A disinhibitory circuit mechanism explains a general principle of peak performance during mid-level arousal

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(5)

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Perceptual decision-making is highly dependent on the momentary arousal state of brain, which fluctuates over time a scale hours, minutes, and even seconds. The textbook relationship between task performance captured by an inverted U-shape, as put forward in Yerkes–Dodson law. This law suggests optimal at moderate levels impaired low or high levels. However, despite its popularity, evidence for this humans mixed best. Here, we use pupil-indexed data from various perceptual tasks to provide converging U-shaped spontaneous fluctuations across different decision types (discrimination, detection) sensory modalities (visual, auditory). To further understand relationship, built neurobiologically plausible mechanistic model show that it possible reproduce our findings incorporating two interneurons are both modulated signal. architecture produces dynamical regimes under influence arousal: one regime increases with another decreases arousal, together forming arousal–performance relationship. We conclude general robust property processing. It might be brought about act disinhibitory pathway neural populations encode available used decision.

Language: Английский

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Characterizing Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) using alpha-band activity in resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) combined with MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB)

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 355, P. 254 - 264

Published: March 30, 2024

The diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) is commonly based on the subjective evaluation by experienced psychiatrists using clinical scales. Hence, it particularly important to find more objective biomarkers aid in and further treatment. Alpha-band activity (7-13 Hz) most prominent component resting electroencephalogram (EEG), which also thought be a potential biomarker. Recent studies have shown existence multiple sub-oscillations within alpha band, with distinct neural underpinnings. However, specific contribution these treatment MDD remains unclear. In this study, we recorded resting-state EEG from HC populations both open closed-eye state conditions. We assessed cognitive processing MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). found that group showed significantly higher power high range (10.5–11.5 lower low (7–8.5 compared group. Notably, negatively correlated working memory performance MCCB, whereas no such correlation was Furthermore, five established classification algorithms, discovered combining oscillations MCCB scores as features yielded highest accuracy or alone. Our results demonstrate frequency band When combined psychological scales, they may provide guidance relevant for MDD.

Language: Английский

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Neurobehavioral meaning of pupil size

Neuron, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(20), P. 3381 - 3395

Published: June 25, 2024

Pupil size is a widely used metric of brain state. It one the few signals originating from that can be readily monitored with low-cost devices in basic science, clinical, and home settings. is, therefore, important to investigate generate well-defined theories related specific interpretations this metric. What exactly does it tell us about brain? Pupils constrict response light dilate during darkness, but also controls pupil irrespective luminosity. fluctuations resulting ongoing "brain states" are as arousal, what pupil-linked arousal how should interpreted neural, cognitive, computational terms? Here, we discuss some recent findings these issues. We identify open questions propose answer them through combination tasks, neurocomputational models, neurophysiological probing interconnected loops causes consequences size.

Language: Английский

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Strength of low-frequency EEG phase entrainment to external stimuli is associated with fluctuations in the brain’s internal state

eNeuro, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. ENEURO.0064 - 24.2024

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

The brain attends to environmental rhythms by aligning the phase of internal oscillations. However, factors underlying fluctuations in strength this entrainment remain largely unknown. In present study we examined whether low-frequency EEG rhythmic stimulus sequences varied with pupil size and posterior alpha-band power, thought reflect arousal level excitability cortical areas, respectively. We recorded scalp while participants carried out an intermodal selective attention task, which they were instructed attend a sequence visual or auditory stimuli ignore other perceptual modality. As expected, intertrial coherence (ITC), measure strength, was larger for task-relevant than task-irrelevant Across experiment, alpha power strongly linked each other. Interestingly, ITC tracked both variables: associated increase sequence, whereas decrease sequences. Exploratory analyses showed that temporal relation between emerged time periods around maxima minima. These results indicate endogenous sources contribute distinctly entrainment. Significance statement Fluctuations state powerfully shape perception external stimuli. Understanding physiological signatures is crucial understand how selectively switches content. Here studied two attentional state, pupil-linked band, activity Our reveal common dissociable influences these at slow scales. Furthermore, measuring including as covariates statistical models can help studies focusing on provides new evidence direct influence

Language: Английский

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Double Dissociation of Spontaneous Alpha-Band Activity and Pupil-Linked Arousal on Additive and Multiplicative Perceptual Gain

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(19), P. e1944232024 - e1944232024

Published: March 28, 2024

Perception is a probabilistic process dependent on external stimulus properties and one's internal state. However, which states influence perception via what mechanisms remain debated. We studied how spontaneous alpha-band activity (8–13 Hz) pupil fluctuations impact visual detection confidence across contrast levels (i.e., the response function, CRF). In human subjects of both sexes, we found that low prestimulus alpha power induced an “additive” shift in CRF, whereby stimuli were reported present more frequently at all levels, including zero false alarms). Conversely, size had “multiplicative” effect such occurring during large (putatively corresponding to higher arousal) perceived as increased. Signal modeling reveals changes criteria equally CRF but not sensitivity ( d ′), whereas pupil-linked arousal modulated sensitivity, particularly for contrasts. Interestingly, positively correlated, meaning some may be mediated by fluctuations. pupil-independent still additive criterion effect. Our data imply boosts factor, rather than multiplicative scaling responses, profile captures arousal. suggest have dissociable effects behavior. Alpha reflects baseline level excitability, can vary independent

Language: Английский

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The pupil dilation response as an indicator of visual cue uncertainty and auditory outcome surprise

European Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 59(10), P. 2686 - 2701

Published: March 12, 2024

Abstract In everyday perception, we combine incoming sensory information with prior expectations. Expectations can be induced by cues that indicate the probability of following events. The provided may differ and hence lead to different levels uncertainty about which event will follow. this experiment, employed pupillometry investigate whether pupil dilation response visual varies depending on level cue‐associated a auditory outcome. Also, tested reflects amount surprise subsequently presented stimulus. each trial, participants were cue (face image) was followed an outcome (spoken vowel). After face cue, had keypress three vowels they expected hear next. We manipulated varying probabilistic cue‐outcome contingencies: One most likely one specific vowel (low uncertainty), another equally either two (intermediate uncertainty) third all (high uncertainty). Our results suggest in task‐relevant depends associated uncertainty, but only for large differences uncertainty. Additionally, outcomes, scaled negatively cue‐dependent probabilities, signalling surprise.

Language: Английский

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Cholinergic‐related pupil activity reflects level of emotionality during motor performance

European Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(9), P. 2193 - 2207

Published: April 29, 2023

Abstract Pupil size covaries with the diffusion rate of cholinergic and noradrenergic neurons throughout brain, which are essential to arousal. Recent findings suggest that slow pupil fluctuations during locomotion an index sustained activity in axons, whereas phasic dilations related axons. Here, we investigated movement induced arousal (i.e., by singing swaying music), hypothesising actively engaging musical behaviour will provoke stronger emotional engagement participants lead different qualitative patterns tonic activity. A challenge analysis data is turbulent diameter due exogenous ocular commonly encountered motor tasks high variability typically found between individuals. To address this, developed algorithm adaptively estimates removes responses events, as well a functional methodology, derived from Pfaffs' generalised arousal, provides new statistical dimension on how can be interpreted according putative neuromodulatory signalling. We enhanced cholinergic‐related having opportunity move your body while performing amplified effect Phasic oscillations execution attenuated time, often measure sense agency over movement.

Language: Английский

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Neural α Oscillations and Pupil Size Differentially Index Cognitive Demand under Competing Audiovisual Task Conditions

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(23), P. 4352 - 4364

Published: May 9, 2023

Cognitive demand is thought to modulate two often used, but rarely combined, measures: pupil size and neural α (8-12 Hz) oscillatory power. However, it unclear whether these measures capture cognitive in a similar way under complex audiovisual-task conditions. Here we recorded power (using electroencephalography), while human participants of both sexes concurrently performed visual multiple object-tracking task an auditory gap detection task. Difficulties the tasks were manipulated independent each other. Participants' performance decreased accuracy speed with increasing demand. Pupil increased difficulty for In contrast, showed diverging dynamics: parietal task, not Furthermore, difficulty, within-participant trial-by-trial fluctuations negatively correlated Difficulty-induced changes power, however, did correlate, which consistent their different cognitive-demand sensitivities. Overall, current study demonstrates that dynamics neurophysiological indices associated effort are multifaceted potentially modality-dependent

Language: Английский

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Effects of pupil size as manipulated through ipRGC activation on visual processing

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 283, P. 120420 - 120420

Published: Oct. 21, 2023

The size of the eyes' pupils determines how much light enters eye and also well this is focused. Through route, pupil shapes earliest stages visual processing. Yet causal effects on vision are poorly understood rarely studied. Here we introduce a new way to manipulate size, which relies activation intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) induce sustained constriction. We report both experimentally induced spontaneous changes in processing as measured through EEG. compare these stimulus intensity covert attention, because previous studies have shown that factors all comparable some common measures early processing, such detection performance steady-state evoked potentials; yet it still unclear whether superficial similarities, or rather they reflect similar underlying processes. Using mix neural-network decoding, ERP analyses, time-frequency find intensity, attention affect EEG responses, mainly over occipital parietal electrodes, but-crucially-that do so qualitatively different ways. Induced pupil-size modulate activity patterns (but not overall power intertrial coherence) high-frequency beta range; may an effect oculomotor and/ In addition, induced) tends correlate positively with coherence alpha band; non-causal relationship, mediated by arousal. Taken together, our findings suggest has from attention. This shows manipulated ipRGC strongly affects provides concrete starting points for further study important understudied stage

Language: Английский

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Prediction of Alpha Power Using Multiple Subjective Measures and Autonomic Responses

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 62(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Alpha oscillations are associated with various cognitive functions. However, the determinants of alpha power variation remain ambiguous, primarily due to its inconsistent associations autonomic responses and subjective states under different experimental conditions. To thoroughly examine correlations between these factors, we implemented a range conditions, encompassing attentional emotional tasks, as well resting‐state. In addition electroencephalogram data, gathered suite response measurements ratings. We employed multiple linear regression analysis, utilizing reports predictors power. also subtracted aperiodic components for better estimation periodic oscillations. Our results from two separately conducted experiments robustly demonstrated that combined use ratings effectively predicted parietal‐occipital across These predictions were supported by leave‐one‐participant‐out cross‐validation cross‐experiment validation, confirming relationships can be generalized new participants. This study demonstrates links variations states, suggesting during investigations functions oscillations, it is important consider potential influences on

Language: Английский

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