Innate immunity: the first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 165 - 176

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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BNT162b2 Vaccine Booster and Mortality Due to Covid-19

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 385(26), P. 2413 - 2420

Published: Dec. 8, 2021

The emergence of the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and reduced effectiveness over time BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) led to a resurgence disease 2019 (Covid-19) cases in populations that had been vaccinated early. On July 30, 2021, Israeli Ministry Health approved use third dose (booster) cope with this resurgence. Evidence regarding booster lowering mortality due Covid-19 is still needed.We obtained data for all members Clalit Services who were 50 years age or older at start study received two doses least 5 months earlier. among participants during period (booster group) was compared did not receive (nonbooster group). A Cox proportional-hazards regression model time-dependent covariates used estimate association status death Covid-19, adjustment sociodemographic factors coexisting conditions.A total 843,208 met eligibility criteria, whom 758,118 (90%) 54-day period. Death occurred 65 group (0.16 per 100,000 persons day) 137 nonbooster (2.98 day). adjusted hazard ratio group, as 0.10 (95% confidence interval, 0.07 0.14; P<0.001).Participants after second 90% lower than booster.

Language: Английский

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Children develop robust and sustained cross-reactive spike-specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 40 - 49

Published: Dec. 22, 2021

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 infection is generally mild or asymptomatic in children but a biological basis for this outcome unclear. Here we compare antibody and cellular immunity (aged 3–11 years) adults. Antibody responses against spike protein were high seroconversion boosted seasonal Beta-coronaviruses through cross-recognition of the S2 domain. Neutralization viral variants was comparable between Spike-specific T cell more than twice as also detected many seronegative children, indicating pre-existing cross-reactive to coronaviruses. Importantly, retained 6 months after infection, whereas relative waning occurred broadly stable beyond 12 months. Therefore, generate robust, sustained immune with focused specificity protein. These findings provide insight into clinical protection that occurs most might help guide design pediatric vaccination regimens.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Associated Factors in Japan

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 662 - 662

Published: June 17, 2021

The vaccine confidence index in Japan is one of the lowest worldwide. This study aimed to examine proportion COVID-19 hesitancy Japanese population using a larger sample and more robust statistical methods than previously, identify factors associated with hesitancy. We conducted nationwide, cross-sectional Internet survey on 8–26 February 2021, calculated odds ratios for Among 23,142 responses analyzed, was 11.3% (10.9–11.7%). higher among younger respondents female respondents, especially (15.6%) compared older male (4.8%). most cited reason not getting vaccinated concerns about adverse reactions 70% respondents. comparable that previous studies overseas, double Factors were sex, living alone, low socioeconomic status, presence severe psychological distress, Thus, adequate measures should be taken ensure vaccines are delivered people these factors.

Language: Английский

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Association of Obesity With COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: An Updated Systemic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: June 3, 2022

Background Obesity affects the course of critical illnesses. We aimed to estimate association obesity with severity and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Data Sources A systematic search was conducted from inception COVID-19 pandemic through 13 October 2021, on databases including Medline (PubMed), Embase, Science Web, Cochrane Central Controlled Trials Registry. Preprint servers such as BioRxiv, MedRxiv, ChemRxiv, SSRN were also scanned. Study Selection Extraction Full-length articles focusing outcome patients included. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analysis guidelines used study selection data extraction. Our Population interest positive patients, is our Intervention/Exposure point, Comparators are Non-obese vs obese The chief confirmed hospitalized terms admission intensive care unit (ICU) or requirement invasive mechanical ventilation/intubation obesity. All-cause secondary study. Results In total, 3,140,413 167 studies included associated an increased risk severe (RR=1.52, 95% CI 1.41-1.63, p&lt;0.001, I 2 = 97%). Similarly, high observed (RR=1.09, 1.02-1.16, p=0.006, multivariate meta-regression severity, covariate female gender, pulmonary disease, diabetes, older age, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension found be significant explained R 40% between-study heterogeneity severity. aforementioned covariates well, these collectively 50% variability mortality. Conclusions findings suggest that significantly higher among Therefore, inclusion its surrogate body mass index prognostic scores improvement patient management recommended.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of a second BNT162b2 booster vaccine against hospitalization and death from COVID-19 in adults aged over 60 years

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(7), P. 1486 - 1490

Published: April 25, 2022

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Vaccine after Recovery from Covid-19

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 386(13), P. 1221 - 1229

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

The risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) decreases substantially among patients who have recovered from disease 2019 (Covid-19). However, it is unknown how long protective immunity lasts. Current guidelines recommend vaccination even though data regarding vaccine effectiveness in such cases are still limited.

Language: Английский

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Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Long COVID: The SARS-CoV-2 Viral Superantigen Hypothesis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 7, 2022

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a febrile pediatric disease that may develop weeks after initial SARS-CoV-2 infection or exposure. MIS-C involves systemic hyperinflammation and multiorgan involvement, including severe cardiovascular, gastrointestinal (GI) neurological symptoms. Some clinical attributes of MIS-C—such as persistent fever, rashes, conjunctivitis oral mucosa changes (red fissured lips strawberry tongue)—overlap with features Kawasaki (KD). In addition, shares striking similarities toxic shock (TSS), which triggered by bacterial superantigens (SAgs). The remarkable between TSS prompted search for SAg-like structures the virus discovery unique motif highly similar to Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) fragment spike 1 (S1) glycoprotein. Computational studies suggest has high affinity binding T-cell receptors (TCRs) MHC Class II proteins. Immunosequencing peripheral blood samples from patients revealed profound expansion TCR β variable gene 11-2 (TRBV11-2), correlates severity serum cytokine levels, consistent SAg-triggered immune response. sequence analysis further identified conserved neurotoxin-like motifs alter neuronal cell function contribute symptoms COVID-19 patients. Additionally, autoantibodies are detected during MIS-C, indicate development post-SARS-CoV-2 autoreactive autoimmune responses. Finally, prolonged persistence RNA gut, increased gut permeability elevated levels circulating S1 have been observed MIS-C. Accordingly, we hypothesize continuous exposure viral promote autoimmunity leading post-acute syndromes, long COVID, well complications resulting infection.

Language: Английский

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Safety and immunogenicity of a high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine administered concomitantly with a third dose of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in adults aged ≥65 years: a phase 2, randomised, open-label study

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 392 - 402

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Prognostic factors for mortality, intensive care unit and hospital admission due to SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies in Europe

European Respiratory Review, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(166), P. 220098 - 220098

Published: Nov. 2, 2022

As mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is strongly age-dependent, we aimed to identify population subgroups at an elevated risk for adverse outcomes COVID-19 using age-/gender-adjusted data European cohort studies with the aim populations that could potentially benefit booster vaccinations.

Language: Английский

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