Abiotic Stress in Plants; Stress Perception to Molecular Response and Role of Biotechnological Tools in Stress Resistance

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1579 - 1579

Published: Aug. 9, 2021

Plants, due to their sessile nature, face several environmental adversities. Abiotic stresses such as heat, cold, drought, heavy metals, and salinity are serious threats plant production yield. To cope with these stresses, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms avoid or resist stress conditions. A proper response abiotic depends primarily on how perceive the signal, which in turn leads initiation of signaling cascades induction resistance genes. New biotechnological tools RNA-seq CRISPR-cas9 quite useful identifying target genes a global scale, manipulating achieve tolerance, helping breeders develop stress-tolerant cultivars. In this review, we will briefly discuss adverse effects key salinity. We also sense various importance development

Language: Английский

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Re-assembly, quality evaluation, and annotation of 678 microbial eukaryotic reference transcriptomes

GigaScience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(4)

Published: Dec. 13, 2018

Abstract Background De novo transcriptome assemblies are required prior to analyzing RNA sequencing data from a species without an existing reference genome or transcriptome. Despite the prevalence of transcriptomic studies, effects using different workflows, “pipelines," on resulting poorly understood. Here, pipeline was programmatically automated and used assemble annotate raw short-read collected as part Marine Microbial Eukaryotic Transcriptome Sequencing Project. The were evaluated compared against that previously generated with developed by National Center for Genome Research. Results New contained majority previous contigs well new content. On average, 7.8% annotated in novel gene names not found assemblies. Taxonomic trends observed assembly metrics. Assemblies Dinoflagellata showed higher number unique k-mers than transcriptomes other phyla, while Ciliophora had lower percentage open reading frames phyla. Conclusions Given current bioinformatics approaches, there is no single “best” particular set data. As optimum moving target, improving (or not) tools programmable pipelines invaluable managing computationally intensive tasks re-processing large sets samples revised ensuring common evaluation workflow applied all samples. Thus, re-assembling may yield more accurate identification taxon-specific across addition useful products community.

Language: Английский

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Exploring physiological and molecular dynamics of drought stress responses in plants: challenges and future directions

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 24, 2025

Plants face multifactorial environmental stressors mainly due to global warming and climate change which affect their growth, metabolism, productivity. Among them, is drought stress alters intracellular water relations, photosynthesis, ion homeostasis elevates reactive oxygen species eventually reduce growth yields. In addition, soil physicochemical properties beneficial microbiota are critical for plant survival. Recent reports have shown that increasing the occurrence intensity of in many regions world, has become a primary concern crop productivity, ecophysiology food security. To develop ideas strategies protecting plants against harmful effects meeting future demand under climatic calamities an in-depth understanding molecular regulatory pathways governing responses imperative. parallel, more research needed understand how changes features soil, particularly microbiomes, as microorganisms can withstand faster than plants, could assist them recover. this review we first discuss effect on microbiomes. How affects microbe interactions other microbe-driven traits was also highlighted. Next, focused sense undergo biochemical reprogramming from root shoot regulate diverse adaptive traits. For instance, role calcium (Ca 2+ ), (ROS) abscisic acid (ABA) modulating different cellular like stomata functioning, osmotic adjustment, We provide update hormones signaling crosstalk allows fine tune during stress. Further, discussed recurrent exposure leads development short-term memory survive stresses. Lastly, application omics biotechnological-based mitigating approaches combat sustainable agriculture. This offers deeper multiple factors related be useful improvement programs.

Language: Английский

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A reference genome of the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

GigaScience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 7(6)

Published: May 28, 2018

The European beech is arguably the most important climax broad-leaved tree species in Central Europe, widely planted for its valuable wood. Here, we report 542 Mb draft genome sequence of an up to 300-year-old individual (Bhaga) from undisturbed stand Kellerwald-Edersee National Park central Germany.Using a hybrid assembly approach, Illumina reads with short- and long-insert libraries, coupled long Pacific Biosciences reads, obtained assembled size Mb, line flow cytometric estimation. largest scaffold was 1.15 N50 length 145 kb, L50 count 983. contained 0.12% Ns. A Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis retrieved 94% complete BUSCO genes, well range other high-quality genomes trees. total 62,012 protein-coding genes were predicted, assisted by transcriptome sequencing. In addition, are reporting efficient method extracting high-molecular-weight DNA dormant buds, which contamination environmental bacteria fungi kept at minimum.The will be resource reference future population genomics studies on evolution past climate change adaptation helpful identifying e.g., involved drought tolerance, order select breed individuals adapt forestry Europe. continuously updated browser download page can accessed beechgenome.net, include versions Bhaga, as new sequencing approaches develop.

Language: Английский

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Genomic basis for drought resistance in European beech forests threatened by climate change

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 16, 2021

In the course of global climate change, Central Europe is experiencing more frequent and prolonged periods drought. The drought years 2018 2019 affected European beeches ( Fagus sylvatica L.) differently: even in same stand, drought-damaged trees neighboured healthy trees, suggesting that genotype rather than environment was responsible for this conspicuous pattern. We used natural experiment to study genomic basis resistance with Pool-GWAS. Contrasting extreme phenotypes identified 106 significantly associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout genome. Most annotated genes SNPs (>70%) were previously implicated reaction plants. Non-synonymous substitutions led either a functional amino acid exchange or premature termination. An SNP assay 70 loci allowed predicting phenotype 98.6% validation sample 92 trees. Drought beech moderately polygenic trait should respond well selection, selective management, breeding.

Language: Английский

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A Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the European Beech (Fagus sylvatica) Reveals Anomalies for Organelle DNA Integration, Repeat Content and Distribution of SNPs

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 8, 2022

The European Beech is the dominant climax tree in most regions of Central Europe and valued for its ecological versatility hardwood timber. Even though a draft genome has been published recently, higher resolution required studying aspects architecture recombination. Here, we present chromosome-level assembly more than 300 year-old reference individual, Bhaga, from Kellerwald-Edersee National Park (Germany). Its nuclear 541 Mb was resolved into 12 chromosomes varying length between 28 73 Mb. Multiple insertions parts chloroplast were observed, with one region on chromosome 11 spanning 2 which fragments up to 54,784 bp long covering whole inserted randomly. Unlike Arabidopsis thaliana , ribosomal cistrons are Fagus sylvatica only four major regions, line FISH studies. On assembled chromosomes, telomeric repeats found at both ends, while centromeric be scattered throughout apart their main occurrence per chromosome. genome-wide distribution SNPs evaluated using second individual Jamy Nature Reserve (Poland). SNPs, repeat elements duplicated genes unevenly distributed genomes, anomaly 4. presented here adds available highly plant genomes hope it will serve as valuable basis future research understanding past populations changing climate.

Language: Английский

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Combining phenotype, genotype and environment to uncover genetic components underlying water use efficiency in Persian walnut

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 21, 2019

Walnut production is challenged by climate change and abiotic stresses. Elucidating the genomic basis of adaptation to essential breeding drought-tolerant cultivars for enhanced productivity in arid semi-arid regions. Here, we aimed identify loci potentially involved water use efficiency (WUE) drought Persian walnut using a diverse panel 95 families (950 seedlings) from Iran, which show contrasting levels availability their native habitats. We analyzed associations between phenotypic, genotypic, environmental variables data sets 609 000 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), three categories phenotypic traits [WUE-related under drought, stress index, principal components (PCs)], 21 combination (first PCs). Our genotype-phenotype analysis identified 22 significant 266 suggestive associations, some were multiple traits, suggesting correlation possible common genetic control. Also, genotype-environment association found 115 265 SNP that displayed potential signals local adaptation. Several stress-responsive genes regions significantly associated with aforementioned traits. Most candidate are abscisic acid signaling, stomatal regulation, transduction signals, antioxidant defense system, osmotic adjustment, leaf growth development. Upon validation, marker-trait tolerance-related would allow selection development new rootstocks or scion superior WUE.

Language: Английский

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Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis of Tree Peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) in Response to Drought Stress

Forests, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 135 - 135

Published: Feb. 7, 2019

Tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) is a famous ornamental plant, and P. ostii has been used for seed oil production in China because it rich α-linolenic acid. some resistance to drought, but lack of water can severely hinder its growth development arid areas. In order clarify drought stress induced physiological molecular changes ostia, transcriptomic analyses were performed under stress, we found that leaves drooped significantly 12 days after treatment observed significant increase all detected indices response except leaf content, chlorophyll, carotenoid content. Meanwhile, the activity three antioxidant enzymes basically increased treatment. Moreover, reduced photosynthetic chlorophyll fluorescence parameters non-photochemical quenching (qN), maintained more intact mesophyll cell structures. Additionally, many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by transcriptome sequencing, which play an important role ostia tolerance controlling variety biological processes, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) system, degradation competency, fatty acid metabolism, proline biosynthesis secondary plant hormone metabolism. These results provide better understanding responses stress.

Language: Английский

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Mining differentially expressed genes in Fagus crenata seedlings in response to short‐term soil drought stress

Plant Species Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Abstract We analyzed the transcriptional response of current‐year Fagus crenata (beech) seedling leaves after exposure to short‐term drought. Following well‐watered and water‐stressed treatments, we mapped RNA‐seq reads from sampled identified 127 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which 89 were upregulated 38 downregulated in plants. Several dozen DEGs predicted encode proteins that facilitate mitigating processes or help avoid adverse effects caused by drought stress, including stomatal closure, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation response, osmoprotectants. The functional category sulfate assimilation was enriched DEGs, although there also evidence sulfur deficiency. These results suggest existence molecular mechanisms beech are common other plant species, representing an acclimation stress as well metabolism under conditions.

Language: Английский

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Abiotic genetic adaptation in the Fagaceae

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 21(5), P. 783 - 795

Published: May 13, 2019

Abstract Fagaceae can be found in tropical and temperate regions contain species of major ecological economic importance. In times global climate change, tree populations need to adapt rapidly changing environmental conditions. The predicted warmer drier conditions will potentially result locally maladapted populations. There is evidence that genera the are already negatively affected by change‐related factors such as drought associated biotic stressors. Therefore, knowledge mechanisms underlying adaptation great interest. this review, we summarise current literature related genetic abiotic We begin with an overview diversity then stress tolerance, bud burst timing frost tolerance Fagaceae. Finally, discuss role hybridisation, epigenetics phenotypic plasticity adaptation.

Language: Английский

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