Intestinal mucus: the unsung hero in the battle against viral gastroenteritis

Gut Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Intestinal mucus plays a crucial role in defending against enteric infections by protecting the vulnerable intestinal epithelial cells both physically and through its various constituents. Despite this, numerous gastroenteritis-causing viruses, such as rotavirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, calicivirus, enterovirus, continue to pose significant threats humans animals. While several studies have examined interactions between these viruses mucus, gaps remain understanding full protective potential of pathogens. This review aims elucidate viral gastroenteritis. It begins with comprehensive literature overview (i) (ii) medical veterinary importance, (iii) known mucus. Following case study is presented highlight age-dependent blocking effect porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus, coronavirus. Finally, discusses future investigation directions further explore defense mechanism stimulate research this dynamic critical area.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Effects of C. elegans Protective Natural Microbiota on Host Physiology

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 14, 2022

The Caenorhabditis elegans natural microbiota was described only recently. Thus, our understanding of its effects on nematode physiology is still in infancy. We previously showed that the C. isolates Pseudomonas lurida MYb11 and P. fluorescens MYb115 protect worm against pathogens such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). However, overall protective are incompletely understood. Here, we investigated how affect lifespan, fertility, intestinal colonization. further studied capacity to purified Bt toxins. show while reproductive timing increase early reproduction reduces lifespan. Moreover, aggravates killing upon toxin exposure. conclude has a pathogenic potential some contexts. This work thus highlights certain members can be beneficial costly host context-dependent manner, blurring line between good bad.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome function predicts amphibian chytridiomycosis disease dynamics

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 10, 2022

Abstract Background The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd ) threatens amphibian biodiversity and ecosystem stability worldwide. Amphibian skin microbial community structure has been linked to the clinical outcome of infections, yet its overall functional importance is poorly understood. Methods Microbiome taxonomic profiles were assessed using high-throughput bacterial 16S rRNA ITS2 gene sequencing, shotgun metagenomics mucosal metabolomics. We sampled 56 wild midwife toads Alytes obstetricans from montane populations exhibiting epizootic or enzootic disease dynamics. In addition, assess whether disease-specific microbiome microbe-mediated protection -induced perturbation, we performed a laboratory challenge experiment whereby 40 young adult A. exposed control sham infection. measured temporal changes in as well -exposed animals at peak Results function differed based on infection history experimental versus Bd- animals. exposure resulted dynamic differences, with clearance all but one infected animal. Sphingobacterium , Stenotrophomonas an unclassified Commamonadaceae associated dynamics also had reduced abundance that cleared infection, indicating negative association resistance. This was further supported by microbe-metabolite integration which identified functionally relevant taxa driving outcome, most influential strong correlation between composition metabolome field inconsistent redundancy, differences taxonomy drive variation. Shotgun metagenomic analyses support these findings, similar disease-associated patterns beta diversity. Analysis differentially abundant genes pathways indicated environmental sensing resource competition are likely be important outcomes. Conclusions drives altered across environments. Our application multi-omics settings robustly predicts identifies novel candidate biomarkers

Language: Английский

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Microcins reveal natural mechanisms of bacterial manipulation to inform therapeutic development

Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 168(4)

Published: April 8, 2022

Microcins are an understudied and poorly characterized class of antimicrobial peptides. Despite the existence only 15 examples, all identified from Enterobacteriaceae, microcins display diversity in sequence, structure, target cell uptake, cytotoxic mechanism action specificity. Collectively, these features describe some unique means nature has contrived for molecules to cross 'impermeable' barrier Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane inflict effects. appear be widely dispersed among different species environments, where they function regulating microbial communities diverse ways, including through competition. Growing evidence suggests that may adapted therapeutic uses such as drugs, microbiome modulators or facilitators peptide uptake into cells. Advancing our biological, ecological biochemical understanding roles interactions, learning how regulate modify microcin activity, is essential enable applications.

Language: Английский

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Functional interplay between antagonistic bacteria and Rhizoctonia solani in the tomato plant rhizosphere

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 26, 2022

Microbial interactions with plant roots play an imperial role in tomato growth and defense against the Rhizoctonia solani. This study performed a field experiment two antagonistic bacteria (Pseudomonas Bacillus) inoculated healthy solani treated soil rhizosphere to understand metabolic pattern microbial function during disease suppression. In present study, we assessed enzymes, bacterial fungal cell forming unit (CFU), carbon utilization profiling through Bio-Eco plates of rhizoplane samples. Antagonist pathogen interaction significantly (p < 0.05) influenced count, enzymes (chitinase glucanase), (siderophore chitinase production). These results indicated that these variables had suppression development. Furthermore, showed source enhanced under fruit development ripening stages. suggested sources were essential plant/pathogen/antagonist interaction. Substrates like β-methyl-D-glucoside, D-mannitol, D-galacturonic acid, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, phenylethylamine strongly connect suppuration root rot disease. may help propagate community reduce invasion system, can be stimulators antagonists pathogens future.

Language: Английский

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Trichinella spiralis -induced immunomodulation signatures on gut microbiota and metabolic pathways in mice

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. e1011893 - e1011893

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

The hygiene hypothesis proposes that decreased exposure to infectious agents in developed countries may contribute the development of allergic and autoimmune diseases. Trichinella spiralis, a parasitic roundworm, causes trichinellosis, also known as trichinosis, humans. T. spiralis had many hosts, almost any mammal could become infected. Adult worms lived small intestine, while larvae muscle cells same mammal. was significant public health threat because it cause severe illness even death humans who eat undercooked or raw meat containing parasite. complex interactions between gastrointestinal helminths, gut microbiota, host immune system present challenge for researchers. Two groups mice were infected with vs uninfected control, experiment conducted over 60 days. 16S rRNA gene sequences untargeted LC/MS-based metabolomics fecal serum samples, respectively, from different stages spiralis-mouse model, examined this study. Gut microbiota alterations metabolic activity accompanied by parasite-induced immunomodulation detected. inflammation parameters duodenum (villus/crypt ratio, goblet cell number size, histological score) involved active oxidative metabolite profiles. These profiles included increased biosynthesis phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan decreasing cholesterol metabolism primary secondary bile acid biosynthesis. disrupted metabolisms adapted infection stress during enteral parenteral phases then return homeostasis encapsulated phase. There shift an abundance Bacteroides phase probiotic Lactobacillus Treg-associated-Clostridia Th2 response (IL-4/IL-5/IL-13), lamina propria Treg, hyporesponsiveness pathways (decreased tropane, piperidine pyridine alkaloid alkaloids derived ornithine, lysine, nicotinic acid) all altered. findings enhanced our understanding -infected mice, which be driving force parasite-shaping maintenance.

Language: Английский

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Peptides from non-immune proteins target infections through antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties

Trends in biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Encrypted peptides (EPs) have been recently described as a new class of antimicrobial molecules. They found in numerous organisms and proposed to role host immunity alternatives conventional antibiotics. Intriguingly, many these EPs are embedded proteins unrelated the immune system, suggesting that immunological responses extend beyond traditional proteins. To test this idea, we synthesized analyzed representative derived from non-immune human for their ability exert immunomodulatory properties. Most tested proteins, structural well nervous visual systems, displayed potent vitro activity. These molecules killed bacterial pathogens by targeting membrane, those originating same region body exhibited synergistic effects when combined. Beyond properties, nearly 90% effects, modulating inflammatory mediators, such interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Moreover, eight identified, collagenin-3 4, zipperin-1 2, immunosin-2, 3, 12, 13, anti-infective efficacy two different preclinical mouse models, reducing infections up four orders magnitude. Altogether, our results support hypothesis may immunity. potentially expand notion system include previously unrecognized be activated upon infection confer protection host.

Language: Английский

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Manipulation of the seagrass‐associated microbiome reduces disease severity

Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(2)

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Abstract Host‐associated microbes influence host health and function can be a first line of defence against infections. While research increasingly shows that terrestrial plant microbiomes contribute to bacterial, fungal, oomycete disease resistance, no comparable experimental work has investigated marine or more diverse agents. We test the hypothesis eelgrass ( Zostera marina ) leaf microbiome increases resistance seagrass wasting disease. From field with paired diseased asymptomatic tissue, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed bacterial composition richness varied markedly between tissue in one two years. This suggests on microbial communities may vary environmental conditions. next experimentally reduced antibiotics bleach, then inoculated plants Labyrinthula zosterae , causative agent detected significantly higher severity native than an microbiome. Our results over multiple experiments do not support protective role L. . Further studies these host–microbe–pathogen relationships continue show new diseases.

Language: Английский

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One stone two birds: Endophytes alleviating trace elements accumulation and suppressing soilborne pathogen by stimulating plant growth, photosynthetic potential and defense related gene expression

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 476, P. 135084 - 135084

Published: July 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Look Who’s Talking: Host and Pathogen Drivers of Staphylococcus epidermidis Virulence in Neonatal Sepsis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 860 - 860

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Preterm infants are at increased risk for invasive neonatal bacterial infections. S. epidermidis, a ubiquitous skin commensal, is major cause of late-onset sepsis, particularly in high-resource settings. The vulnerability preterm to serious infections commonly attributed their distinct and developing immune system. While developmentally immature defences play large role facilitating invasion, this fails explain why only subset develop with low-virulence organisms when exposed similar factors the ICU. Experimental research has explored potential virulence mechanisms contributing pathogenic shift commensal epidermidis strains. Furthermore, comparative genomics studies have yielded insights into emergence spread nosocomial strains, genetic functional characteristics implicated disease neonates. These highlighted multifactorial nature traits relating pathogenicity commensalism. In review, we discuss known host pathogen drivers sepsis provide future perspectives close gap our understanding as morbidity mortality.

Language: Английский

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