counterparts.
Moreover,
inverse
relationship
was
associated
with
participants’
pairs
they
chose
between.
Our
findings
suggest
deciding
does
end
competition
them.
Deliberation
binds
choice
together
such
learned
inferred
other.
Errors
in
probabilistic
reasoning
have
been
the
focus
of
much
psychology
research
and
are
among
original
topics
modern
behavioral
economics.This
chapter
reviews
theory
evidence
on
this
topic,
with
goal
facilitating
more
systematic
study
belief
biases
their
integration
into
economics.The
discusses
beliefs
about
random
processes,
updating,
representativeness
heuristic
as
a
possible
unifying
theory,
interactions
between
biased
updating
other
features
situation.Throughout,
I
aim
to
convey
how
there
is
for
(and
against)
each
putative
bias,
highlight
when
different
may
be
related
other.The
ends
by
drawing
general
lessons
people
update
too
or
little,
reflecting
modeling
challenges,
pointing
areas
economics
which
relevant,
highlighting
some
directions
future
work.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Nov. 6, 2018
Sense
of
ownership
is
a
ubiquitous
and
fundamental
aspect
human
cognition.
Here
we
used
model-based
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging
novel
minimal
paradigm
to
probe
the
behavioural
neural
mechanisms
underpinning
acquisition
for
ourselves,
friends
strangers.
We
find
self-ownership
bias
at
multiple
levels
behaviour
from
initial
preferences
reaction
times
computational
learning
rates.
Ventromedial
prefrontal
cortex
(vmPFC)
anterior
cingulate
sulcus
(ACCs)
responded
more
self
vs.
stranger
associations,
but
despite
pervasive
track
self-ownership,
no
brain
area
tracked
exclusively.
However,
ACC
gyrus
(ACCg)
specifically
coded
prediction
errors
strangers
associative
strength
not
self.
Core
are
biased
learn
in
reference
also
engaged
when
others.
In
contrast,
exhibits
specialization
about
Psychological Review,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
127(6), P. 945 - 971
Published: May 14, 2020
Contemporary
theories
of
instrumental
performance
assume
that
responding
can
be
controlled
by
2
behavioral
systems,
1
goal-directed
encodes
the
outcome
an
action,
and
habitual
reinforces
response
strength
same
action.
Here
we
present
a
model
free-operant
behavior
in
which
control
is
determined
correlation
between
rates
action
whereas
total
prediction
error
generated
contiguous
reinforcement
controls
strength.
The
outputs
these
two
systems
summate
to
generate
This
cooperative
addresses
difference
impact
ratio
interval
schedules,
transition
from
with
extended
training,
persistence
under
choice
procedures
following
extinction,
among
other
phenomena.
In
respects,
this
dual-system
unique
its
account
behavior.
(PsycInfo
Database
Record
(c)
2020
APA,
all
rights
reserved).
