Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 11 - 23

Published: Jan. 28, 2021

Language: Английский

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Effect of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Mechanisms, Manifestations, Genetics, and Treatment

International Journal of Women s Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: Volume 14, P. 91 - 105

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases causing infertility in women childbearing age. It characterized by hyperandrogenemia (HA), chronic anovulation, and polycystic morphology (PCOM). Most with PCOS have metabolic abnormalities. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), a transport carrier that binds estrogen androgens regulates their biological activity, usually used as an indicator hyperandrogenism PCOS. Low serum SHBG levels are considered biomarker abnormalities associated insulin resistance (IR), HA, abnormal glucose lipid metabolism patients. also related to long-term prognosis PCOS, whereas gene polymorphism risk. In addition, administration metformin (MET), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), thiazolidinediones (TZDs), compound oral contraceptives (COCs), well nutrient supplements such inositol (MI), vitamin D, synbiotics can regulate ameliorate complications improve prognosis. This review focuses on interaction between various regulation drugs nutrients its therapeutic effects

Language: Английский

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Improvement Effect of Metformin on Female and Male Reproduction in Endocrine Pathologies and Its Mechanisms

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 42 - 42

Published: Jan. 8, 2021

Metformin (MF), a first-line drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), alone and in combination with other drugs, restores the ovarian function women polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) improves fetal development, pregnancy outcomes offspring health gestational (GDM) T2DM. MF treatment is demonstrated improve efficiency of vitro fertilization considered supplementary assisted reproductive technologies. administration shows positive effect on steroidogenesis spermatogenesis men metabolic disorders, thus indicates prospective use for improvement male functions fertility. lacks teratogenic effects has newborns. The review focused therapy restoration female endocrine disorders. mechanisms action are discussed, including normalization hormonal status PCOS, GDM, T2DM functional activity regulation gonadal axis.

Language: Английский

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Leveraging Northern European population history: novel low-frequency variants for polycystic ovary syndrome

Human Reproduction, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(2), P. 352 - 365

Published: Oct. 28, 2021

Can we identify novel variants associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by leveraging the unique population history of Northern Europe?

Language: Английский

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Polycystic ovary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A state-of-the-art review

World Journal of Diabetes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 5 - 26

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often coexists with a wide spectrum of dysglycemic conditions, ranging from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), which occur greater extent compared healthy body mass index-matched women. This concurrence disorders is mainly attributed common pathogenetic pathways linking the two entities, such as insulin resistance. However, due methodological flaws in available studies and multifaceted nature syndrome, there has been substantial controversy exact association between T2D PCOS not yet elucidated. The aim this review present best evidence regarding epidemiology dysglycemia PCOS, unique pathophysiological mechanisms underlying progression dysglycemia, most appropriate methods for assessing glycemic status risk factors development population, well after transition menopause. Proposals application holistic approach enable optimal management are also provided. Specifically, adoption lifestyle adherence improved dietary patterns, Mediterranean diet, avoidance consumption endocrine-disrupting foods beverages, regular exercise, effect certain medications, metformin glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, discussed. Furthermore, maintenance weight highlighted key factor achievement significant reduction women PCOS.

Language: Английский

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Polycystic ovary syndrome as a plausible evolutionary outcome of metabolic adaptation

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Abstract As a common endocrinopathy of reproductive-aged women, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulation and ovarian morphology. It linked with insulin resistance through preferential abdominal fat accumulation that worsened obesity. Over the past two millennia, menstrual irregularity, male-type habitus sub-infertility have been described in women confirm these clinical features PCOS were antiquity. Recent findings normal-weight hyperandrogenic show exaggerated lipid subcutaneous (SC) stem cells during development to adipocytes vitro occurs combination reduced sensitivity highly-lipolytic intra-abdominal vivo. This phenotype may be an evolutionary metabolic adaptation balance energy storage glucose availability fatty acid oxidation for optimal use reproduction. review integrates fundamental endocrine-metabolic changes healthy, similar PCOS-like traits present animal models which tissue differentiation completed fetal life as humans support concept has ancestral developmental origins.

Language: Английский

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Genomic correlation, shared loci, and causal relationship between obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome: a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

Abstract Background The comorbidity between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity has long been observed in clinical settings, but their shared genetic basis remains unclear. Methods Leveraging summary statistics of large-scale GWAS(s) conducted European-ancestry populations on body mass index (adult BMI, N female =434,794; childhood =39,620), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, =381,152), WHR adjusted for BMI (WHR adj =379,501), PCOS ( case =10,074, control =103,164), we performed a genome-wide cross-trait analysis to quantify overall local correlation, identify loci, infer causal relationship. Results We found positive correlations adult r g =0.47, P =2.19×10 −16 ), =0.31, =6.72×10 −5 =0.32, =1.34×10 −10 all withstanding Bonferroni correction. A suggestive significant correlation was =0.09, =0.04). Partitioning the whole genome into 1703 nearly independent regions, at chromosome 18: 57630483–59020751. identified 16 loci underlying obesity-related traits via meta-analysis including 9 PCOS: 5 loci; 4 loci), 6 PCOS, PCOS. Mendelian randomization (MR) supported roles both (OR=2.92, 95% CI=2.33–3.67) (OR=2.76, CI=2.09–3.66) not (OR=1.19, CI=0.93–1.52) or (OR=1.03, CI=0.87–1.22). Genetic predisposition did seem influence risk traits. Conclusions Our suggests provides novel insights biological mechanisms these complex work informs public health intervention by confirming important role weight management prevention.

Language: Английский

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Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Relevant Role of the Theca and Granulosa Cells in the Pathogenesis of the Ovarian Dysfunction

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 174 - 174

Published: Dec. 31, 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common heterogeneous endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. The pathogenesis PCOS remains elusive; however, there evidence suggesting potential contribution genetic interactions or predispositions combined with environmental factors. Among these, disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been proposed to potentially contribute etiology PCOS. Granulosa and theca cells are known cooperate maintain ovarian function, any disturbance can lead disorders, such as This article provides a review recent knowledge on pathophysiology, role granulosa in pathogenesis, linking exposure EDCs disorders

Language: Английский

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Childhood, adolescent, and adulthood adiposity are associated with risk of PCOS: a Mendelian randomization study with meta-analysis

Human Reproduction, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(6), P. 1168 - 1182

Published: April 4, 2023

Abstract STUDY QUESTION What is the influence of body composition during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, as well metabolic parameters, on incident polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? SUMMARY ANSWER Excess fat, even childhood/adolescence, suggestive hyperinsulinaemia/insulin resistance, significantly impact risk PCOS in a linear fashion. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Observational Mendelian randomization (MR) data have demonstrated an association between adulthood overweight/obesity development PCOS. However, contribution childhood/adolescence to unclear, childhood overweight/obesity. DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We conducted systematic review meta-analysis integrated our results with previously published review. Two blinded investigators screened abstracts November 2010 May 2021. Furthermore, we incorporated summary statistics from genome-wide study (GWAS) subjects European ancestry. Adult overweight was defined BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 obesity 30 kg/m2; Asian subjects, 23 kg/m2. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS utilized MR together allow synthesis genetic observational data. For review, search revealed 71 studies, which 63 were included by calculating odds ratios (ORs) using random-effects model. two-sample GWAS determine adult size (defined categorically proportions), abnormal parameters (higher fasting serum insulin or lower sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentration) via inverse-variance weighted method. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Significant associations shown incidence. From review/meta-analysis, women (OR 3.80, 2.87–5.03), 4.99, 3.74–6.67), central 2.93, 2.08–4.12) had increased adolescents and/or obesity, greater than for adults. MR, every standard deviation increase (4.8 kg/m2), 2.76 (2.27–3.35). Childhood independent effect after adjusting (OR: 2.56, 1.57–4.20). Genetically determined fat percentage 3.05, 2.24–4.15), whole mass 2.53, 2.04–3.14), 6.98, 2.02–24.13), SHBG concentration 0.74, 0.64–0.87) all associated relation. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The studies cross-sectional retrospective, limiting ability causality. limited interrogating only ancestry including cases classified either self-diagnosis diagnostic criteria. WIDER IMPLICATIONS FINDINGS Our demonstrates first time critical role excess childhood/adolescent adiposity pathophysiology results, driven genetically composition, higher BMI, hyperinsulinaemia, SHBG, clearly favour driving metabolic, but not reproductive, phenotype. Overall, effective weight maintenance, early years, likely reduce this reproductive endocrine disorder. FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) S.S.Z. funded National Institute Health Care Research (NIHR) Academic Clinical Lectureship. U.A. chair NIHR Steering Committee Trial—CASSANDRA-DN. No other authors declare any sources funding relevant conflicts interest. that research absence commercial financial relations could be construed potential conflict TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

Language: Английский

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Challenges and Possible Solutions

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 1500 - 1500

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women reproductive age. This not only impairs female fertility but also increases risk obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, psychological and other health problems. Additionality, because high clinical heterogeneity, current pathogenesis PCOS still unclear. There a large gap precise diagnosis individualized treatment. We summarize present findings concerning genetics, epigenetics, gut microbiota, corticolimbic brain responses, metabolomics mechanism, highlight remaining challenges phenotyping potential treatment approaches, explain vicious circle intergenerational transmission PCOS, which might provide more thoughts for better management future.

Language: Английский

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