Women at Altitude: Sex-Related Physiological Responses to Exercise in Hypoxia

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(2), P. 271 - 287

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

Abstract Sex differences in physiological responses to various stressors, including exercise, have been well documented. However, the specific impact of these on exposure hypoxia, both at rest and during has remained underexplored. Many studies hypoxia either excluded women or included only a limited number without analyzing sex-related differences. To address this gap, comprehensive review conducted an extensive literature search examine changes functions related oxygen transport consumption hypoxic conditions. The encompasses aspects, ventilatory responses, cardiovascular adjustments, hematological alterations, muscle metabolism shifts, autonomic function modifications. Furthermore, it delves into influence sex hormones, which evolve throughout life, encompassing considerations menstrual cycle menopause. Among functions, response exercise emerges as one most sex-sensitive factors that may modify reactions hypoxia. While no significant sex-based were observed cardiac hemodynamic there is evidence greater vascular reactivity women, particularly when combined with exercise. Consequently, diffusive mechanism appears be implicated variations Despite well-established disparities parameters, acute chronic do not seem differ significantly between sexes. important note are sensitive fluctuations further investigation needed elucidate menopause

Language: Английский

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Sex differences in breathing

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 238, P. 110543 - 110543

Published: Aug. 22, 2019

Breathing is a vital behavior that ensures both the adequate supply of oxygen and elimination CO2, it influenced by many factors. Despite most studies in respiratory physiology rely heavily on male subjects, there much evidence to suggest sex an important factor control system, including susceptibility for some diseases. These different responses males females may be related actions hormones, especially adulthood. hormones affect neuromodulatory systems influence central medullary rhythm/pontine pattern generator integrator, sensory inputs integrator motor output muscles. In this article, we will first review dependence prevalence respiratory-related Then, discuss role gonadal under resting conditions during challenges, such as hypoxia hypercapnia, whether hormonal fluctuations estrous/menstrual cycle breathing control. We then locus coeruleus, sexually dimorphic CO2/pH-chemosensitive nucleus, regulation females. Next, highlight exist regarding differences development. Finally, few existing non-mammalian vertebrates discussed.

Language: Английский

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Sex and gender in respiratory physiology

European Respiratory Review, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(162), P. 210038 - 210038

Published: Nov. 8, 2021

Sex is a biological concept determined at conception. Gender social concept. Medicine recognises sex as variable and recommends including factor in clinical practice norms topic of bench research. plays role respiratory physiology according to two pathways: hormones anatomy, with females characterised by smaller dimensions every level the system. also play specific roles lung inflammatory processes, breathing control response diseases. The literature extremely controversial because many factors need be considered avoid erroneous comparisons. main difficulty lies creating homogeneous groups subjects age, body weight, lung/airway size, fluctuations circulating hormone levels, exercise protocol. Because almost all knowledge available based on research males, medicine for women therefore less evidence-based than that being applied men. Finally, number transsexual people increasing they represent new challenges clinicians, due anatomical physiological changes undergo.

Language: Английский

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Multivariate time-series sensor vital sign forecasting of cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases

Sustainable Computing Informatics and Systems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38, P. 100868 - 100868

Published: April 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Carotid Bodies and the Integrated Cardiorespiratory Response to Hypoxia

Physiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 33(4), P. 281 - 297

Published: June 14, 2018

Advances in our understanding of brain mechanisms for the hypoxic ventilatory response, coordinated changes blood pressure, and long-term consequences chronic intermittent hypoxia as sleep apnea, such hypertension heart failure, are giving impetus to search therapies "erase" dysfunctional memories distributed carotid bodies central nervous system. We review current network models, open questions, sex differences, implications translational research.

Language: Английский

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Hypoxia modeling techniques: A review

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. e13238 - e13238

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

Hypoxia is the main cause and effect of a large number diseases, including most recent one facing world, coronavirus disease (COVID-19). divided into short-term, long-term, periodic, it can be result climate change, or living traveling in high mountain regions world. Since each type hypoxia consequence various physiological changes, methods for modeling these hypoxias are also different. There many techniques under experimental conditions. The common animal rat. models (hypoxia simulations) rats tool to study conditions on oxygen supply body. These provide necessary information understand effective treatment, highlighting importance reactions body hypoxia. parameters when choosing model should reproducibility goal that scientist wants achieve. reproduced both ways exogenously endogenously. reason writing this review was aim systematize available literature order facilitate their selection by scientists. relative strengths limitations need identified understood evaluate obtained from extrapolate results humans develop generalizations. Despite problems, have been remain vital understanding mechanisms involved development progression eligibility criteria selected studies comprehensive studies. This made possible make generalizations give recommendations application methods. will assist scientists an appropriate simulation method, as well interpreting with

Language: Английский

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Using modified Fenn diagrams to assess ventilatory acclimatization during ascent to high altitude: Effect of acetazolamide

Experimental Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 109(7), P. 1080 - 1098

Published: May 15, 2024

Abstract High altitude (HA) ascent imposes systemic hypoxia and associated risk of acute mountain sickness. Acute elicits a hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), which is augmented with chronic HA exposure (i.e., acclimatization; VA). However, laboratory‐based HVR tests lack portability feasibility in field studies. As an alternative, we aimed to characterize area under the curve (AUC) calculations on Fenn diagrams, modified by plotting portable measurements end‐tidal carbon dioxide () against peripheral oxygen saturation quantify VA during incremental ( n = 46). Secondarily, these participants were compared separate group following identical profile whilst self‐administering prophylactic oral dose acetazolamide (Az; 125 mg BID; 20) ascent. First, morning collected 46 acetazolamide‐free (NAz) lowland over 10 days 5160 m Nepal Himalaya. AUC was calculated from individually constructed trichotomized split ranked values characterizing smallest, medium, largest magnitudes AUC, representing high 15), moderate 16), low 15) degrees acclimatization. After range magnitudes, further demonstrated that significantly smaller Az NAz P 0.0021), suggesting improved VA. These results suggest calculating diagrams has utility assessing large groups trekkers HA, due congruency known physiology, although this novel analytical method requires validation controlled experiments. Highlights What central question study? are characteristics methodological approach assess acclimatization (VA) (HA)? main finding its importance? Area taking group, During ascent, quantifying using feasible

Language: Английский

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The normal distribution of the hypoxic ventilatory response and methodological impacts: a meta‐analysis and computational investigation

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 601(19), P. 4423 - 4440

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

Abstract The hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) is the increase in breathing to reduced arterial oxygen pressure. Over several decades, studies have revealed substantial population‐level differences magnitude of HVR as well significant inter‐individual variation. In particular, low HVRs occur frequently Andean high‐altitude native populations. However, our group conducted hundreds measures over years and commonly observed responses sea‐level populations well. As a result, we aimed determine normal distribution, whether were common, what extent variation study protocols influence these findings. We comprehensive search literature examined distributions values across 78 that utilized step‐down/steady‐state or progressive hypoxia methods untreated, healthy human subjects. Several included multiple datasets different experimental conditions. final analysis, 72 reported mean 60 provided raw datasets. Of reporting values, 35 (58.3%) at least moderately positively skewed (skew > 0.5), 21 (35%) significantly 1), indicating lower are common. skewness does not appear be an artifact methodology unit with which reported. Further analysis demonstrated use step‐down versus did impact on average but isocapnic produced higher than poikilocapnic protocols. This work provides reference for expected illustrates this key reflex. Finally, prevalence general population insight into understanding blunted adapted groups. image Key points plays crucial role determining individual's predisposition hypoxia‐related pathologies. There notable variability sensitivity individuals differences. report distribution skewed, amongst population. also find no protocol used induce hypoxia, although greater methods. These results provide HVR, could useful clinical decisions diseases related hypoxaemia. Additionally, found within genetic adaptations residing high altitudes.

Language: Английский

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Sex‐linked difference in blood oxygen saturation

The Clinical Respiratory Journal, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1900 - 1904

Published: Dec. 11, 2017

It is not known whether SpO2 in healthy volunteers affected by sex.To evaluate there are differences between young adult males and females to the already present at birth.We studied two cohorts of patients. The first one consisted (105 102 females). In these patients, was measured as well selected anthropometric variables (height, weight), vital signs (respiratory rate, pulse rate body temperature) obtained data on menstrual cycle phase female participants. For second cohort, we reanalyzed from a previous prospective study that performed compare newborns infants born different altitudes (sea level or 760 m above sea level).In male adults, mean 97.1% ± 1.2% versus 98.6% 1.0% (P < .001). This difference remained significant = .002) after correction for BMI, BSA age, were significantly sexes univariate analysis. unaffected phase. contrast findings no measurements newborn attributable sex.Healthy adults have higher (1.5%) than their counterparts. yet birth. Further studies needed determine timing sex-differences, better define mechanism(s) behind this observation.

Language: Английский

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Elucidating Predictors of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome in a Large Bariatric Surgery Cohort

Annals of the American Thoracic Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 1279 - 1288

Published: June 11, 2020

Rationale: Although understanding predictors of obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), a condition associated with increased morbidity and mortality, is key importance for risk prediction, existing characterization limited.Objectives: We hypothesize that OHS patients referred bariatric surgery have more severe obstructive sleep apnea metabolic derangements compared their eucapnic counterparts.Methods: A total 1,718 undergoing polysomnography end-tidal CO2 monitoring prior to at Cleveland Clinic from September 2011 2018 were included. was defined by body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 either polysomnography-based 45 mm Hg or serum bicarbonate levels 27 mEq/L based on the updated European Respiratory Society guidelines. Unadjusted multivariable logistic regression models (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval) used examine consisting factors in domains patient characteristics, (cardiorespiratory architecture), laboratory, parameters.Results: The analytic sample comprised following characteristics: age 45.3 ± 12.1 years, 20.7% male, BMI = 48.6 9 kg/m2, 63.6% white individuals. prevalence 68.4%. analyses revealed 1.5% odds (1.01; 1.00–1.03) per 1-unit increase, 1.7% (1.02; 1.01–1.02) 1% increase time SaO2 < 90%, 12% (1.12; 1.03–1.22) 1-U hemoglobin A1c, 3.4% (1.03; 1.02–1.05) 5-U apnea–hypopnea index. association persisted after adjustment age, sex, race, its comorbidities 1.01–1.04).Conclusions: highly prevalent than two-thirds. Even consideration confounders including obesity, remained strong predictor, as increasing male nocturnal hypoxia, impaired long-term glucose control. These findings can inform stratification set stage experimental studies sleep-related respiratory contributions hypoventilation.

Language: Английский

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