Thermal and pigment characterization of environmental fungi in the urban heat island of Baltimore City DOI Creative Commons
Daniel F. Q. Smith, Madhura Kulkarni,

Alexa Bencomo

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 10, 2023

Abstract A major barrier for most fungal species to infect humans is their inability grow at body temperature (37°C). Global warming and more frequent extreme heat events may impose selection pressures that allow adaptation higher temperatures. Cities are islands up 8°C warmer than suburban counterparts because of mechanical production reduced greenspace, among other factors, be an important reservoir fungi have increased risk thermotolerance inhabit environments near humans. Here we describe a novel inexpensive technique was developed collect samples from various sites in Baltimore, Maryland using commercially available taffy candy. Our results show isolates neighborhoods greater lighter pigmentation relative the same cooler neighborhoods, suggesting local adaptation. Lighter areas consistent with known mechanisms pigment regulation modulate cell temperature. The opportunistic pathogen Rhodotorula mucilaginosa had resistance gradual exposure those neighborhoods. imply urban environment. acquisition poses if pathogenic potential acquire capacity human temperatures cause disease.

Language: Английский

Invasive candidiasis DOI
Cornelia Lass‐Flörl, Souha S. Kanj, Nelesh P. Govender

et al.

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 21, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

69
Impact of climate change and natural disasters on fungal infections DOI Creative Commons
Danila Seidel, Sebastian Wurster, Jeffrey D. Jenks

et al.

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(6), P. e594 - e605

Published: March 19, 2024

The effects of climate change and natural disasters on fungal pathogens the risks for diseases remain incompletely understood. In this literature review, we examined how fungi are adapting to an increase in Earth's temperature becoming more thermotolerant, which is enhancing fitness virulence. Climate creating conditions conducive emergence new priming adapt previously inhospitable environments, such as polluted habitats urban areas, leading geographical spread some traditionally non-endemic areas. also contributing increases frequency severity disasters, can trigger outbreaks pathogens. populations mostly affected socially vulnerable. More awareness, research, funding, policies part key stakeholders needed mitigate disaster-related diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

60
Fungal Endocarditis: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management DOI
George R. Thompson, Jeffrey D. Jenks, John W. Baddley

et al.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(3)

Published: July 13, 2023

Fungal endocarditis accounts for 1% to 3% of all infective cases, is associated with high morbidity and mortality (>70%), presents numerous challenges during clinical care. Candida spp. are the most common causes fungal endocarditis, implicated in over 50% followed by Aspergillus Histoplasma Important risk factors include prosthetic valves, prior heart surgery, injection drug use.

Language: Английский

Citations

44
Novel antifungals and treatment approaches to tackle resistance and improve outcomes of invasive fungal disease DOI
Martin Hoenigl, Amir Arastehfar, Maiken Cavling Arendrup

et al.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(2)

Published: April 11, 2024

SUMMARYFungal infections are on the rise, driven by a growing population at risk and climate change. Currently available antifungals include only five classes, their utility efficacy in antifungal treatment limited one or more of innate acquired resistance some fungi, poor penetration into "sequestered" sites, agent-specific side effect which require frequent patient reassessment monitoring. Agents with novel mechanisms, favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles including good oral bioavailability, fungicidal mechanism(s) urgently needed. Here, we provide comprehensive review agents, both improved known mechanisms actions new currently clinical development for treating invasive yeast, mold (filamentous fungi),

Language: Английский

Citations

34
Social determinants of health as drivers of fungal disease DOI Creative Commons
Jeffrey D. Jenks, Juergen Prattes, Sebastian Wurster

et al.

EClinicalMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 66, P. 102325 - 102325

Published: Nov. 18, 2023

Disparities in social determinants of health (SDOH) play a significant role causing inequities globally. The physical environment, including housing and workplace can increase the prevalence spread fungal infections. A number professions are associated with increased infection risk low pay, which may be linked to crowded sub-optimal living conditions, exposure organisms, lack access quality care, for infection. Those involved displaced from areas armed conflict have an invasive Lastly, plant pathogens already threaten food security, will become more problematic global climate change. Taken together, disparities SDOH contracting More emphasis needs placed on systematic approaches better understand impact reducing these disparities.

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis DOI Creative Commons
Derek J. Bays, Emily N Jenkins, Meghan Lyman

et al.

Clinical Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 16, P. 549 - 566

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Invasive candidiasis (IC) is an increasingly prevalent, costly, and potentially fatal infection brought on by the opportunistic yeast,

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Fungal coexistence in the skin mycobiome: a study involving Malassezia, Candida, and Rhodotorula DOI Creative Commons

Bharati Naik,

Jayaprakash Sasikumar,

B Vishal

et al.

AMB Express, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Abstract Evidence of fungal coexistence in humans points towards adaptation to the host environment, like skin. The human commensal Malassezia has evolved, especially residing sebum-rich areas mammalian body where it can get necessary nutrition for its survival. This fungus is primarily responsible skin diseases Pityriasis versicolor (PV), characterized by hypo or hyperpigmented discoloration and erythematous macules. In this manuscript, we report a 19-year-old healthy female who presented with one-year history reddish, hypopigmented, asymptomatic lesions over chest raised lesion face. Upon clinical observation, patient displayed multiple macules papules bilateral malar area face, along hypopigmented scaly present on back. Based above findings, diagnosis PV Acne vulgaris (AV) was made. Interestingly, immunocompetent didn’t have any comorbidities. isolation scrapings post-culturing, found existence three genera same region patient’s body. We further went confirm identity particular species represent Malassezia, Rhodotorula , Candida . how predominant microbial resident fungus, coexists other members mycobiome. study an applied aspect microbiology also shows important identify organism associated infections so that appropriate therapeutics be advised avoid cases relapse.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Multilocus sequence typing of Candida albicans oral isolates reveals high genetic relatedness of mother-child dyads in early life DOI Creative Commons
Naemah Alkhars, Nisreen Al Jallad, Tong Wu

et al.

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. e0290938 - e0290938

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Candida albicans is a pathogenic fungus recently recognized for its role in severe early childhood caries development (S-ECC). C . oral colonization begins at birth, but the extent of mother’s involvement yeast transmission to their children unclear, therefore, this study used prospective mother-infant cohort investigate maternal contribution life. Oral samples were collected from 160 mother-child dyads during pregnancy and birth two years We whole-genome sequencing obtain genetic information isolates examined relatedness between mothers using Multilocus Sequence Typing. Multivariate statistical methods identify factors associated with albicans’ acquisition (horizontal vertical transmissions). Overall, 227 obtained 93 (58.1%) pairs. eBURST analysis revealed 16 clonal complexes, UPGMA identified 6 clades, clade 1 being most populated 124 (54.6%). Significantly, 94% had highly genetically related strains, highlighting strong influence on children’s acquisition. Although such as race, ethnicity, delivery method, feeding behaviors did not show significant association transmission, hygiene status reflected by plaque index (PI) emerged factor; Mothers higher dental accumulation (PI >=2) significantly increased risk vertically transmitting infants [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 8.02 (1.21, 53.24), p=0.03]. Furthermore, Black those who attended daycare an elevated acquiring through horizontal (p <0.01). These findings highlight substantial Incorporating screening fungal carriage implementing health education programs perinatal stage may prove valuable preventing infancy.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Salvage Treatment for Invasive Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis: Challenges, Recommendations and Future Considerations DOI Creative Commons
Matthias Egger, Romuald Bellmann, Robert Krause

et al.

Infection and Drug Resistance, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 16, P. 2167 - 2178

Published: April 1, 2023

Invasive mold diseases are devastating systemic infections which demand meticulous care in selection, dosing, and therapy monitoring of antifungal drugs. Various circumstances regarding PK/PD properties the applied drug, resistance/tolerance causative pathogen or host intolerability can lead to failure initial therapy. This necessitates treatment adaption sense switching drug class potentially adding another for a combination approach. In current state drastically limited options classes remains challenging. Current guidelines provide restricted recommendations only emphasize individual approaches. However, novel antifungals, incorporating innovative mechanisms action, show promising results late stage clinical development. These will expand salvage future as monotherapy with conventional other antifungals. We outline including considerations well elucidate possible invasive aspergillosis mucormycosis.

Language: Английский

Citations

16
“Make Sure You Wash Your Monkey”: Multigenerational Vaginal Hygiene Messages from Black Women DOI
Shemeka Thorpe,

Kasey Vigil,

Praise Iyiewuare

et al.

Health Communication, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 13

Published: April 1, 2024

In the United States, messages Black women receive about vaginal hygiene are often rooted in misogynoir. As a result, across multiple generations may engage extensive practices that harmful to their health as means of decreasing potential for dehumanization or confirming racist stereotypes. The purpose current qualitative study is explore four (n = 12) received genital and grooming sociocultural factors influence these messages. Reflexive thematic analysis was used analyze semi-structured interview data. following themes were identified: (1) culture silence, (2) knowledge acquisition, (3) pressure maintain cleanliness standards, (4) gendered messaging. Subthemes emerged within acquisition theme, including learning through word-of-mouth, observation, deduction, trial error, direct Overall, subthemes consistent generations; however, some differences discussed. Participants highlighted importance intergenerational conversations promoting safe practices. Recommendations sexuality educators healthcare professionals

Language: Английский

Citations

4