Specific Resistance of Barley to Powdery Mildew, Its Use and Beyond: A Concise Critical Review

Genes, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 971 - 971

Published: Aug. 21, 2020

Powdery mildew caused by the airborne ascomycete fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) is one of most common diseases barley (Hordeum vulgare). This, as with many other plant pathogens, can be efficiently controlled inexpensive and environmentally-friendly genetic resistance. General requirements for resistance to pathogens are effectiveness durability. Resistance Bgh has been studied intensively, this review describes recent research summarizes specific genes found in varieties since last conspectus. extraordinarily adaptable, some commonly recommended strategies using resistance, including pyramiding genes, may not effective because they only contribute a limited extent obtain sufficient durability widely-grown cultivars. In spring barley, breeding nonspecific mlo gene valuable source durable Pyramiding quantitative or introgressions derived from bulbous bulbosum) promising ways future winter The utilization wide spectrum nonhost resistances also adopted once practical methods have developed.

Language: Английский

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Authentication of rapeseed variety based on hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics

Applied Food Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100941 - 100941

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Postulation of Specific Disease Resistance Genes in Cereals: A Widely Used Method and Its Detailed Description

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 284 - 284

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

Cultivation of resistant varieties is an environmentally friendly and inexpensive method crop protection. Numerous alleles specific disease resistance occur in cereals other crops, knowledge their presence individual has wide utilization research practice. Postulation based on phenotyping host-pathogen interactions the gene-for-gene model a common way identifying these genes. The same technique design tests are used for postulating virulence when pathogen populations studied. Powdery mildews caused by different formae speciales Blumeria graminis (Bg) important cereal diseases. In this contribution, experimental methods described that use organism Bg f. sp. hordei, which can be employed possibly rusts. It includes illustrations summary our long-term practical experience. also critically evaluates benefits leaf segment compared with screening whole plants.

Language: Английский

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A novel resistance against powdery mildew found in winter barley cultivars

Plant Breeding, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 138(6), P. 840 - 845

Published: July 9, 2019

Abstract Barley powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei can be effectively controlled using genetic resistance. Moreover, specific resistances are also important for characterizing cultivars and verifying their origin, purity authenticity. Winter barley is distinguished several resistances, which usually absent in spring barley. Besides responses known genes, many showed a response suggesting the presence of an unknown Therefore, aim this research was firstly, to test winter cultivars, suspected carry resistance gene, large collection pathogen isolates expression characterise corresponding A set 16 accessions originating from four gene banks studied where each accession represented five single plant progenies. For tests, 56 were used. new with proposed designation Lu found all selected accessions. Apart Lu, eight well‐known Ml genes ( a6 , a8 a12 g h Lo ra Ru2 ) postulated. Two cv. 'Borwina' different differ genes.

Language: Английский

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A novel way to identify specific powdery mildew resistance genes in hybrid barley cultivars

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Nov. 3, 2020

Abstract Powdery mildew, a common cereal disease caused by the fungus Blumeria graminis , is major limiting factor of barley production and genetic resistance most appropriate protection against it. To aid breeding new cultivars their marketing, genes can be postulated in homogeneous accessions. Although hybrid (F 1 ) should homogeneous, they are often not genetically uniform, especially if more than two genotypes involved seed or due to undesirable self-pollination, out-crossing mechanical admixtures. overcome these problems accepted method postulating specific based on comparing response type arrays (RTAs) with RTAs standard was substituted analysing frequency types clusters pathogen isolates segregating F 2 generations. This combines phytopathological approach for identifying genes. assess its applicability six were screened from three seven total 14 found. Two newly located at Mla locus heritability determined. In addition, unknown dominant detected. novel, comprehensive efficient also applied other cereals crops.

Language: Английский

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Genotype Heterogeneity in Accessions of a Winter Barley Core Collection Assessed on Postulated Specific Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 513 - 513

Published: March 10, 2021

Gene bank accessions are necessary for implementing many research and breeding projects. However, a great number of contaminated or confused. If such used, the results obtained from these projects inaccurate non-reproducible. There methods that allow almost perfect genotype identification; nevertheless, they relatively recent cannot be compared with characteristics original accessions. Growing resistant cultivars is an environmentally safe cheap way disease management knowledge diverse resistance genes their combinations can used to identify varieties verify authenticity homogeneity. For this purpose, all 172 core collection (CC) Czech winter barley (Hordeum vulgare) gene bank, originating 35 countries, were studied. tests, 51 reference isolates Blumeria graminis f. sp. Hordei, collected in nonpolar continents over period 63 years representing global virulence/avirulence diversity pathogen, used. Only 25 homogeneous (genetically uniform), whereas 147 heterogeneous due presence different genotypes. In total, 17 found singly combinations; 76.3% identified carried alleles at Mla locus. To purify CC, progenies individual plants must multiplied homogeneity seed should confirmed subsequently studied more advanced methods.

Language: Английский

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Genome-Wide Association Study for Powdery Mildew and Rusts Adult Plant Resistance in European Spring Barley from Polish Gene Bank

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 7 - 7

Published: Dec. 21, 2021

Rusts and powdery mildew are diseases that have a major effect on yield loss in barley. Adult Plant Resistance (APR) is post-seedling resistance mechanism its expression influenced by many factors, including host susceptibility weather conditions, as well the timing severity of disease outbreaks. There two mechanisms associated with APR: non-hypersensitive minor gene APR. In this study, 431 European barley accessions were evaluated phenotypically over 2 years (2018–2019) under field scoring APR to (PM), brown rust (BBR), stem (SR), genotypically using DArTseq. Accessions grouped into sub-collections cultivation period (group A—cultivated prior 1985, B—cultivated after C—Polish landraces) country origin or region. GWAS was conducted for PM, BBR, SR, scored at heading (HA) milky-waxy (MW) seed stages 2019 maximum scores across all replicates obtained 2018–2019. Disease sufficient differentiate collection according time determine SNPs. Overall, analysis identified 73 marker–trait associations (MTAs) these traits. For PM resistance, we five MTAs both HA stage when considering maximal score growth years. One marker (3432490-28-T/C) shared between traits; it located chromosome 4H. BBR six one MTA MW seven MTAs, years, identified. Of 48 markers being SR 12 7H, 1 telomeric region short arm, 7 long arm. Rpg1 has previously been mapped 7HS. The results study will be used create Polish Gene Bank platform precise breeding programs. resistant genotypes serve valuable resource

Language: Английский

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RACE1, a Japanese Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei isolate, is capable of overcoming partially mlo-mediated penetration resistance in barley in an allele-specific manner

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. e0256574 - e0256574

Published: Aug. 23, 2021

Loss-of-function mutation of the MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS O ( Mlo ) gene confers durable and broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew fungi in various plants, including barley. In combination with intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptor NLR genes, which confer race-specific resistance, mlo alleles have long been used barley breeding as genetic resources that robust non-race-specific resistance. However, a Japanese Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei isolate, RACE1, has reported potential overcome partially -mediated penetration although this is yet uncertain because putative effects genes tested accessions not ruled out. study, we examined reproducibility earlier report found infectious ability overcomes only exerted absence recognizing RACE1. Furthermore, using transient-induced silencing technique, demonstrated RACE1 can host cells suppressed MLO expression but plants possessing null mutant allele -5.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9-based generation of mlo mutants for allelic complementation experiments to elucidate MLO function in barley

Journal of General Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 89(3), P. 153 - 158

Published: March 9, 2023

Language: Английский

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Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in Single-Plant Progenies Derived from Accessions of a Winter Barley Core Collection

Plants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 1988 - 1988

Published: Sept. 23, 2021

The main problems of crop gene banks comprise heterogeneity accessions, resulting from mechanical admixtures or out-crossing during their multiplication, and especially the mislabeling accessions. These discrepancies can adversely affect results many expensive research breeding projects that are based on use bank resources. To tackle these problems, 860 single-plant progenies (SPPs) 172 accessions Czech winter barley core collection were grown tested with a set 53 isolates representing global virulence/avirulence diversity powdery mildew. Seventy-one resistance phenotypes encompassed known specific resistances combinations. Based testing groups five SPPs, 94 had one phenotype found in all SPPs (homogeneous accessions), whereas 78 (45.3%) more than was identified (heterogeneous accessions). In three varieties, against whole detected, but due to high adaptability pathogen, they not recommended for resistant cultivars. Selected integrated now reliable source genotypically pure seed defined mildew genes be used by breeders researchers. obtained verify authenticity accession genotype pedigree, particularly older varieties which no other original criteria available.

Language: Английский

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