Tick Control Strategies: Critical Insights into Chemical, Biological, Physical, and Integrated Approaches for Effective Hard Tick Management

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 114 - 114

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Ticks and tick-borne diseases significantly impact animal health, public economic productivity globally, particularly in areas where the wildlife–livestock interface complicates management. This review critically examines current control strategies, focusing on chemical, biological, physical, integrated pest management (IPM) approaches. Chemical acaricides, while effective, are increasingly challenged by resistance development environmental concerns. Biological approaches, including natural predators entomopathogenic fungi, physical interventions, such as habitat modification, provide sustainable alternatives but require further optimization. IPM stands out most promising long-term solution, integrating multiple approaches to enhance efficacy reducing risks. Emerging innovations, nanotechnology-enhanced acaricides next-generation vaccines, offer avenues for improved tick control. Addressing complex challenges of requires tailored interdisciplinary collaboration, sustained research investment both veterinary health contexts.

Language: Английский

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Gut bacteria of the silkworm Bombyx mori facilitate host resistance against the toxic effects of organophosphate insecticides

Environment International, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 143, P. 105886 - 105886

Published: July 2, 2020

Organophosphate insecticides that are heavily used in agriculture for pest control have caused growing environmental problems and public health concerns worldwide. Ironically, insecticide resistance develops quickly major lepidopteran pests, partially via their microbial symbionts. To investigate the possible mechanisms by which microbiota confers to Lepidoptera, model organism silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) was fed different antibiotics induce gut dysbiosis (microbiota imbalance). Larvae treated with polymyxin showed a significantly lower survival rate when exposed chlorpyrifos. Through high-throughput sequencing, we found abundances of Stenotrophomonas Enterococcus spp. changed substantially after treatment. assess roles played these two groups bacteria chlorpyrifos resistance, germ-free (GF) rearing protocol established avoid influence natural antibiotics. Monoassociation GF silkworms enhanced host chlorpyrifos, but not Enterococcus-fed larvae, consistent larval detoxification activity. GC-μECD detection residues feces indicated neither nor degraded directly gut. However, metabolomics analysis revealed highly species-specific pattern, higher levels essential amino acid produced larvae monoassociated Stenotrophomonas. This critical nutrient provisioning increased fitness thereby allowed circumvent deleterious effects toxic chemicals more efficiently. Altogether, our study only suggests new mechanism notorious pests also provides useful template investigating interplay between complex systems.

Language: Английский

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Diet as a Source of Exposure to Environmental Contaminants for Pregnant Women and Children from Six European Countries

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 127(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2019

Pregnant women and children are especially vulnerable to exposures food contaminants, a balanced diet during these periods is critical for optimal nutritional status.Our objective was study the association between measured blood urinary levels of environmental contaminants in mother-child pairs from six European birth cohorts (n=818 mothers 1,288 children).We assessed consumption seven groups organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), heavy metals phthalate metabolites, phenolic compounds, organophosphate pesticide (OP) metabolites. Organic childhood also studied. We applied multivariable linear regressions targeted maximum likelihood based estimation (TMLE).Maternal high (≥4 times/week) versus low (<2 fish associated with 15% higher PCBs [geometric mean (GM) ratio=1.15; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.29], 42% perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) (GM ratio=1.42; CI: 1.20, 1.68), 89% mercury (Hg) ratio=1.89; 1.47, 2.41) 487% increase arsenic (As) ratio=4.87; 2.57, 9.23) levels. In children, (≥3 (<1.5 23% perfluorononanoate (PFNA) ratio=1.23; 1.08, 1.40), 36% PFUnDA ratio=1.36; 1.12, 1.64), 37% perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) ratio=1.37; 1.22, 1.54), >200% Hg As [GM ratio=3.87 (95% 1.91, 4.31) GM ratio=2.68 2.23, 3.21)] concentrations. Using TMLE analysis, we estimated that within recommended 2-3 times/week resulted lower PFAS, Hg, compared consumption. Fruit positively OP negatively metabolites.Fish related exposures. addition, fruit source exposure OPs. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5324.

Language: Английский

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Next‐generation biological control: the need for integrating genetics and genomics

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 95(6), P. 1838 - 1854

Published: Aug. 14, 2020

ABSTRACT Biological control is widely successful at controlling pests, but effective biocontrol agents are now more difficult to import from countries of origin due restrictive international trade laws (the Nagoya Protocol). Coupled with increasing demand, the efficacy existing and new needs be improved genetic genomic approaches. Although they have been underutilised in past, application techniques becoming feasible both technological economic perspectives. We review current methods provide a framework for using them. First, it necessary identify which trait select what direction. Next, genes or markers linked these traits need determined, including how implement this information into selective breeding program. Choosing can assisted by modelling account proper agro‐ecological context, knowing sufficiently high heritability values. guidelines designing strategies programs, depend on organism, budget, desired objective. Genomic approaches start genome sequencing assembly. guide deciding most strategy agents. Gene discovery involves quantitative loci analyses, transcriptomic proteomic studies, gene editing. Improving practices includes marker‐assisted selection, selection microbiome manipulation agents, monitoring variation during rearing post‐release. conclude identifying promising applications improve biological efficacy.

Language: Английский

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Effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides on child neurodevelopment in different age groups: a systematic review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(18), P. 18267 - 18290

Published: April 30, 2019

Language: Английский

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Toward a New Common Sense

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 470 - 477

Published: Feb. 5, 2021

In Chapter 18, we outlined a reading of the present global conjuncture that characterized as one organic crisis. The term was meant to invoke paradoxical situation, pregnant with possibilities for alternative ways in which health might be improved, yet nevertheless situation new alternatives have emerge or indeed born.

Language: Английский

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Association of Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate, Pyrethroid, and Neonicotinoid Insecticides with Child Neurodevelopment at 2 Years of Age: A Prospective Cohort Study

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 131(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Widespread insecticide exposure might be a risk factor for neurodevelopment of our children, but few studies examined the mixture effect maternal coexposure to organophosphate insecticides (OPPs), pyrethroids (PYRs), and neonicotinoid (NNIs) during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment, critical windows are unknown.We aimed evaluate association prenatal multiple with children's identify exposure.Pregnant women were recruited into prospective birth cohort study in Wuhan, China, from 2014-2017. Eight metabolites OPPs (mOPPs), three PYRs (mPYRs), nine NNIs (mNNIs) measured 3,123 urine samples collected at their first, second, third trimesters. Children's [mental development index (MDI) psychomotor (PDI)] was assessed using Bayley Scales Infant Development 2 years age (N=1,041). Multivariate linear regression models, generalized estimating equation weighted quantile sum (WQS) used estimate between scores. Potential sex-specific associations also examined.Single chemical analysis suggested higher urinary concentrations some first trimester significantly associated lower MDI PDI scores, more prominent among boys. Each 1-unit increase ln-transformed two mOPPs, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol 4-nitrophenol, decrease 3.16 points [95% confidence interval (CI): -5.59, -0.74] 3.06 (95% CI: -5.45, -0.68) respectively boys' that trans-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (trans-DCCA; an mPYR) 2.24 -3.89, -0.58) scores 1.90 -3.16, -0.64) respectively. Significantly positive biomarker [e.g., dimethyl phosphate (a nonspecific mOPP) desmethyl-clothianidin relatively specific mNNI)] observed. Using repeated holdout validation, 1-quartile WQS (in negative direction) 3.02 -5.47, -0.57) boys, trans-DCCA contributed most (18%).Prenatal levels certain particularly Early may sensitive window such effect. Future needed confirm findings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12097.

Language: Английский

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The risk associated with organophosphorus nerve agents: from their discovery to their unavoidable threat, current medical countermeasures and perspectives

Chemico-Biological Interactions, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 395, P. 110973 - 110973

Published: April 2, 2024

The first organophosphorus nerve agent was discovered accidently during the development of pesticides, shortly after use chemical weapons (chlorine, phosgene) on battlefield World War I. Despite Chemical Weapons Convention banning these substances, they have still been employed in wars, terrorist attacks or political assassinations. Characterised by their high lethality, target nervous system inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme, preventing neurotransmission, which, if not treated rapidly, inevitably leads to serious injury death person intoxicated. limited efficacy current antidotes, known as AChE reactivators, pushes research towards new treatments. Numerous paths explored, from modifying original pyridinium oximes developing hybrid reactivators seeking a better affinity for inhibited AChE. Another crucial approach resides molecules more prone cross blood-brain barrier: uncharged compounds, bio-conjugated innovative formulations. Our aim is raise awareness threat and toxicity agents present main synthetic efforts deployed since reactivator, tackle task efficiently treating victims warfare agents.

Language: Английский

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Neurotoxic mixture effects of chemicals extracted from blood of pregnant women

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 386(6719), P. 301 - 309

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

Human biomonitoring studies typically capture only a small and unknown fraction of the entire chemical universe. We combined analysis with high-throughput in vitro assay for neurotoxicity to complex mixtures organic chemicals blood. Plasma samples 624 pregnant women from German LiNA cohort were extracted nonselective extraction method chemicals. 294 >1000 target analytes detected quantified. Many as well whole extracts interfered neurite development. Experimental testing simulated confirmed additive mixture effects at concentrations less than individual chemicals' effect thresholds. The use screening bioassays has potential improve human provide new approach including epidemiological studies.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the complexity of organophosphorus pesticides: Ecological risks, biochemical pathways and the promise of machine learning

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 974, P. 179206 - 179206

Published: March 29, 2025

Language: Английский

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