Zinc-finger (ZiF) fold secreted effectors form a functionally diverse family across lineages of the blast fungusMagnaporthe oryzae DOI Creative Commons
Juan Carlos De la Concepción, Thorsten Langner, Koki Fujisaki

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

Abstract Filamentous plant pathogens deliver effector proteins into host cells to suppress defence responses and manipulate metabolic processes support colonization. Understanding the evolution molecular function of these effectors provides knowledge about pathogenesis can suggest novel strategies reduce damage caused by pathogens. However, are highly variable, share weak sequence similarity and, although they be grouped according their structure, only a few structurally conserved families have been functionally characterized date. Here, we demonstrate that Zinc-finger fold (ZiF) secreted form diverse family in blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae . This relies on motif for protein stability is ubiquitously present, forming different tribes lineages infecting 13 species. Homologs canonical ZiF effector, AVR-Pii from rice isolates, present multiple M. lineages, wheat strains fungus, example, possess an allele also binds Exo70 activates immune receptor Pii. Furthermore, vary bind, indicating functional diversification intricate effector/host interactome. Altogether, uncovered new with common has diversified work expands our understanding diversity effectors, basis may ultimately facilitate development sources pathogen resistance. Author Summary Diseases filamentous impact global food production, leading severe economic humanitarian consequences. These secrete hundreds inside alter cellular promote infection disease. Effector or no but structural based folds. very characterized. We identified shared can, collectively, infect grasses. binding sub-set putative targets showed recognized system. show other do not bind targets, suggesting specialization within this alternative interactors. findings shed light functions, as well potentially disease resistance future.

Language: Английский

Pyricularia oryzae: Lab star and field scourge DOI Creative Commons
Maël Baudin, Marie Le Naour‐‐Vernet, Pierre Gladieux

et al.

Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe ), is a filamentous ascomycete that causes major disease called blast on cereal crops, as well wide variety of wild and cultivated grasses. Blast diseases have tremendous impact worldwide particularly rice wheat, where the emerged in South America 1980s, before spreading to Asia Africa. Its economic importance, coupled with its amenability molecular genetic manipulation, inspired extensive research efforts aiming at understanding biology evolution. In past 40 years, this plant‐pathogenic fungus has model plant–microbe interactions. review, we focus clarification taxonomy structure species host range determinants. We also discuss recent studies deciphering lifecycle. Taxonomy Kingdom: Fungi , phylum: Ascomycota sub‐phylum: Pezizomycotina class: Sordariomycetes order: Magnaporthales family: Pyriculariaceae genus: Pyricularia. Host P. ability infect Poaceae . It structured into different host‐specialized lineages are each associated few plant genera. The best known cause damage but it can attack other economically important crops such maize, barley, finger millet. Disease symptoms necrotic lesions or bleaching all aerial parts plants, including leaf blades, sheaths, inflorescences (panicles, spikes, seeds). Characteristic leaves diamond‐shaped silver often brown margin whose appearance influenced by numerous factors genotype environmental conditions. USEFUL WEBSITES Resources URL Genomic data repositories http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/gemo/ http://openriceblast.org/ http://openwheatblast.net/ Genome browser for fungi (including ) http://fungi.ensembl.org/index.html Comparative genomics database https://mycocosm.jgi.doe.gov/mycocosm/home T‐DNA mutant http://atmt.snu.kr/ http://www.phi‐base.org/ SNP expression https://fungidb.org/fungidb/app/

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Bioengineering a plant NLR immune receptor with a robust binding interface toward a conserved fungal pathogen effector DOI Creative Commons
Rafał Zdrzałek, Yuxuan Xi, Thorsten Langner

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(28)

Published: July 5, 2024

Bioengineering of plant immune receptors has emerged as a key strategy for generating novel disease resistance traits to counteract the expanding threat pathogens global food security. However, current approaches are limited by rapid evolution in field and may lack durability when deployed. Here, we show that rice nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor Pik-1 can be engineered respond conserved family effectors from multihost blast fungus pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae . We switched effector binding response profile Pik NLR its cognate AVR-Pik host-determining factor pathogenicity toward weeping lovegrass 2 (Pwl2) installing putative host target, OsHIPP43, place native integrated heavy metal–associated domain (generating Pikm-1 OsHIPP43 ). This chimeric also responded other PWL alleles diverse isolates. The crystal structure Pwl2/OsHIPP43 complex revealed multifaceted, robust interface cannot easily disrupted mutagenesis, therefore provide durable, broad isolates carrying field. Our findings highlight how targets used bioengineer recognition specificities have more properties compared naturally evolved genes.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
The unconventional resistance protein PTR recognizes the Magnaporthe oryzae effector AVR-Pita in an allele-specific manner DOI
Gui Xiao,

Nutthalak Laksanavilat,

Stella Césari

et al.

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 994 - 1004

Published: June 4, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

12
The structural landscape and diversity of Pyricularia oryzae MAX effectors revisited DOI Creative Commons
Mounia Lahfa, Philippe Barthe, Karine de Guillen

et al.

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. e1012176 - e1012176

Published: May 6, 2024

Magnaporthe AVRs and ToxB-like (MAX) effectors constitute a family of secreted virulence proteins in the fungus Pyricularia oryzae (syn . oryzae) , which causes blast disease on numerous cereals grasses. In spite high sequence divergence, MAX share common fold characterized by ß-sandwich core stabilized conserved disulfide bond. this study, we investigated structural landscape diversity within effector repertoire P Combining experimental protein structure determination silico modeling validated presence domain 77 out 94 groups orthologs (OG) identified previous population genomic study. Four novel structures determined NMR were remarkably good agreement with AlphaFold2 (AF2) predictions. Based comparison AF2-generated 3D models propose classification superfamily 20 that vary canonical fold, bond patterns, additional secondary N- C-terminal extensions. About one-third members remain singletons, without strong relationship to other effectors. Analysis surface properties AF2 also highlights variability at level, potentially reflecting wide their functions host targets.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Effector‐triggered susceptibility by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae DOI Creative Commons
Ely Oliveira‐Garcia, Yan Xia, Míriam Osés-Ruiz

et al.

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 241(3), P. 1007 - 1020

Published: Dec. 10, 2023

Summary Rice blast, the most destructive disease of cultivated rice world‐wide, is caused by filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae . To cause in plants, M. secretes a diverse range effector proteins to suppress plant defense responses, modulate cellular processes, and support pathogen growth. Some effectors can be secreted appressoria even before host penetration, while others accumulate apoplast, or enter living cells where they target specific subcellular compartments. During infection, blast induces formation specialized structure known as biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC), which appears crucial for delivery into cells. Here, we review recent advances cell biology –host interactions show how new breakthroughs control have stemmed from an increased understanding are deployed delivered enable invasion susceptibility.

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Zinc-finger (ZiF) fold secreted effectors form a functionally diverse family across lineages of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae DOI Creative Commons
Juan Carlos De la Concepción, Thorsten Langner, Koki Fujisaki

et al.

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. e1012277 - e1012277

Published: June 17, 2024

Filamentous plant pathogens deliver effector proteins into host cells to suppress defence responses and manipulate metabolic processes support colonization. Understanding the evolution molecular function of these effectors provides knowledge about pathogenesis can suggest novel strategies reduce damage caused by pathogens. However, are highly variable, share weak sequence similarity and, although they be grouped according their structure, only a few structurally conserved families have been functionally characterized date. Here, we demonstrate that Zinc-finger fold (ZiF) secreted form diverse family in blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae . This relies on motif for protein stability is ubiquitously present lineages infecting 13 different species, forming tribes. Homologs canonical ZiF effector, AVR-Pii, from rice isolates multiple M lineages. Wheat strains also possess an AVR-Pii like allele binds Exo70 activates immune receptor Pii. Furthermore, tribes may vary bind to, indicating functional diversification intricate effector/host interactome. Altogether, uncovered new with common has diversified work expands our understanding diversity effectors, basis ultimately facilitate development sources pathogen resistance.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Structure‐guided insights into the biology of fungal effectors DOI Creative Commons
Marie Le Naour‐‐Vernet, Mounia Lahfa, Josephine H. R. Maidment

et al.

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 25, 2025

Phytopathogenic fungi cause enormous yield losses in many crops, threatening both agricultural production and global food security. To infect plants, they secrete effectors targeting various cellular processes the host. Putative effector genes are numerous fungal genomes, generally encode proteins with no sequence homology to each other or known domains. Recent studies have elucidated predicted three-dimensional structures of from a wide diversity plant pathogenic fungi, revealing limited number conserved folds. Effectors very diverse amino acid sequences can thereby be grouped into families based on structural homology. Some different some expanded specific taxa. Here, we describe features these discuss recent advances predicting new families. We highlight contribution analyses deepen our understanding function evolution effectors. also prospects offered by modeling for studying virulence targets plants.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The link between changing in host carbon allocation and resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae : a possible tactic for mitigating the rice blast fungus DOI Creative Commons
Gideon Sadikiel Mmbando

Plant Signaling & Behavior, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: March 11, 2024

One of the most destructive diseases affecting rice is blast, which brought on by blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The preventive measures, however, are not well established. To effectively reduce negative effects blasts crop yields, it imperative to comprehend dynamic interactions between pathogen resistance and patterns host carbon allocation. This review explores relationship variations in allocation plants' ability withstand damaging M. highlights potential strategies for altering including transgenic, selective breeding, rotation, nutrient management practices as a promising avenue enhancing resistance. study advances our knowledge interaction oryzae provides stakeholders farmers with practical guidance mitigating adverse globally. information may be used future create varieties that resistant

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Paths of Least Resistance: Unconventional Effector Secretion by Fungal and Oomycete Plant Pathogens DOI Creative Commons
Nawaraj Dulal, Richard A. Wilson

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(9), P. 653 - 661

Published: July 1, 2024

Effector secretion by different routes mediates the molecular interplay between host plant and pathogen, but mechanistic details in eukaryotes are sparse. This may limit discovery of new effectors that could be utilized for improving disease resistance. In fungi oomycetes, apoplastic secreted via conventional endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi pathway, while cytoplasmic packaged into vesicles bypass Golgi an unconventional protein (UPS) pathway.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Comparative Genomics Reveals Sources of Genetic Variability in the Asexual Fungal Plant Pathogen Colletotrichum lupini DOI Creative Commons
Joris Alkemade, Pierre Hohmann, Monika Messmer

et al.

Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(12)

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Fungal plant pathogens cause major crop losses worldwide, with many featuring compartmentalised genomes that include both core and accessory regions, which are believed to drive adaptation. The highly host‐specific fungus Colletotrichum lupini greatly impacts lupin ( Lupinus spp.) cultivation. This pathogen is part of clade 1 the C. acutatum species complex comprises four genetically uniform, presumably clonal, lineages (I–IV). Despite this, variation in virulence morphology has been observed within these lineages. To investigate potential sources genetic variability this asexual fungus, we compared 16 strains 17 related species. Phylogenomics confirmed presence distinct lineages, but further examination based on genome size, gene content, transposable elements (TEs), deletions revealed lineage II could be split into two groups, II‐A II‐B. TE content varied between correlated strongly size variation, supporting a role for TEs expansion Pangenome analysis variable genome, including minichromosome present II, III, IV, absent I. Accessory genes effectors appeared cluster proximity TEs. Presence/absence putative was lineage‐specific, suggesting play crucial determining host range. Notably, no were found TE‐rich minichromosome. Our findings shed light mechanisms generating diversity fungal aid future disease management.

Language: Английский

Citations

2