Specific Resistance of Barley to Powdery Mildew, Its Use and Beyond: A Concise Critical Review

Genes, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 971 - 971

Published: Aug. 21, 2020

Powdery mildew caused by the airborne ascomycete fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) is one of most common diseases barley (Hordeum vulgare). This, as with many other plant pathogens, can be efficiently controlled inexpensive and environmentally-friendly genetic resistance. General requirements for resistance to pathogens are effectiveness durability. Resistance Bgh has been studied intensively, this review describes recent research summarizes specific genes found in varieties since last conspectus. extraordinarily adaptable, some commonly recommended strategies using resistance, including pyramiding genes, may not effective because they only contribute a limited extent obtain sufficient durability widely-grown cultivars. In spring barley, breeding nonspecific mlo gene valuable source durable Pyramiding quantitative or introgressions derived from bulbous bulbosum) promising ways future winter The utilization wide spectrum nonhost resistances also adopted once practical methods have developed.

Language: Английский

---

Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in European Barley Cultivars Registered in the Czech Republic from 2016 to 2020

Genes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 1274 - 1274

Published: July 18, 2022

Barley is an important crop grown annually on about 55 Mha and intensively cultivated in Europe. In central north-western Europe, spring winter barley can be similar environments which creates suitable conditions for the development of pathogens, including Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, causal agent powdery mildew. Apart from pesticide application, it controlled by inexpensive environmentally-friendly genetic resistance. this contribution, results resistance gene identification 58 cultivars to mildew are presented. 56 them their resistances were postulated two hybrid a recently developed method was used. total, 18 known genes found several unknown detected. barley, durable mlo still predominant. MlVe SU Celly only new recorded registered Czech Republic time span. Since 2001 eight specific have been identified country response under field discussed, corresponding responses pathogen population due directional selection. Different strategies breeding recommended.

Language: Английский

---

Improving sustainable crop protection using population genetics concepts

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(10), P. 2461 - 2471

Published: July 30, 2022

Abstract Growing genetically resistant plants allows pathogen populations to be controlled and reduces the use of pesticides. However, pathogens can quickly overcome such resistance. In this context, how we achieve sustainable crop protection? This crucial question has remained largely unanswered despite decades intense debate research effort. study, used a bibliographic analysis show that field resistance durability evolved into three subfields: (1) “plant breeding” (generating new genetic material), (2) “molecular interactions” (exploring molecular dialogue governing plant–pathogen interactions) (3) “epidemiology evolution” (explaining forecasting population dynamics resulting from selection pressure[s] exerted by plants). We argue triple split impedes integrated progress ultimately compromises management After identifying gap among subfields, theoretical framework genetics could bridge gap. Indeed, formally explains evolution all heritable traits, changes tracked along with variation in dynamics. provides an view adaptation, particular via evolutionary–epidemiological feedbacks. Opinion Note, detail examples illustrating better inform best practices for developing managing cultivars.

Language: Английский

---

Postulation of Specific Disease Resistance Genes in Cereals: A Widely Used Method and Its Detailed Description

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 284 - 284

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

Cultivation of resistant varieties is an environmentally friendly and inexpensive method crop protection. Numerous alleles specific disease resistance occur in cereals other crops, knowledge their presence individual has wide utilization research practice. Postulation based on phenotyping host-pathogen interactions the gene-for-gene model a common way identifying these genes. The same technique design tests are used for postulating virulence when pathogen populations studied. Powdery mildews caused by different formae speciales Blumeria graminis (Bg) important cereal diseases. In this contribution, experimental methods described that use organism Bg f. sp. hordei, which can be employed possibly rusts. It includes illustrations summary our long-term practical experience. also critically evaluates benefits leaf segment compared with screening whole plants.

Language: Английский

---

Genotype Heterogeneity in Accessions of a Winter Barley Core Collection Assessed on Postulated Specific Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 513 - 513

Published: March 10, 2021

Gene bank accessions are necessary for implementing many research and breeding projects. However, a great number of contaminated or confused. If such used, the results obtained from these projects inaccurate non-reproducible. There methods that allow almost perfect genotype identification; nevertheless, they relatively recent cannot be compared with characteristics original accessions. Growing resistant cultivars is an environmentally safe cheap way disease management knowledge diverse resistance genes their combinations can used to identify varieties verify authenticity homogeneity. For this purpose, all 172 core collection (CC) Czech winter barley (Hordeum vulgare) gene bank, originating 35 countries, were studied. tests, 51 reference isolates Blumeria graminis f. sp. Hordei, collected in nonpolar continents over period 63 years representing global virulence/avirulence diversity pathogen, used. Only 25 homogeneous (genetically uniform), whereas 147 heterogeneous due presence different genotypes. In total, 17 found singly combinations; 76.3% identified carried alleles at Mla locus. To purify CC, progenies individual plants must multiplied homogeneity seed should confirmed subsequently studied more advanced methods.

Language: Английский

---

Genome-Wide Association Study for Powdery Mildew and Rusts Adult Plant Resistance in European Spring Barley from Polish Gene Bank

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 7 - 7

Published: Dec. 21, 2021

Rusts and powdery mildew are diseases that have a major effect on yield loss in barley. Adult Plant Resistance (APR) is post-seedling resistance mechanism its expression influenced by many factors, including host susceptibility weather conditions, as well the timing severity of disease outbreaks. There two mechanisms associated with APR: non-hypersensitive minor gene APR. In this study, 431 European barley accessions were evaluated phenotypically over 2 years (2018–2019) under field scoring APR to (PM), brown rust (BBR), stem (SR), genotypically using DArTseq. Accessions grouped into sub-collections cultivation period (group A—cultivated prior 1985, B—cultivated after C—Polish landraces) country origin or region. GWAS was conducted for PM, BBR, SR, scored at heading (HA) milky-waxy (MW) seed stages 2019 maximum scores across all replicates obtained 2018–2019. Disease sufficient differentiate collection according time determine SNPs. Overall, analysis identified 73 marker–trait associations (MTAs) these traits. For PM resistance, we five MTAs both HA stage when considering maximal score growth years. One marker (3432490-28-T/C) shared between traits; it located chromosome 4H. BBR six one MTA MW seven MTAs, years, identified. Of 48 markers being SR 12 7H, 1 telomeric region short arm, 7 long arm. Rpg1 has previously been mapped 7HS. The results study will be used create Polish Gene Bank platform precise breeding programs. resistant genotypes serve valuable resource

Language: Английский

---

Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in Single-Plant Progenies Derived from Accessions of a Winter Barley Core Collection

Plants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 1988 - 1988

Published: Sept. 23, 2021

The main problems of crop gene banks comprise heterogeneity accessions, resulting from mechanical admixtures or out-crossing during their multiplication, and especially the mislabeling accessions. These discrepancies can adversely affect results many expensive research breeding projects that are based on use bank resources. To tackle these problems, 860 single-plant progenies (SPPs) 172 accessions Czech winter barley core collection were grown tested with a set 53 isolates representing global virulence/avirulence diversity powdery mildew. Seventy-one resistance phenotypes encompassed known specific resistances combinations. Based testing groups five SPPs, 94 had one phenotype found in all SPPs (homogeneous accessions), whereas 78 (45.3%) more than was identified (heterogeneous accessions). In three varieties, against whole detected, but due to high adaptability pathogen, they not recommended for resistant cultivars. Selected integrated now reliable source genotypically pure seed defined mildew genes be used by breeders researchers. obtained verify authenticity accession genotype pedigree, particularly older varieties which no other original criteria available.

Language: Английский

---

High resolution mapping of a novel non-transgressive hybrid susceptibility locus in barley exploited by P. teres f. maculata

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: June 29, 2024

Abstract Hybrid genotypes can provide significant yield gains over conventional inbred varieties due to heterosis or hybrid vigor. However, hybrids also display unintended negative attributes phenotypes such as extreme pathogen susceptibility. The necrotrophic Pyrenophora teres f. maculata ( Ptm ) causes spot form net blotch, which has caused losses barley worldwide. Here, we report on a non-transgressive susceptibility locus in identified between the three parental lines CI5791, Tifang and Golden Promise that are resistant isolate 13IM.3. F 2 progeny from CI5791 × crosses exhibited susceptible phenotype segregated ratio of 1 resistant:1 representing genetic segregation (res):2 heterozygous (sus):1 (res) suggesting single locus. Genetic mapping using total 715 individuals (1430 recombinant gametes) 149 targeted SNPs delimited designated Susceptibility Spt2 an ~ 198 kb region chromosome 5H Morex V3 reference assembly. This was independently mapped with 83 (166 180 genome wide colocalized same sequenced PacBio Continuous Long Read technology comparative analysis publicly available assembly determined contained high confidence candidate gene predicted encode pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein.

Language: Английский

---

Barley Breeding

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

The importance of barley stemmed mainly from the diversified use its grain and plant pertaining to food, feed forage. In many countries around world, this crop is often considered only possible rain-fed cereal under low input stressful environments, such as drought, heat cold. Therefore, old likely have new future in current situations climate change ever-increasing population pressure on food supply. During early 1920s, improvement program was started India using pure line selection method. Most developed varieties are six-row types primarily used for purpose, while two-row malt-purpose recent origin. Globally, programmes now see a great potential industrial crop, breeding activities were directed develop malt-type varieties. Besides conventional breeding, development fields genomics rapid, researchers having more choice identify, characterize, clone, annotate edit genes interests better

Language: Английский

---

Powdery Mildew Resistance Phenotypes of Wheat Gene Bank Accessions

Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. 846 - 846

Published: Aug. 30, 2021

Powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) is a common pathogen of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and genetic resistance an effective environmentally friendly method to reduce its adverse impact. The introgression novel genes from progenitors related species can increase the diversity disease accumulation minor improve crop’s durability. To accomplish these two actions, host genotypes without major resistances should be preferably used. Therefore, main aim this study was carry out seedling tests detect such in set accessions Czech gene bank group cultivars according their phenotype. Ear progenies 448 selected originating 33 countries were inoculated with three isolates pathogen. Twenty-eight heterogeneous, 110 showed at least one isolate. Fifty-nine cultivars, mostly Northwest Europe, resistant all more than times frequently recorded spring winter cultivars. Results will facilitate rational practical approach using for both mentioned methods breeding powdery mildew.

Language: Английский

---